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Home/upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Reena Bhatt
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Reena BhattBegginer
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define international aid and its purpose. Briefly mention the importance of ethics in the context of international aid. Body Ethical Foundations of International Aid: Humanitarian Assistance: Altruism: Explain the principle of altruism in international aid with the example of the 2004 Indian ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction International aid is a widely accepted mechanism for assisting resource-challenged nations. A notable example is India’s contribution of nearly INR 96 crore to Nepal for post-earthquake assistance in 2015. However, the ethics surrounding international aid have gained prominRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    International aid is a widely accepted mechanism for assisting resource-challenged nations. A notable example is India’s contribution of nearly INR 96 crore to Nepal for post-earthquake assistance in 2015. However, the ethics surrounding international aid have gained prominence, as ensuring that aid is delivered and utilized ethically is crucial for its effectiveness and the well-being of recipient nations.

    Ethical Foundations of International Aid

    Humanitarian Assistance

    • Altruism: Altruism is a fundamental ethical principle in international aid, emphasizing selfless concern for the welfare of others. The global response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami exemplifies this altruistic approach.
    • Global Solidarity: This principle underscores the shared responsibility of the international community in assisting nations facing challenges. The establishment of COVAX for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines is a prime example of global solidarity in action.

    Developmental Assistance

    • Capacity Building: This ethical foundation focuses on empowering nations to become self-sufficient and resilient. The Marshall Plan post-World War II is a historical example that aimed at the long-term recovery of Europe.
    • Education and Health: Enhancing education and healthcare is a critical ethical imperative in international aid. Organizations like UNICEF promote education, while the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation significantly contributes to global healthcare improvements.
    • Ecological Sustainability: With increasing environmental concerns, international aid now often includes projects aimed at sustainable development. The Green Climate Fund supports initiatives that mitigate climate change impacts in vulnerable countries.

    Ethical Issues and Criticisms

    • Conditional Aid: International aid is often criticized for being influenced by political motives rather than purely humanitarian needs. For instance, U.S. aid to Central American countries has been accused of prioritizing political interests over the welfare of recipients.
    • Economic Dependencies: Some forms of aid have inadvertently created economic dependencies. Haiti, despite receiving substantial aid, continues to struggle economically, highlighting increased reliance on external assistance.
    • Corruption: The inequitable distribution of aid can lead to corruption, where funds intended for relief are misappropriated. The 2010 earthquake relief efforts in Haiti faced significant corruption issues that hindered effective aid distribution.
    • Armed Conflicts: Aid can sometimes be misused to fuel armed conflicts, inadvertently supporting warring factions instead of benefiting affected populations, raising serious ethical concerns.

    Conclusion

    The ethical dimensions of international aid are complex and multifaceted, necessitating a balance between noble intentions and potential pitfalls. This balance is essential to ensure that international aid effectively serves its intended purpose while upholding principles of fairness, compassion, and global environmental responsibility.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 29, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define National Interest: Briefly explain the concept of promoting national interests in international relations. Highlight the Problem: Discuss how this approach can lead to conflicts and tensions between nations. Introduce Ethical Considerations: Explain how ethical principles can provide ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The pursuit of national interests often leads to conflicts and tensions between nations. However, ethical considerations can play a crucial role in alleviating these tensions by fostering mutual respect, fairness, and cooperation. Principles such as the golden rule—treatingRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The pursuit of national interests often leads to conflicts and tensions between nations. However, ethical considerations can play a crucial role in alleviating these tensions by fostering mutual respect, fairness, and cooperation. Principles such as the golden rule—treating others as one wishes to be treated—can create a culture that respects the interests of all nations.

    Body

    United Nations (UN)

    The UN promotes peace, justice, and cooperation through its Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. An example of its ethical approach is the mediation of the Camp David Accords in 1978 between Egypt and Israel, which showcased the UN’s commitment to peaceful conflict resolution (United Nations, 1978).

    World Trade Organization (WTO)

    The WTO advocates for fair trade practices, nondiscrimination, and transparency. Its Dispute Settlement Mechanism is an ethical framework that resolves trade conflicts by applying principles of fairness. This mechanism has successfully addressed disputes, such as the U.S.-EU beef hormone dispute, demonstrating its role in reducing international tensions (World Trade Organization, 2008).

    International Court of Justice (ICJ)

    The ICJ serves as the principal judicial organ of the UN, applying international law to promote justice. A notable example is the 2002 ruling on the territorial dispute between India and Pakistan regarding the Vienna Convention, which provided a platform for peaceful resolution and upheld principles of fairness and respect for international law (International Court of Justice, 2002).

    International Criminal Court (ICC)

    The ICC investigates war crimes and crimes against humanity, emphasizing accountability and justice. The arrest warrant against Sudan’s President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes exemplifies the ICC’s commitment to ethical standards, contributing to conflict resolution by holding individuals accountable for their actions (International Criminal Court, 2010).

    UNESCO

    UNESCO promotes cultural diversity and dialogue among nations. Its World Heritage Sites program encourages preservation efforts, fostering respect and cooperation while mitigating tensions related to cultural differences.

    Conclusion

    By embracing ethical principles such as fairness and human rights, nations can collaborate to reduce tensions and build a more peaceful world. Ethical considerations are essential for promoting inclusive growth and sustainable international relations.

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Dua Mohanti
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Dua MohantiBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
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Talk about the different ethical problems that can occur when a medical research project with foreign funding carries out research in underdeveloped nations. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Bhairavi Gauatam
    Bhairavi Gauatam Begginer

    Medical and scientific research is essential for improving global health, health equity, and economic development. With the widening of the globalization process, these researches are now cross- national and cross-cultural. Foreign-funded research in developing countries may sometimes be altruisticRead more

    Medical and scientific research is essential for improving global health, health equity, and economic development. With the widening of the globalization process, these researches are now cross- national and cross-cultural.
    Foreign-funded research in developing countries may sometimes be altruistic in nature, but largely it is guided by the economic interests and academic pursuits that may or may not reflect the interests of the host country.
    In this regard, various ethical considerations arise, such as:

    • Ethical Issues in clinical trials: Lack of informed consent from local people, unequal distribution of risks and benefits, lack of technology and knowledge transfer and exploitation of vulnerable populations are significantly visible.
    • The potential vulnerability of the local teams: Local research teams and Ethics Review Committees might find it difficult to challenge the study design or the proposed research methodologies from an ethical perspective, especially if financial investments are expected to improve the local research infrastructure.
    • Non-universal nature of ethical standards: The regulations, standards of care, consent procedures, and cultural expectations differ among countries. Thus, ensuring the same ethical standards across jurisdictions becomes a difficult task for regulators.
    • Difficulty in monitoring research projects: Due to meagre resources and infrastructure constraints, it may be difficult for developing countries to effectively monitor research projects.
    • Responsiveness to the local needs and benefit sharing: Medical research projects do not necessarily meet the needs of the local people whereas the risks associated with such medical research fall on them and benefit sharing is seldom equitable.
    • Data protection: Research study data collection, handling, processing, storage, and protection should be done in accordance with the local legislation that not only ensures data integrity but also ensures privacy.
    • Absence of a robust Ethical Review Mechanism: Currently, the ethics review mechanism is not present in all countries. An effective system for the ethical review of research, which includes the establishment and maintenance of research ethics committees, independent of government and sponsors, is lacking and needs to be developed.
    • Non-Adherence to ethics guidelines: At most times, global search ethics guidelines such as the Helsinki Declaration, the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Guidelines, and the Guidance on Good Clinical Practice are not adhered to while conducting medical research.

    Thus, measures are required to ensure that ethical medical research is promoted, which is also beneficial to the local country. An ethical framework based on principles of duty to alleviate suffering, to show respect for human beings, to be sensitive to cultural differences, and to not exploit the vulnerable, can go a long way in benefiting all the stakeholders of foreign-funded medical research in developing countries.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 26, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Purpose: Introduce the significance of the concept of the “will to power” in international relations. Thesis Statement: While the will to power is an inherent aspect of states’ behavior, it can be moderated through rationality and ethical ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The statement “The will to power exists, but it can be tamed and guided by rationality and principles of moral duty” highlights the inherent tension between the pursuit of power and the necessity for ethical considerations in international relations. This duality is particuRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The statement “The will to power exists, but it can be tamed and guided by rationality and principles of moral duty” highlights the inherent tension between the pursuit of power and the necessity for ethical considerations in international relations. This duality is particularly evident in India’s foreign policy and diplomatic engagements.

    Power and Diplomacy

    India’s foreign policy exemplifies a rational approach tempered by moral duty. For instance, India has played a significant role as a mediator in international disputes, such as the peace process between Sri Lanka and Tamil separatists. This involvement illustrates how the pursuit of power can be guided by a commitment to rationality and ethical considerations, aiming for sustainable peace rather than mere dominance (Kumar, 2020).

    Non-Alignment Movement

    India’s founding participation in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) underscores its dedication to an independent foreign policy based on principles of moral duty. NAM advocates for peaceful coexistence and mutual respect, allowing India to navigate power dynamics without aligning with major blocs, thus demonstrating rationality in its diplomatic approach (Chatterjee, 2019).

