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Art & Culture

Art & Culture are the pillars upon which civilizations are built. Discover the masterful craftsmanship of artisans, the evocative melodies of musicians, and the thought-provoking narratives of storytellers, all of which have the power to transcend boundaries and foster unity.

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Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Chitranshu Dwivedi
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Chitranshu DwivediBegginer
Asked: September 22, 2024In: , , , ,
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Discuss the development of the judicial system in India under British rule. How did the evolution of courts and legal frameworks during the colonial period shape the current judicial structure of India? Highlight the key reforms and their impact on ...

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  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    The judicial system in India underwent significant development under British rule. The British established a hierarchical court structure with the Supreme Court at the apex followed by High Courts, District Courts and lower courts. This structure remains largely intact today. Key reforms and their iRead more

    The judicial system in India underwent significant development under British rule. The British established a hierarchical court structure with the Supreme Court at the apex followed by High Courts, District Courts and lower courts. This structure remains largely intact today.

    Key reforms and their impact –

    1. Charter Act of 1726 established the first Supreme Court in India marking the beginning of a modern judicial system.
    2. Regulating Act of 1773 introduced the concept of a hierarchical court structure and established the Calcutta High Court.
    3. Indian High Courts Act of 1861 established High Courts in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta introduced the concept of appellate jurisdiction.
    4. Code of Civil Procedure 1859 standardized civil procedure across India.
    5. Indian Evidence Act 1872 codified the law of evidence, ensuring consistency in judicial proceedings.

    The evolution of courts and legal frameworks during the colonial period shaped the current judicial structure of India in several ways –

    1. The British established court hierarchy remains in place today.
    2. The British introduced codified laws such as the Indian Penal Code and the Code of Civil Procedure which continue to govern Indian law.
    3. The British established an independent judiciary which has been maintained in post colonial India.

     

    These reforms and the overall development of the judicial system under British rule have had a lasting impact on the Indian judiciary shaping its structure, laws and procedures.

     

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Kaavya Vurity
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Kaavya VurityBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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  1. Swabhiman
    Swabhiman Begginer

    I believe the most known answer is Bharatnatyam and it has its reasons. Bharatanatyam has its roots in Tamil Nadu and is one of the oldest classical dance forms, with origins tracing back to the ancient temples of South India. It embodies a deep cultural and spiritual significance, often depicting sRead more

    I believe the most known answer is Bharatnatyam and it has its reasons. Bharatanatyam has its roots in Tamil Nadu and is one of the oldest classical dance forms, with origins tracing back to the ancient temples of South India. It embodies a deep cultural and spiritual significance, often depicting stories from Hindu mythology and scriptures

    The dance form is characterized by its precise movements, intricate footwork, and expressive hand gestures (mudras), all combined with graceful body movements. The elaborate and colorful costumes, along with detailed makeup, add to its visual appeal, making performances captivating to audiences.

    Bharatanatyam dancers frequently perform at cultural festivals, prestigious venues, and international events around the world, showcasing the art form to diverse audiences. Many institutions and dance schools globally teach Bharatanatyam, helping to spread its techniques and philosophies beyond India.

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Divya Agarwal
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Divya AgarwalBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: ,
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What are the reasons of extreme climate conditions?

  1. Suhani Gupta
    Suhani Gupta Begginer

    Extreme climate conditions are primarily driven by natural variability and human activities. Natural factors include volcanic eruptions that release ash and gases, altering atmospheric composition and temporarily affecting climate. Solar variability, such as changes in solar radiation and sunspot acRead more

    Extreme climate conditions are primarily driven by natural variability and human activities. Natural factors include volcanic eruptions that release ash and gases, altering atmospheric composition and temporarily affecting climate. Solar variability, such as changes in solar radiation and sunspot activity, also influence climate patterns over long timescales. Oceanic phenomena like El Niño and La Niña can disrupt normal weather patterns, leading to extreme events such as droughts or heavy rainfall.

    Human activities significantly contribute to extreme climate conditions through the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing global warming and altering climate patterns worldwide. Deforestation and land-use changes further exacerbate these effects by reducing carbon sinks and altering local climate dynamics.

