Model Answer

Introduction

The quote, “It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it,” underscores the ethical responsibilities of powerful nations in the context of ongoing global conflicts. These nations often grapple with the conflict between their economic interests, particularly in the arms industry, and their moral obligation to promote peace.

Genuine Belief and Action

To foster lasting peace, nations must not only advocate for it but also take concrete actions. The United Nations’ peacekeeping missions exemplify a commitment to stabilizing conflict zones, demonstrating how belief in peace can manifest through active involvement (Source: United Nations Peacekeeping).

Economic Interests vs. Moral Responsibility

Powerful nations often prioritize economic gains from the arms industry over genuine peace efforts. For instance, the U.S. arms industry has reportedly profited significantly from conflicts in the Middle East, particularly during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (Source: The Guardian). This profit-driven approach contributes to prolonged violence rather than resolution.

Lobbying and Influence

The influence of arms manufacturers in shaping foreign policy often leads to prolonged conflicts. For example, the supply of arms to non-state actors in Syria and Yemen has exacerbated civil wars and humanitarian crises (Source: Amnesty International). Such practices highlight the ethical dilemma faced by nations regarding their role in fostering instability.

Ethical Responsibilities

1. Respect for Sovereignty: Nations must adhere to the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention, refraining from military actions for economic gain. India’s non-intervention policy serves as a model of ethical diplomacy (Source: Ministry of External Affairs, India).
2. Diplomatic Engagements: Countries should prioritize diplomatic efforts over arms sales to resolve conflicts.
3. Transparency in Arms Trading: Committing to transparent arms trading practices, such as those outlined in the Arms Trade Treaty, can mitigate the misuse of weapons (Source: Arms Trade Treaty).
4. Stringent Export Controls: Implementing strict export controls ensures that arms do not reach conflict zones, thus reducing violence.
5. Support for Peace Efforts: Powerful nations should actively contribute to and fund international peace initiatives instead of profiting from warfare.

Conclusion

To genuinely address ongoing conflicts, powerful nations must reconcile their economic interests with their ethical responsibilities. Advocacy for peace must be accompanied by tangible actions, responsible arms trading, and active support for diplomatic solutions. Peace requires sustained commitment from all stakeholders, moving beyond mere rhetoric to impactful action.

Model Answer

Disregard for Moral Values in International Relations

Despite the existence of various institutions designed to ensure fairness in international relations, states often prioritize their own interests over moral values.

1. Sense of Insecurity

Countries frequently act on the basis of mutual distrust and insecurity. For example, despite commitments to non-violence, nations like North Korea pursue nuclear weapons, undermining global peace efforts.

2. Just War Theory

The ethical considerations surrounding warfare often lead to moral dilemmas. The U.S. decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II is an example where the justification of military action conflicted with humanitarian principles.

3. Regional Supremacy Aspirations

Nations often engage in practices that undermine fairness for regional dominance. China’s support for Pakistan through arms funding and opposition to sanctions illustrates how strategic partnerships can prioritize national interests over ethical considerations.

4. Colonial Hangover

Despite advocating for territorial sovereignty, countries may interfere in others’ affairs. The British Parliament’s discussions regarding the abrogation of Article 370 in India exemplify this contradiction.

5. Distributive Justice

Developed nations, primarily responsible for climate change, often fail to take equitable responsibility in mitigation efforts, highlighting a disregard for collective justice.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while institutions exist to promote fairness, states frequently disregard these moral frameworks in pursuit of self-interest, leading to significant ethical challenges in global relations.