    Global Governance and Human Rights

    India’s active engagement in global governance institutions, such as the United Nations, reflects its commitment to rationality and moral duty. Through initiatives promoting human rights and sustainable development, India seeks to align its power with ethical principles, showcasing its belief in responsible state behavior (Dutta, 2021).

    Strategic Partnerships

    India’s strategic partnerships with countries like the United States, Japan, and Australia illustrate a balance between power and shared values. These partnerships are designed to foster economic cooperation and regional stability, emphasizing how power can be guided by rationality and mutual interests (Sharma, 2022).

    Conflict Resolution

    India’s involvement in conflict resolution, such as its engagement with the Taliban and the Afghan government, highlights its commitment to taming power through diplomatic means. By facilitating dialogue, India recognizes the importance of peaceful solutions, reinforcing the notion that ethical considerations can guide the exercise of power (Mehta, 2020).

    Conclusion

    The tension between the pursuit of power and ethical considerations is a defining feature of international relations. While the will to power may be a fundamental aspect of state behavior, it is the ability to temper and guide it with principles of rationality and moral duty that will ultimately determine global stability and peace.

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Vishal Singh
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Vishal SinghBegginer
Asked: June 25, 2024In:
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States frequently disregard moral principles and the directives of these organizations in favor of their own interests, despite the fact that there are numerous institutions in place to guarantee justice in international relations. Talk about it with examples. (Answer in ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Khushi
    Khushi Begginer

    The pursuit of national interests often leads states to disregard moral values and ignore the directives of international institutions. For instance, the United States' invasion of Iraq in 2003 violated international law and the UN Charter, yet it proceeded with the intervention to secure its strateRead more

    The pursuit of national interests often leads states to disregard moral values and ignore the directives of international institutions. For instance, the United States’ invasion of Iraq in 2003 violated international law and the UN Charter, yet it proceeded with the intervention to secure its strategic interests. Similarly, Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 breached international law and the Helsinki Final Act, but it prioritized its geopolitical interests over moral and legal obligations. China’s actions in the South China Sea, such as building artificial islands and militarizing them, also contravene international law and the rulings of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. These examples illustrate how states often prioritize their own interests over moral principles and international institutions’ directives, undermining global governance and the rule of law. This highlights the need for stronger mechanisms to hold states accountable for their actions and ensure compliance with international norms and institutions.

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Adheesh Raman
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Adheesh RamanLearner
Asked: February 18, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Contextual Background: Introduce the quote and its significance in the current global landscape of conflict and peace. Thesis Statement: Highlight the ethical dilemma faced by powerful nations due to their economic interests in the arms industry versus their ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The quote, “It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it,” underscores the ethical responsibilities of powerful nations in the context of ongoing global conflicts. These nations often grapple withRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The quote, “It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it,” underscores the ethical responsibilities of powerful nations in the context of ongoing global conflicts. These nations often grapple with the conflict between their economic interests, particularly in the arms industry, and their moral obligation to promote peace.

    Genuine Belief and Action

    To foster lasting peace, nations must not only advocate for it but also take concrete actions. The United Nations’ peacekeeping missions exemplify a commitment to stabilizing conflict zones, demonstrating how belief in peace can manifest through active involvement (Source: United Nations Peacekeeping).

    Economic Interests vs. Moral Responsibility

    Powerful nations often prioritize economic gains from the arms industry over genuine peace efforts. For instance, the U.S. arms industry has reportedly profited significantly from conflicts in the Middle East, particularly during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (Source: The Guardian). This profit-driven approach contributes to prolonged violence rather than resolution.

    Lobbying and Influence

    The influence of arms manufacturers in shaping foreign policy often leads to prolonged conflicts. For example, the supply of arms to non-state actors in Syria and Yemen has exacerbated civil wars and humanitarian crises (Source: Amnesty International). Such practices highlight the ethical dilemma faced by nations regarding their role in fostering instability.

    Ethical Responsibilities

    1. Respect for Sovereignty: Nations must adhere to the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention, refraining from military actions for economic gain. India’s non-intervention policy serves as a model of ethical diplomacy (Source: Ministry of External Affairs, India).
    2. Diplomatic Engagements: Countries should prioritize diplomatic efforts over arms sales to resolve conflicts.
    3. Transparency in Arms Trading: Committing to transparent arms trading practices, such as those outlined in the Arms Trade Treaty, can mitigate the misuse of weapons (Source: Arms Trade Treaty).
    4. Stringent Export Controls: Implementing strict export controls ensures that arms do not reach conflict zones, thus reducing violence.
    5. Support for Peace Efforts: Powerful nations should actively contribute to and fund international peace initiatives instead of profiting from warfare.

