दिसम्बर 2004 को सुनामी भारत सहित चौदह देशों में तबाही लायी थी। सुनामी के होने के लिए जिम्मेदार कारकों पर एवं जीवन तथा अर्थव्यवस्था पर पड़ने वाले उसके प्रभावों पर चर्चा कीजिए। एन.डी.एम.ए. के दिशा निर्देशों (2010) के प्रकाश में, ...
Model Answer Before Signing the Sendai Framework Disaster Management Act, 2005: This act established a legal framework for disaster management, focusing on prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. National Disaster Management Policy, 2009: This policy aimed to build a culture ofRead more
Model Answer
Before Signing the Sendai Framework
- Disaster Management Act, 2005: This act established a legal framework for disaster management, focusing on prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
- National Disaster Management Policy, 2009: This policy aimed to build a culture of prevention and preparedness while improving coordination and capacity building.
- National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), 2006: A specialized force created to respond to natural and man-made disasters, including search and rescue operations.
- National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP), 2016: Aimed at reducing the vulnerability of coastal communities to cyclones through enhanced early warning systems and infrastructure improvements.
- National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project (NERMP), 2010: Focused on reducing earthquake risks by strengthening building codes and promoting awareness.
- National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers for Earthquake Risk Management (NPCBEERM), 2010: Enhanced the capacity of engineers in earthquake risk management through training and education.
- National Programme for School Safety (NPSS), 2016: Developed guidelines and conducted safety audits to promote disaster preparedness in schools.
After Signing the Sendai Framework
- National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2016: A comprehensive plan that provides a framework for disaster management at all levels.
- National Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (NDRRF), 2015: Established to provide financial resources for disaster risk reduction and recovery measures.
- National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR), 2017: A platform to enhance coordination among stakeholders involved in disaster risk management.
- National Disaster Database (NDDB), 2017: Aimed at improving data management for disaster risk reduction.
- One Nation One Scheme for Disaster Management, 2018: Provided financial support to states for various disaster management activities.
- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), 2016: An insurance scheme for farmers affected by natural disasters.
- Climate Change Action Plan, 2018-2023: Addressed the impact of climate change on disaster risk.
Differences Between Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework
- Focus: The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) primarily aimed at reducing disaster risks and increasing resilience, while the Sendai Framework (SFDRR) has a broader focus on preventing and mitigating disasters, as well as enhancing recovery and rehabilitation.
- Goals and Targets: The SFDRR includes seven global targets and four priorities for action, compared to the HFA’s five priorities and various goals.
- Participation: The SFDRR emphasizes the involvement of all stakeholders, including local communities and the private sector, whereas the HFA was more government-centric.
- Implementation: The SFDRR is designed to be more action-oriented with a stronger emphasis on monitoring and evaluation to track progress towards its targets.
Conclusion
India’s disaster risk reduction measures have evolved significantly, particularly with the adoption of the Sendai Framework, which emphasizes a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to disaster management. Continued efforts are essential to build resilience and mitigate the impacts of disasters on vulnerable communities.
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दिसंबर 2004 का सुनामी: जिम्मेदार कारक और प्रभाव 1. सुनामी के होने के लिए जिम्मेदार कारक: 1.1. भूकंप: कारण: 26 दिसंबर 2004 को भारतीय महासागर में 9.1-9.3 तीव्रता का भूकंप आया, जिसे "सुनामी जनक भूकंप" कहा जाता है। यह भूकंप सुमात्रा के पश्चिमी तट के पास समुद्रतल में हुआ। उदाहरण: इस भूकंप ने समुद्र के नीRead more
दिसंबर 2004 का सुनामी: जिम्मेदार कारक और प्रभाव
1. सुनामी के होने के लिए जिम्मेदार कारक:
1.1. भूकंप:
1.2. समुद्री भूस्खलन:
2. जीवन और अर्थव्यवस्था पर प्रभाव:
2.1. जीवन की हानि:
2.2. अर्थव्यवस्था पर प्रभाव:
3. एन.डी.एम.ए. के दिशा निर्देशों (2010) के प्रकाश में जोखिम कम करने की क्रियाविधि:
3.1. आपातकालीन तैयारी और योजना:
3.2. संरचनात्मक और अवसंरचनात्मक सुधार:
3.3. जागरूकता और शिक्षा:
निष्कर्ष: