Evolution of Indian Economy & Reforms
Editor’s Pick
- Examine the importance of digital transactions in India and outline the suggestions proposed by the Nandan Nilekani Committee to enhance the adoption of digital payments nationwide.(200 Words)
- Discuss the benefits and risks associated with the internationalization of the rupee for the economy. (200 words)
- Discuss the 1991 economic reforms as a complete structural transformation of the Indian economy. (200 words)
- Planned development was a crucial economic reform in post-independence India. In this context, explain why the Second Five-Year Plan is considered a significant milestone. (200 words)
UPSC PYQs
- What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements. (150 words)[UPSC 2023]
- What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements. (150 words)[UPSC 2023]
- Do you agree that the Indian economy has recently experienced a V-shaped recovery? Give reasons in support of your answer. (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
- National Urban Transport Policy emphasises on ‘moving people’ instead of ‘moving vehicles. Discuss critically the success of the various strategies of the Government in this regard. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
Economic Planning
Editor’s Pick
- What is the Twin Deficit problem? Explain its impact on the Indian economy. (200 words)
- Provide a brief overview of the different industrial policies that India has implemented since gaining independence. (200 words)
- Do you believe it is the right time to implement a progressive wealth tax to address the increasing inequalities in India? (200 words)
- What is the middle-income trap, and what strategies can India adopt to avoid falling into it? (200 words)
- Discuss the significant challenges faced by the PM-KISAN Scheme despite its benefits to a large number of farmers.
- Discuss the institutional and policy changes that have driven defense indigenization, domestic capital procurement, and defense exports in India. What measures has the Government taken in this regard, and what challenges still remain?
UPSC PYQs
- Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? (250 words) [UPSC 2023]
- “Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity.” Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. (250 words) [UPSC 2022]
- Explain the difference between the computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015. (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
- Define potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
- Enumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST introduced in India since July 2017. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
- Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
- How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those followed by the erstwhile Planning Commission in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
Mobilization of Resources
Editor’s Pick
- “Analyze the impact of the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) in reshaping the e-commerce ecosystem in India.” (200 words)
- Explain the contribution of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) in promoting India’s economic growth and infrastructure development.( 200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
Employment & Skill Development
Editor’s Pick
- What does the term ‘casualization of the workforce’ mean, and what are the disadvantages associated with this phenomenon in India? (200 words)
- How does the passion economy, which focuses on monetizing creative skills and talents, impact the future of work and entrepreneurship? (200 words)
- Analyze the connection between human capital and economic growth, and explore the challenges impacting human capital development in India. (200 words)
UPSC PYQs
- Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements. (250 words) [UPSC 2023]
- “Success of ‘Make in India’ program depends on the success of ‘Skill India’ program and radical labor reforms.” Discuss with logical arguments. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
- “While we flaunt India’s demographic dividend, we ignore the dropping rates of employability.” What are we missing while doing so? Where will the jobs that India desperately needs come from? Explain. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
Inflation
Editor’s Pick
- Discuss the impact of inflation on a country’s economy, classifying it according to its causes. (200 words)
- What are the potential concerns of relying on interest rates as the primary tool to control inflation in the Indian economy? Discuss. (200 words)
- Discuss the demand-pull and cost-push factors contributing to inflation in India in detail. (200 words)
- What is inflation targeting, and how is the inflation targeting framework implemented in India? (200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
Inclusive Growth & Economic Development
Editor’s Pick
- Discuss the limitations of using GDP as the primary indicator for comparing well-being among countries, despite its widespread usage. (200 words)
- Despite several initiatives aimed at improving the fiscal health of states in India in recent years, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. Discuss in detail. (200 words)
- How does human capital relate to economic growth, and what key areas should be prioritized to address the human capital deficit in India? (200 words)
- What are the reasons for the ongoing persistence of poverty in India, despite the various measures implemented for poverty eradication in recent years? (200 words)
- What are the effects of persistent economic inequality in India, and what challenges exist in tackling this issue? (200 words)
- How significantly has foreign direct investment (FDI) in India contributed to the country’s economic growth and development? (200 words)
- What are the major challenges in tackling wealth and income inequality in India? (200 words)
- Analyze the connection between health and poverty. How can inclusive healthcare contribute to achieving inclusive growth in India? (200 words)
- Discuss the role of Unified Payment Interface (UPI) in promoting financial inclusion in India. ( 200 Words)
- How can India’s traditional knowledge provide solutions for promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation? Illustrate with examples.