    The combination of natural variability and human-induced climate change is causing an increase in extreme weather events such as heatwaves, intense storms, and floods. Addressing extreme climate conditions requires comprehensive strategies including reducing GHG emissions, promoting sustainable land use, enhancing resilience to climate impacts, and fostering international cooperation to mitigate global climate risks.

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Mirali Ranjan Biswal
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Mirali Ranjan BiswalBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In:
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Use your imagination well to answer the question!

artculturehistorypaintingsquestionwit
  1. Lakshmi Priya
    Lakshmi Priya Begginer

    If I could host a dinner party with three artists from any time period, I would invite Leonardo da Vinci, Frida Kahlo, and Vincent van Gogh. Each brings a unique perspective and extraordinary life experience, promising a fascinating evening of conversation. For the menu, I'd curate dishes that refleRead more

    If I could host a dinner party with three artists from any time period, I would invite Leonardo da Vinci, Frida Kahlo, and Vincent van Gogh. Each brings a unique perspective and extraordinary life experience, promising a fascinating evening of conversation.

    For the menu, I’d curate dishes that reflect their diverse backgrounds and preferences. We’d start with a Tuscan antipasto platter in honor of Leonardo, featuring cured meats, cheeses, olives, and fresh bruschetta. This would provide a taste of his Italian heritage and the Renaissance era he epitomized.

    The main course would be a vibrant Mexican feast inspired by Frida Kahlo. Enchiladas with mole sauce, tamales, and a colorful array of fresh salsas would celebrate her rich cultural heritage and the flavors she loved. The table would be adorned with vibrant flowers, a nod to her beloved garden at La Casa Azul.

    For dessert, we’d honor Vincent van Gogh with a Dutch-inspired treat—stroopwafels served with a selection of fine cheeses and fruits, paired with a rich coffee to stimulate lively post-dinner discussion.

    Throughout the evening, we’d enjoy a blend of classical and traditional Mexican music, creating an atmosphere where these great minds could share their stories, inspirations, and creative processes, making for an unforgettable night of artistic exchange.

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Ashmita Dutta
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Ashmita DuttaBegginer
Asked: September 19, 2024In:
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Talk about how religion and ethics interact to create society norms and values.

upsc: religion & philosophy
  1. Esha Borah
    Esha Borah Begginer

    The interplay between religion and ethics is a crucial factor in shaping societal norms and values across cultures. Here’s a discussion of how this relationship manifests: 1. Foundation of Ethical Systems Moral Frameworks: Many religious traditions provide foundational ethical principles that guideRead more

    The interplay between religion and ethics is a crucial factor in shaping societal norms and values across cultures. Here’s a discussion of how this relationship manifests:

    1. Foundation of Ethical Systems

    • Moral Frameworks: Many religious traditions provide foundational ethical principles that guide behavior. For instance, the Ten Commandments in Judaism and Christianity outline moral imperatives, while the Five Pillars of Islam establish duties that promote ethical conduct.
    • Philosophical Underpinnings: Religious teachings often incorporate philosophical ideas about right and wrong, influencing ethical theories. For example, the concept of dharma in Hinduism emphasizes duty and righteousness, shaping ethical norms within society.

    2. Influence on Laws and Governance

    • Legal Systems: In many societies, religious principles have historically informed legal frameworks. For example, Sharia law in Islamic contexts is derived from the Quran and Hadith, guiding both personal conduct and legal matters.
    • Human Rights: The interplay between religious ethics and modern human rights discourse illustrates how religious values can influence societal norms. Many human rights principles, such as the inherent dignity of every person, resonate with religious teachings on compassion and respect.

    3. Social Cohesion and Identity

    • Shared Values: Religion often fosters a sense of community through shared values and ethical norms. This communal aspect can strengthen social bonds and create a collective identity, reinforcing societal cohesion.
    • Rituals and Traditions: Religious rituals and traditions often embody ethical teachings, reinforcing moral values within communities. These practices help transmit ethical norms across generations, embedding them into the social fabric.

    4. Challenges and Conflicts

    • Moral Disagreements: Different religious traditions can lead to divergent ethical perspectives, sometimes resulting in conflicts. Debates over issues such as abortion, euthanasia, and LGBTQ+ rights illustrate how varying religious beliefs shape ethical discussions in society.
    • Secularization: In increasingly secular societies, the role of religion in shaping ethics may diminish. This shift can lead to new ethical frameworks that prioritize humanistic or utilitarian principles over traditional religious teachings, impacting societal norms.

