Roadmap for Answer Writing To answer the question effectively, follow this structured roadmap: Introduction Define energy security in the context of India (uninterrupted availability of energy at affordable prices). Briefly mention India’s significant energy demands as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and energy ...
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Model Answer Challenges to India's Energy Security Policy-related Issues India struggles to attract substantial international investment in domestic hydrocarbon exploration. Notably, initiatives like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HERead more
Model Answer
Challenges to India’s Energy Security
India struggles to attract substantial international investment in domestic hydrocarbon exploration. Notably, initiatives like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) have not generated the anticipated interest from global energy players. Delays due to regulatory and environmental clearances further hinder coal mining and domestic energy production .
Over 80% of India’s energy needs rely on coal, oil, and natural gas, of which the country has limited domestic reserves. This dependency drives up the import bill, increases fuel subsidies, and worsens the Current Account Deficit (CAD), exposing the economy to price volatility in the global market .
In rural areas, biomass constitutes around 85-90% of primary fuel for cooking, posing health risks due to indoor air pollution. The lack of skilled labor and developed infrastructure impedes progress in making energy accessible across all regions (source: provided content).
Global political tensions, such as those between the USA and Iran, complicate India’s energy imports. These geopolitical dynamics force India to adjust its import strategy, as seen with reduced oil imports from Iran .
Measures Implemented for Energy Security
- Efficiency Enhancement Initiatives
- Strategic Petroleum Reserves
- Policy and Scenario Planning
- Energy Diplomacy and Accessibility
See lessIndia launched the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which conducts cost-benefit analyses on energy-efficient technologies across sectors. Additionally, BS VI vehicle fuel efficiency standards were introduced in 2020 to reduce emissions .
The establishment of strategic petroleum reserves under the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. aims to mitigate supply disruptions due to external crises, such as conflicts or natural disasters .
The India Energy Security Scenarios, 2047, launched by NITI Aayog, enables India to model future energy scenarios and prioritize renewable energy. India aims to source 50% of its energy from renewables by 2030.
The Indo-US Nuclear Deal enhances India’s nuclear energy capabilities. Programs like the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana promote clean cooking fuel in rural areas, and the PM KUSUM scheme supports solar irrigation. Additionally, “Energy Atmanirbharta” by 2040 aims to boost energy self-sufficiency