- Explain the concept of multi-dimensional poverty and outline the measures implemented in India to tackle this issue. ( 200 words)
UPSC PYQs
- Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. (150 words)[UPSC 2022]
- “Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth.” Discuss in the light of India’s experience. (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
- Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development. (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
- It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together. Comment on this statement.(250 words) [UPSC 2019]
- Among several factors for India’s potential growth, the savings rate is the most effective one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for growth potential? (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
- What are the salient features of ‘inclusive growth’? Has India been experiencing such a growth process? Analyse and suggest measures for inclusive growth. (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
- Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is necessary for bringing unbanked to the institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this for financial inclusion of the poorer section of the Indian society? Give arguments to justify your opinion. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts which always attracts controversy while planning major projects. Discuss the measures suggested for mitigation of this impact while proposing major developmental projects. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- The nature of economic growth in India in recent times is often described as jobless growth. Do you agree with this view? Give arguments in favor of your answer. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
- Capitalism has guided the world economy to unprecedented prosperity. However, it often encourages short-sightedness and contributes to wide disparities between the rich and the poor. In this light, would it be correct to believe and adopt capitalism for bringing inclusive growth in India? Discuss. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
Government Budgeting & Public Finance
Editor’s Pick
- Examine the importance of green accounting and the obstacles faced in its execution within India.
- What is your understanding of digital tax? Explain the rationale for its introduction in India and discuss the challenges associated with its implementation. (200 words)
- How does rising public debt burden the economy? Discuss the measures introduced by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 to mitigate this issue. (200 words)
- What is gender budgeting? Discuss the ways in which it can be effectively implemented in India. (200 words)
- “Explain the role of Outcome Budgeting in promoting the efficient allocation of resources and supporting the achievement of the government’s socio-economic goals in India.” (200 words)
- How can the Union Budget 2023-24 contribute to promoting women-led development in India? (200 words)
- What are the potential reasons behind the increasing migration of High Net-Worth Individuals (HNIs) from India to foreign countries, and what could be the economic implications of this trend for India? (200 words)
- What is your understanding of public debt? Why is high public debt considered a concern? Discuss this issue in the context of India. (200 words)
- Why is National Income Accounting important, and what are the factors that influence a country’s GDP? (200 words)
- What does gender budgeting entail? Explore the challenges it faces within the Indian context. (200 words)
- What are the goals of government budgeting? List the key components of the government budget in India. (200 words)
- Discuss the key features of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Explain its achievements since implementation and the challenges it continues to face. (200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
- Distinguish between Capital Budget and Revenue Budget. Explain the components of both these Budgets. (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
- The public expenditure management is a challenge to the Government of India in the context of budget making during the post-liberalization period. Clarify it.(250 words) [UPSC 2019]
- Comment on the important changes introduced in respect of the Long-term Capital Gains Tax (LCGT) and Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) in the Union Budget for 2018-2019. (150 words) [UPSC 2018]
- Women empowerment in India needs gender budgeting. What are the requirements and status of gender budgeting in the Indian context? (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Banking & Monetary Policy
Editor’s Pick
- Explain the concept of a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) and delineate its distinctions from a commercial bank. Evaluate the importance of NBFCs within the Indian financial system.