    5. Ethics Beyond Religion

    • Secular Ethics: Many ethical systems, such as consequentialism and deontology, arise independently of religious frameworks. Philosophers like Kant and Mill offer moral theories that challenge or complement religious ethics, influencing contemporary discussions on morality.
    • Interfaith Dialogue: Engagement between different religious traditions can lead to shared ethical values, promoting cooperation on social issues. Interfaith dialogues often reveal common ground on moral principles, fostering mutual respect and understanding.

    6. Social Justice and Activism

    • Religious Motivation for Social Change: Many social movements have been inspired by religious ethics, advocating for justice, equality, and compassion. Figures like Martin Luther King Jr. drew on Christian teachings to challenge social injustices, demonstrating the powerful role of religious ethics in societal change.
    • Global Ethical Challenges: Issues like climate change and poverty often see religious groups mobilizing around ethical imperatives to address societal challenges. Faith-based organizations frequently engage in humanitarian efforts, driven by ethical teachings about stewardship and compassion.

    Conclusion

    The interplay between religion and ethics significantly shapes societal norms and values, influencing legal systems, community cohesion, and social justice movements. While religious teachings provide a foundation for many ethical frameworks, contemporary ethical discussions also incorporate secular perspectives, reflecting the evolving nature of morality in society. Understanding this dynamic relationship is essential for fostering dialogue and cooperation in increasingly pluralistic and diverse societies.

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Barsha R. Mishra
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Barsha R. MishraBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In: ,
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  1. Linette Shoji
    Linette Shoji Begginer

    Frida Kahlo, Georgia O'Keeffe, and Maya Angelou were iconic artists who made significant contributions to their respective fields, and their identities and experiences as women were integral to their artistic expressions. Frida Kahlo, the renowned Mexican painter, used her art as a means of explorinRead more

    Frida Kahlo, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Maya Angelou were iconic artists who made significant contributions to their respective fields, and their identities and experiences as women were integral to their artistic expressions.

    Frida Kahlo, the renowned Mexican painter, used her art as a means of exploring and expressing her personal experiences, including her physical and emotional pain, her tumultuous relationship with her husband Diego Rivera, and her revolutionary political views. Her self-portraits and surrealistic paintings often incorporated elements of her indigenous Mexican heritage, as well as themes of femininity, sexuality, and the complexities of the female experience.

    Georgia O’Keeffe, a pioneer of American modernism, is renowned for her bold and innovative paintings of flowers, landscapes, and natural forms. Her artwork, characterized by a strong, minimalist aesthetic, was heavily influenced by her experiences as a woman living in the American Southwest. Her paintings often celebrated the beauty and power of the female form, challenging the traditional male gaze in the art world.

    Maya Angelou, the acclaimed poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist, used her writing to give voice to the experiences of marginalized communities, particularly women of color. Her powerful, lyrical poems and autobiographical works explored themes of identity, resilience, and the transformative power of human connection, often drawing inspiration from her own life experiences as a woman navigating the challenges of race and gender.

    These three artists, each in their own unique way, used their art to challenge societal norms, celebrate their identities, and inspire generations of women to come.

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Shubhangi
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ShubhangiBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
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How can literature be made more impact full than social media, if possible?

  1. Clement Nayak
    Clement Nayak Begginer

    Literature and Social Media both serve different functions in society and both are critical in their formats. In today's world where social media has become extremely important and relevant for individuals, Literature which was once the flag bearer of entertainment and information still stands stronRead more

    Literature and Social Media both serve different functions in society and both are critical in their formats. In today’s world where social media has become extremely important and relevant for individuals, Literature which was once the flag bearer of entertainment and information still stands strong in hardcore readers’ minds.

    To understand how literature can be made more impactful than social media, we first have to understand, how social media works and why it occupies people’s minds strongly. Social media holds the audience mind psychologically to keep them hooked into a space (app) for long periods of time. With the individual creators who are mostly everyday people, create relevant content and the accessibility of these hooks people’s minds. The accessibility to “relevant” content  anytime, anywhere, people have nowhere to go to. Besides, the decline in audience’s attention span is also a key factor to note when leveraging literature over social media.