    Conclusion

    To genuinely address ongoing conflicts, powerful nations must reconcile their economic interests with their ethical responsibilities. Advocacy for peace must be accompanied by tangible actions, responsible arms trading, and active support for diplomatic solutions. Peace requires sustained commitment from all stakeholders, moving beyond mere rhetoric to impactful action.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction: Contextual Overview Brief Introduction: Mention the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and its duration (seven months). Purpose: State the need to explore the ethical issues arising from the conflict and the actions of different countries. 2. Body: Ethical Issues in ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has raised significant ethical concerns as it enters its seventh month. The war has resulted in a devastating humanitarian crisis, prompting various countries to take independent stances based on their national interests. It iRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has raised significant ethical concerns as it enters its seventh month. The war has resulted in a devastating humanitarian crisis, prompting various countries to take independent stances based on their national interests. It is essential to explore the ethical issues associated with both the launch and continuation of this war.

    Ethical Issues Involved in the Russia-Ukraine War

    1. Principle of Non-Intervention
      • This principle prohibits states from interfering in the internal affairs of other nations. While some argue that intervention is justified to protect human rights, it can also undermine a nation’s sovereignty. For example, Western nations’ military aid to Ukraine raises questions about the legitimacy of intervention in a sovereign conflict.
    2. Principle of Proportionality
      • Proportionality requires that military actions must not cause excessive harm to civilians compared to the military advantage gained. Reports of civilian casualties and destruction of infrastructure in Ukraine have raised concerns about whether Russia’s military actions are proportionate to their objectives.
    3. Principle of Discrimination
      • This principle mandates that military force should only target legitimate military objectives, avoiding civilian harm. Allegations of indiscriminate attacks on residential areas and hospitals have surfaced, leading to significant civilian casualties and damage to essential services.
    4. Impact on Human Rights and Humanitarian Situation
      • The conflict has resulted in the displacement of over 7 million people, with many facing human rights abuses, including arbitrary detention and torture. The humanitarian crisis intensifies ethical concerns regarding the treatment of affected populations.
    5. Economic and Environmental Consequences
      • The war has disrupted trade and caused environmental damage, including oil spills. These factors pose long-term ethical questions about accountability and the responsibility to mitigate environmental harm.

    Conclusion

    The Russia-Ukraine conflict exemplifies numerous ethical issues related to the use of force, human rights violations, and humanitarian crises. Addressing these ethical concerns is crucial for all parties involved to work towards a peaceful resolution that respects human rights and safeguards civilian lives.

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Adheesh Raman
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Adheesh RamanLearner
Asked: February 11, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the significance of foreign-funded medical research in developing countries. State that while some motivations may be altruistic, ethical challenges frequently arise. 2. Ethical Challenge 1: Informed Consent Discuss the issue of obtaining informed consent from local populations. Fact: ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Ethical Challenges in Foreign-Funded Medical Research in Developing Countries Foreign-funded medical research in developing countries presents several ethical challenges that can undermine the integrity and fairness of such studies. 1. Informed Consent Issues One of the primary ethicalRead more

    Model Answer

    Ethical Challenges in Foreign-Funded Medical Research in Developing Countries

    Foreign-funded medical research in developing countries presents several ethical challenges that can undermine the integrity and fairness of such studies.

    1. Informed Consent Issues

    One of the primary ethical concerns is the lack of informed consent from local populations. Often, participants may not fully understand the risks involved or the nature of the study, leading to exploitation.

    2. Unequal Distribution of Risks and Benefits

    There is frequently an imbalance in how risks and benefits are distributed. Local communities may bear the risks associated with the research, while the benefits, such as new treatments or technologies, are often directed elsewhere.

    3. Vulnerability of Local Teams

    Local research teams may feel pressured to accept unethical study designs due to reliance on foreign funding for their infrastructure development. This creates a conflict of interest that can compromise ethical standards.

    4. Non-Universal Ethical Standards

    Different countries have varying ethical standards and regulations, making it challenging to maintain uniformity in ethical practices. This disparity can lead to ethical lapses in research conducted in developing countries.

    5. Monitoring Difficulties

    Limited resources in developing nations often hinder effective monitoring of research projects, increasing the risk of unethical practices going unchecked.

    6. Data Protection Concerns

    Research data must be handled in accordance with local laws to ensure privacy and data integrity. However, this is often overlooked, leading to potential misuse of sensitive information.