- Provide a description of the various instruments at the disposal of the RBI for regulating the money supply in the economy. (200 words)
- Examine the monetary policy framework in India and discuss the challenges it faces in terms of monetary management. (200 words)
- “Examine the current state of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in India and discuss the key measures implemented to address the NPA crisis.” (200 words)
- What are Primary agricultural Credit Societies, and what is their significance in India? (200 words)
- Explain the different functions of money and highlight its advantages compared to other forms of assets. (200 words)
- Discuss the instruments of monetary policy available to the RBI and explain how it functions as a banker to both commercial banks and the government. (200 words)
- Examine the necessity and the issues related to the privatization of public sector banks. (200 Words)
- What is meant by a flexible exchange rate? Discuss the factors that contribute to the appreciation and depreciation of the Indian rupee against the US dollar. (200 words)
- What are Non-Performing Assets (NPAs)? Discuss the recent measures implemented by the government to tackle the issue of NPAs in India. (200 words)
- What is meant by sterilization? How does the RBI manage the money supply to protect it from external shocks? (200 words)
UPSC PYQs
External Sector
Editor’s Pick
- Identify the factors limiting India’s export competitiveness and suggest the necessary measures to boost the contribution of exports to the country’s economic growth. (200 words)
- What factors contributed to India’s rise as a preferred outsourcing destination in the post-reforms era? Additionally, discuss the role of outsourcing in driving India’s economic development. (200 words)
- How would you define the Balance of Payments (BoP)? Explain its various components and discuss the consequences of a BoP deficit. (200 words)
- Do you agree that India’s external sector has shown resilience and sustainability in recent times, despite the adverse global conditions? (200 words)
- India’s defence exports play a crucial role in strengthening its global standing. Discuss the significance of defence exports for India. What steps has the government taken to promote and enhance defence exports? ( 200 Words)
- What is your understanding of capital account convertibility? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of full capital account convertibility for India.(200 words)
- What is a country’s balance of payments? Provide an overview of its different components. (200 words)
UPSC PYQs
- How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world trade affect macroeconomic stability of India? (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
- Account for the failure of the manufacturing sector to achieve the goal of labor-intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labor-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports. (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
- Craze for gold in Indians has led to a surge in import of gold in recent years and put pressure on balance of payments and external value of rupee. In view of this, examine the merits of the Gold Monetization Scheme. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
Agriculture & Food Management
Editor’s Pick
- What is urban agriculture, and what are its benefits and challenges? (200 words)
- Despite the numerous benefits of cultivating millets, the current state of millet production in India remains unsatisfactory. What are the primary factors contributing to the low adoption of millet cultivation by Indian farmers? Discuss.(200 Words)
- Despite being the world’s largest producer and consumer of pulses, India continues to rely on imports to meet its domestic demand. Analyze the key factors contributing to this imbalance. (200 Words)
- What role do agricultural cooperatives play in boosting farmers’ income, promoting agricultural exports, and strengthening the rural economy in India?
- What are the principles of organic and natural farming? Discuss their contribution to sustaining agricultural production. (150 words)
- Discuss the importance of the Yellow Revolution for India’s economy. (150 words)
- Critically examine how PM KISAN has contributed to addressing agrarian issues and promoting rural development, despite facing challenges. (150 words)
- What are the economic, social, and environmental advantages of expanding millet cultivation in India? What factors contribute to its limited adoption, and what measures can be taken to overcome these challenges? (150 words)
- Genetically modified (GM) crops are touted for their potential to increase yields and improve resilience, but they also raise concerns regarding their ecological effects and food safety. Discuss this topic with relevant examples. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers? (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
- Explain various types of revolutions, that took place in Agriculture after independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India? (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
- Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non-viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
- There is also a point of view that Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) set up under the State Acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
- Give an account of the growth and development of nuclear science and technology in India. What is the advantage of a fast breeder reactor program in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
Cropping Pattern
Editor’s Pick
- Although the government has implemented several initiatives to promote organic farming in India, various challenges still need to be addressed for it to become a practical option for Indian farmers. Discuss. (200 words)
- How are climate change and the resulting extreme weather events affecting the cropping patterns in different regions of India?(200 Words)
- How does crop diversification assist farmers in managing market uncertainties while also contributing to soil health and promoting sustainability in agriculture? (200 Words)
- What are the reasons behind the uneven shift towards water-intensive cropping patterns in India? Discuss the measures that can be adopted to promote a sustainable water-efficient cropping pattern.( 200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
- Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions. (250 words) [UPSC 2023]
- What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2022]
- What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
- What are the major factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success how has this system become bane in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
- How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption. (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
- What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How crop diversification is helpful to stabilise the yield of the crops in the system? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
- How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
Irrigation
Editor’s Pick
- Can smart irrigation effectively tackle the challenges of India’s current irrigation system?(200 Words)
- Provide a brief overview of the irrigation situation in India and explain the current efforts to expand the irrigated area in the country. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India’s water crisis? (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
- Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use under depleting scenario. (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
- Describe the role of micro-irrigation in increasing the water-use efficiency. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- What is allelopathy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Storage, Transport & Marketing in Agriculture
Editor’s Pick
- What is the significance of agricultural marketing in India, and what initiatives has the government undertaken to improve the agricultural marketing system in the country? (200 words)
- What are the key challenges associated with the storage of agricultural produce in India, and what steps can be taken to overcome them?(200 Words)
- What are operational stocks and strategic reserves in the context of India’s foodgrain stocking norms? Evaluate the buffer stocking policy of India critically.(200 Words)
- What are the effects of insufficient marketing infrastructure on small and marginal farmers, and how can Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) enhance marketing efficiency to benefit these farmers?(200 Words)
- How do Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) contribute to the storage and marketing of agricultural produce in India? Discuss the importance of the newly introduced ‘World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in the Cooperative Sector.’ ( 200 Words)
- Explain the importance of market intelligence in the marketing of agricultural commodities (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- What are the main bottlenecks in upstream and downstream process of marketing of agricultural products in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2022]
- What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
- Examine the role of supermarkets in supply chain management of fruits, vegetables and food items. How do they eliminate number of intermediaries? (150 words) [UPSC 2018]
E-technology for farmers
Editor’s Pick
UPSC PYQs
Minimum Support Prices
Editor’s Pick
- How are Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) determined, and what are the challenges associated with the MSP system in India? (200 words)
- What is the current status of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) in India, and how does it contribute to securing farmers’ incomes? In your view, would providing legal backing to MSP alone ensure financial sustainability for all farmers? (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low income trap? (150 words) [UPSC 2018]
- How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
Public Distribution System
Editor’s Pick
- How has the digitization of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India addressed the various challenges faced by the system? Discuss the potential impact of the ‘SMARTPDS’ initiative in this context.(200 Words)
- How have the reforms in the Food Corporation of India enhanced the efficiency of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and improved food security for vulnerable populations in India? (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent? (150 words)[UPSC 2022]
- What are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective? (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
Farm Subsidies & Food Security
Editor’s Pick
- What role does the ‘One Nation-One Ration Card’ scheme play in ensuring food security for vulnerable populations in India, and what challenges need to be addressed for its successful implementation?
- How do subsidies influence farmers’ decisions on cropping patterns and crop diversity? Provide examples to illustrate. (150 words)
- Discuss the importance of the fisheries sector in contributing to food security, livelihoods, and economic development. Additionally, examine the concerns surrounding the fisheries subsidies agreement under negotiation at the World Trade Organization. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies. (250 words) [UPSC 2023]
- What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, of 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
Technology Missions in Agriculture
Editor’s Pick
- What are the potential benefits and limitations of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) in transforming agriculture in India? (200 Words)
- How can the integration of solar energy with farming, known as agrivoltaics, revolutionize Indian agriculture?
- Examine the economic effects of farm mechanization on small and marginal farmers, focusing on cost-effectiveness and income growth. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
- How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production? (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
- .Elaborate the impact of National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water-stressed areas. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
- How can the ‘Digital India’ program help farmers to improve farm productivity and income? What steps has the Government taken in this regard? (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
Economics of Animal-Rearing
Editor’s Pick
- How is climate stress impacting the productivity of India’s livestock sector, and what adaptation strategies can help mitigate its effects? (200 Words)
- How can digital technology contribute to transforming animal husbandry in India?