    Now coming to how can Literature have an upper hand in that, people will first have to shift their focus from regular content to literature. It can be challenging and time consuming too, because literature is deep, informative and depending on the category it could also be challenging. Non-fiction works like “Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” by Yuval Noah Harari and “The Sixth Extinction” by Elizabeth Kolbert, encourage readers for critical thinking. Literary works such as “1984” by George Orwell or “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley use nuanced storytelling to explore dystopian futures and critique societal trends. These narratives provide insightful commentary on human behavior and social structures, offering readers thought-provoking content that can inspire change.

    Book clubs and literary societies, both online and offline, create communities centered around reading and discussing literature. These communities can cultivate a shared culture of critical thinking and thoughtful dialogue, offering a counterbalance to the often rapid and polarized exchanges on social media.

    We can further enlarge the group by promoting reading from an early age and also combining literature with other media forms such as, podcasts, interactive websites, anime, films, etc.

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Upnoor Kaur
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Upnoor KaurBegginer
Asked: September 2, 2024In: ,
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bordershomehomelandmemorymigrationpartitionquestiontrauma
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    The understanding of 'home' in Partition stories is as near to religiosity and ideological affinity, based on emotions and cultural associations which human beings have with their region, community and identity-sponsor as the physical house. Most people forgot their old social and cultural bondage tRead more

    The understanding of ‘home’ in Partition stories is as near to religiosity and ideological affinity, based on emotions and cultural associations which human beings have with their region, community and identity-sponsor as the physical house. Most people forgot their old social and cultural bondage that day when the 1947 India Partition took place, and millions were compelled to leave their homes. Partition literature unfolds the kind of loss by showing how ‘home’, what was once a heaven, turns out to be a space of division, alienation and in many cases remembrance.

    Themes in the Concept of “Home” in Partition Literature
    Loss and Displacement
    There is paradigmatic dramatization of how dislocation affects people by presenting a paradigmatic example of how they are stripped off all that is familiar. The authors describe, indeed rather pain-fully, how the house becomes a place inhabited by strangers…a home becomes a source of suffering. So, the old notion of home as a stable, steady, and secure location to which one returns at the end of the day shifts and changes with the uns secure and perpetually on the move.

    Memory and Nostalgia
    For many Partition witnesses, the home was left behind – and it is a place of memory and desire. Most of the literature under discussion idealizes the life that was leading pre partition and searching for the lost homeland. Shmo aims at the construct of a physical house that everyone can go back to, which however is merely an imprint in the writers’ head.

    Identity and Belonging
    Home’ as Opiah maintains is often tied with identity in Partition literature. Famine, war and the demands of new homes that have to be built affects characters’ identity in the works. Many authors talk about how, in the line after Partition, individuals try to shear new existence and how memories of the original home serve both as a source of solace, a refuge and a constant reminder of a fractured entity.

    Division and Alienation
    A family is being driven apart; one community is being split away from another, an ideology of home is division; interreligious political discourses which are prevalent during this time narrate more about the ways in which shared homes and neighborhoods were being divided and people regarded the other as stranger.  It brings about some sense of dislocation not only by the physical home but from the neighbors, friends, and loved ones left behind as well.

    Survival and Resilience
    However, the comprehension of Partition literature also encompasses tales of human potential in endurance. The description of fire and the broken walls and homes and the ability to construct something anew helps to comprehend the character of people’s instinct for survival. Although the meaning of ‘home’ is changing and getting rebuilt, the passion for new grounds is a testament for surviving.

    Examples of some partition literature include:
    Hopes for the survival of Train to Pakistan by Khushwant Singh, Amrita Pritam’s Pinjar and Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas elaborate these features. These writers build an interface through different characters to express how people bear the separate loss of homes and selfhood, representing the residual pain and suffering trough the Partition.

    Partition literature, therefore, employs a fairly conservative concept of ‘home’ as an emblem to comment on displacement, memory, self & survival at one of the worst acts of human history. Through these stories, the reader is afforded the opportunity to think upon the interrelation of home, self, and community and that ‘home’, like the self, is as much a condition as it is a house.

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