    Conclusion

    These ethical challenges highlight the need for a robust ethical framework that respects local populations, ensures informed consent, and promotes equitable benefit-sharing. By addressing these issues, foreign-funded medical research can be more ethical and beneficial to developing countries.

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Adheesh Raman
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Adheesh RamanLearner
Asked: February 11, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the existence of international institutions (e.g., UN, WTO) aimed at ensuring fairness in international relations. Mention that despite these institutions, states often prioritize their own interests over moral values. 2. Reason 1: Sense of Insecurity Discuss how ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Disregard for Moral Values in International Relations Despite the existence of various institutions designed to ensure fairness in international relations, states often prioritize their own interests over moral values. 1. Sense of Insecurity Countries frequently act on the basis of mutuRead more

    Model Answer

    Disregard for Moral Values in International Relations

    Despite the existence of various institutions designed to ensure fairness in international relations, states often prioritize their own interests over moral values.

    1. Sense of Insecurity

    Countries frequently act on the basis of mutual distrust and insecurity. For example, despite commitments to non-violence, nations like North Korea pursue nuclear weapons, undermining global peace efforts.

    2. Just War Theory

    The ethical considerations surrounding warfare often lead to moral dilemmas. The U.S. decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II is an example where the justification of military action conflicted with humanitarian principles.

    3. Regional Supremacy Aspirations

    Nations often engage in practices that undermine fairness for regional dominance. China’s support for Pakistan through arms funding and opposition to sanctions illustrates how strategic partnerships can prioritize national interests over ethical considerations.

    4. Colonial Hangover

    Despite advocating for territorial sovereignty, countries may interfere in others’ affairs. The British Parliament’s discussions regarding the abrogation of Article 370 in India exemplify this contradiction.

    5. Distributive Justice

    Developed nations, primarily responsible for climate change, often fail to take equitable responsibility in mitigation efforts, highlighting a disregard for collective justice.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, while institutions exist to promote fairness, states frequently disregard these moral frameworks in pursuit of self-interest, leading to significant ethical challenges in global relations.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 27, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define International Relations: Briefly explain what international relations encompass—diplomatic, trade, and military interactions among nations. Thesis Statement: Introduce the three pillars of international relations: strength, peace, and security, highlighting their significance in maintaining global stability. 2. Body A. The ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction International relations encompass the interactions among nations, including diplomatic, economic, and military engagements. The effectiveness of these interactions is grounded in three fundamental pillars: strength, peace, and security. Each pillar plays a critical role inRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    International relations encompass the interactions among nations, including diplomatic, economic, and military engagements. The effectiveness of these interactions is grounded in three fundamental pillars: strength, peace, and security. Each pillar plays a critical role in shaping the dynamics of global relations and ensuring a stable international environment.

    Body

    1. Strength

    Strength refers to a nation’s capability to protect its interests, maintain sovereignty, and project power globally. This can be manifested through military, economic, and diplomatic means.

    • Example: The United States is often regarded as a superpower, bolstered by its military might and economic influence, which allows it to shape global policies and alliances.
    • Example: China’s rapid economic growth has positioned it as a significant global player, enabling it to exert influence in international affairs, such as through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (World Bank, 2021).
    • Example: The United Kingdom’s nuclear capabilities and military alliances, particularly with the U.S. through NATO, enhance its global standing and influence.

    2. Peace

    Peace represents the absence of conflict and the presence of cooperation and stability among nations. It is often achieved through diplomatic efforts, international law, and conflict resolution mechanisms.

    • Example: The United Nations has facilitated the peace process between Israel and Palestine, aiming to resolve ongoing tensions and promote lasting peace (UN Resolution 242, 1967).
    • Example: The Good Friday Agreement successfully ended the conflict in Northern Ireland, marking a significant achievement in peacebuilding (BBC, 1998).
    • Example: The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal, seeks to mitigate nuclear proliferation and reduce tensions between Iran and the international community (European Union, 2015).

    3. Security

    Security involves protecting a nation’s populace, territory, and interests from both internal and external threats. This can be achieved through military alliances, intelligence operations, and law enforcement.

    • Example: NATO was established to provide collective security against potential aggressors, exemplifying the importance of military alliances in ensuring national safety (NATO, 1949).
    • Example: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are deployed in conflict zones, such as South Sudan, to maintain peace and stability, demonstrating a commitment to global security (UN Peacekeeping, 2021).

    Conclusion

    The pillars of strength, peace, and security are interrelated and essential for fostering stable international relations. Strong nations are better equipped to contribute to global peace and security, while peaceful and secure nations can leverage their stability to promote strength and cooperation. As global interdependence increases, nations must collaborate to address common challenges, reinforcing these pillars to enhance mutual benefit and global stability.

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