- Provide a brief overview of the Rashtriya Gokul Mission and the National Animal Disease Control Programme. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
Food Processing
Editor’s Pick
- What are the challenges confronted by the food processing sector in India, and what measures has the government implemented to address these issues? (200 words)
- Discuss how India can utilize its comparative advantage in food processing to transform the sector into a global powerhouse.( 200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
- Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India. (150 words)[UPSC 2022]
- What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
- Elaborate the policy taken by the Government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
- What are the reasons for the poor acceptance of cost-effective small processing units? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
- How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
- What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks? (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
Land Reforms
Editor’s Pick
- “Enumerate the obstacles hindering the effective implementation of Conclusive Land Titling in India despite its advantageous aspects.” (200 words)
- What are the key factors contributing to the degradation of agricultural land in India, and what steps can be taken to address this issue? (200 words)
- To what extent can the newly implemented National Generic Document Registration System (NGDRS) and Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) contribute to the modernization of land records in India? (200 words)
- What are the reasons behind unclear land titles in India, and how can clear land titles contribute to achieving India’s socio-economic objectives?(200 Words)
- In what ways has the lack of effective and equitable land reforms contributed to the ongoing poverty in India? ( 200 Words)
- Digitization of land records is a commendable initiative, but it also presents certain challenges that require attention. Discuss. (200 Words)
- Critically evaluate the advantages and challenges of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) in protecting farmers’ rights. Additionally, propose measures to improve the effectiveness of the scheme. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria. (150 words)[UPSC 2023]
- How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers? (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
- Discuss the role of land reforms in agricultural development. Identify the factors that were responsible for the success of land reforms in India. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 has come into effect from 1st January, 2014. What are the key issues which would get addressed with the Act in place? What implications would it have on industrialization and agriculture in India? (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
Manufacturing Sector
Editor’s Pick
- What are the obstacles that India faces in pursuing labour-intensive manufacturing as a strategy to create employment for its growing working-age population? (200 words)
- Analyze the effect of the savings rate on the economy. What factors have contributed to the decline in India’s savings rate over the past decade? (200 words)
- Is there a need for a new industrial policy in light of the central role played by the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme?
UPSC PYQs
- Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard. (150 words)[UPSC 2023]
- “Industrial growth rate has lagged behind in the overall growth of Gross-Domestic-Product (GDP) in the post-reform period.” Give reasons. How far the recent changes in Industrial are capable of increasing the industrial growth rate? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
Service Sector
Editor’s Pick
- Explain the ways in which tourism influences various sectors in India, particularly emphasizing its effects on infrastructure as well as arts and crafts. (150 words)
- Why are concerns about e-pharmacies in India rising, even though the government is promoting digital health? What steps are required to address this contradiction? (Answer in 250 words)
UPSC PYQs
Financial Market
Editor’s Pick
- Given the crucial role of microfinance institutions in promoting development in India, it is important to examine the challenges that impede their widespread adoption. Discuss. (200 words)
- Do supermarkets help increase small farmers’ income by cutting down the number of intermediaries in the market in India? Discuss. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
Effects of Liberalization
Editor’s Pick
UPSC PYQs
Infrastructure
Editor’s Pick
- In the context of port-led development in India, what is the significance of the Sagarmala programme, and what challenges does it face? (200 words)
- How is the roads and highways sector anticipated to drive the growth of physical infrastructure in India? Additionally, what are the key factors causing delays in the implementation of projects in this sector? (200 words)
- With India poised to become the world’s leading aviation market by the end of the decade, what are the main drivers behind this growth, and what challenges does the Indian civil aviation sector face? (200 words)
- What are the existing gaps in ensuring a safe and secure railway network in India? (200 words)
- What factors have contributed to the lack of improvement in the operating ratio of Indian Railways, despite a significant increase in its capital expenditure? (200 words)
- What are the challenges preventing the widespread adoption of integrated cold chain infrastructure in India? (200 Words)
- Despite notable advancements in India’s road infrastructure, road safety remains a major concern. Discuss the initiatives the government has taken to address this issue. (200 Words)
- What role do landlord ports play in enhancing port efficiency in India? (200 Words)
- What is the potential of High-Speed Rail (HSR) corridors in driving economic growth and development in India? (200 Words)
- How can the expansion of existing airports and the development of new airports in India offer benefits that go beyond enhancing travel connectivity? Discuss. ( 200 Words)
- What are the potential benefits and challenges of utilizing inland waterways as an alternative mode of transportation in India?
- What is land pooling? Discuss its advantages and the challenges it faces. (200 words)
- Examine the primary factors contributing to the decline in the growth of SEZs and their underutilization in India. How does the Development of Enterprise and Service Hubs (DESH) Bill, 2022 seek to resolve these issues? (150 words)
- Discuss the substantial reforms in India’s port sector that are driving growth and global recognition. What key policy and legislative changes have been implemented to support these developments? (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (150 words)[UPSC 2022]
- Examine the development of Airports in India through joint ventures under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard? (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
- What are ‘Smart Cities? Examine their relevance for urban development in India. Will it increase rural-urban differences? Give arguments for ‘Smart Villages’ in the light of PURA and RURBAN Mission. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- There is a clear acknowledgment that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are a tool for industrial development, manufacturing, and exports. Recognizing this potential, the whole instrumentality of SEZs requires augmentation. Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs with respect to taxation, governing laws, and administration. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
- Explain how Private Public Partnership arrangements, in long gestation infrastructure projects, can transfer unsustainable liabilities to the future. What arrangements need to be put in place to ensure that successive generations’ capacities are not compromised? (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
Energy
Editor’s Pick
- What challenges does India encounter in achieving energy security, and what recent measures have been implemented to address these challenges? (200 words)
- What are the key challenges India faces in expanding its nuclear energy infrastructure to meet its net-zero targets? (200 Words)
- What is the current status of Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE) adoption, and what are the key challenges hindering its widespread implementation?(200 Words)
- India is promoting Energy Storage Systems (ESS) as an integral part of its power infrastructure. What are the benefits associated with Energy Storage Systems (ESS)? Comment on the policy initiatives offered by the government for its promotion. (200 Words)
- India is on the brink of a major transformation in its energy sector, with plans to significantly increase the nation’s energy capacity. What factors contribute to making this transformation both sustainable and inclusive? ( 200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
- Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective ? Explain. (250 words) [UPSC 2022]
- Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to the conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
- With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
- Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Investment Models
Editor’s Pick
- What is the hybrid annuity model (HAM) of investment, and what are the associated challenges? (200 words)
- What is the concept of friendshoring, and how can it contribute to India’s developmental objectives? (200 words)
- How can asset monetization serve as a vital non-tax financing tool to boost investment in India? Provide examples to support your discussion. (200 words)
- What role do Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) play as an investment model for infrastructure development in India? Why are PPPs not a one-size-fits-all solution to all infrastructure-related performance challenges?
- Analyze how public-private partnerships (PPPs), particularly the Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), contribute to accelerating infrastructure development and overcoming funding challenges. (150 words)
UPSC PYQs
- Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and a private entity.(250 words) [UPSC 2020]
- Justify the need for FDI for the development of the Indian economy. Why there is gap between MOUs signed and actual FDIs? Suggest remedial steps to be taken for increasing actual FDIs in India. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
- Explain how Private Public Partnership arrangements, in long gestation infrastructure projects, can transfer unsustainable liabilities to the future. What arrangements need to be put in place to ensure that successive generations’ capacities are not compromised? (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the defence sector is now set to be liberalized. What influence this is expected to have on Indian defence and economy in the short and long run? (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
Intellectual Property Rights
Editor’s Pick
UPSC PYQs
- How is the Government of India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting by pharmaceutical companies? (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
- In a globalized world, Intellectual Property Rights assume significance and are a source of litigation. Broadly distinguish between the terms-Copyrights, Patents and Trade Secrets. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
International Economic Organizations
Editor’s Pick
UPSC PYQs
Sustainable Development
Editor’s Pick
UPSC PYQs
- “Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).” Comment on the progress made in India in this regard. (150 words) [UPSC 2018]
- Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development. (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
Human Development
Editor’s Pick
UPSC PYQs
Socio-economic Issues
Editor’s Pick
- What are the key differences between the New Pension Scheme and the Old Pension Scheme, and what was the rationale behind the introduction of the New Pension Scheme in 2004? (200 words)
- How can Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) be utilized to improve the accessibility and affordability of healthcare in rural India? Illustrate with examples. (200 words)
- What is the ‘National Champions’ model of economic growth, and what are its strengths and challenges when applied to the Indian context? (200 words)
- What are the key factors contributing to the growth of the nutraceutical industry in India? In what ways can nutraceuticals help meet the country’s public health requirements?(200 Words)
UPSC PYQs
- Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By giving suitable examples, analyze the causes and consequences of such violence. (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
- In what way could the replacement of price subsidy with Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) change the scenario of subsidies in India? Discuss. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
- “In the villages itself no form of credit organization will be suitable except the cooperative society. All India Rural Credit Survey. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]Discuss this statement in the background of agricultural finance in India. What constraints and challenges do financial institutions supplying agricultural finance face? How can technology be used to better reach and serve rural clients? (200 words) [UPSC 2014]
- Can overuse and free availability of antibiotics without Doctor’s prescription, be contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved. (200 words) [UPSC 2014]