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Home/upsc: energy

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 20, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and their significance in India’s transition towards renewable energy. Mention the importance of ESS in supporting intermittent renewable sources like solar and wind, and stabilizing the grid. 2. Benefits of Energy Storage ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India is working towards incorporating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) into its power infrastructure to support its transition towards renewable energy. ESS are critical in managing intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, and ensuring grid stability. In August 2Read more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India is working towards incorporating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) into its power infrastructure to support its transition towards renewable energy. ESS are critical in managing intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, and ensuring grid stability. In August 2023, the Ministry of Power introduced the National Framework for Promoting ESS to boost their role in the country’s energy landscape.

    Benefits of Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

    1. Smoothing Renewable Energy Generation: ESS paired with renewable energy plants (solar and wind) can store excess energy during high generation periods and release it when generation is low. This reduces the intermittent nature of renewable energy, improving grid stability and increasing renewable energy use.
      • Example: ESS can store solar power during the day and release it at night when demand is higher.
    2. Peak Electricity Demand Shaving: By storing energy during off-peak periods, ESS can discharge energy during peak demand times, reducing the pressure on the grid and lowering electricity prices.
    3. Deferring Infrastructure Investments: ESS can be strategically located on the grid to manage localized demand, avoiding the need for costly new substations and transmission lines.
    4. Reducing Demand Charges: Commercial and industrial users can deploy on-site ESS to reduce their peak demand, which lowers demand charges typically incurred during high consumption periods.

    Government Policy Initiatives

    1. Legal Status to ESS: The Electricity (Amendment) Rules, 2022 have granted ESS legal recognition as part of the power system, facilitating integration into the energy infrastructure.
    2. Energy Storage Obligation (ESO): To ensure sufficient storage capacity, the government has set a long-term trajectory for ESO, aiming for around 82 GWh of storage by 2026-27, as outlined in the National Electricity Plan 2023.
    3. Waiver of Transmission Charges: The government has waived Inter-State Transmission System charges for ESS, promoting their use and integration into the national grid.
    4. Replacing Diesel Generators (DGs): The Electricity (Amendment) Rules, 2022 mandate that consumers using DG sets switch to renewable energy and storage systems, promoting cleaner alternatives.

    Conclusion

    ESS play a vital role in managing India’s transition to a renewable energy-driven economy. The government’s supportive policies, such as the legal recognition of ESS and incentivizing energy storage integration, will help achieve the country’s energy security and sustainability goals.

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Kumudini Lakhia
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Kumudini LakhiaEnthusiast
Asked: January 21, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Context: Start by providing a brief introduction to India’s energy transformation. Mention the current state of India’s energy sector and its ambitious goals for the future. Goal: Highlight India’s target of increasing its energy capacity, especially renewable energy, ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India's energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation: Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation RenewableRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India’s energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation:

    Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation

    1. Renewable Energy Focus:
      India’s commitment to renewable energy is at the core of its sustainable energy transformation. From 2014 to 2023, India’s cumulative renewable energy capacity surged from 35 GW to 174.53 GW, with a target of 500 GW by 2030. This growth highlights India’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and meeting global climate goals.
    2. Energy Efficiency:
      Energy efficiency is crucial for sustainability. The National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) promotes energy-efficient practices across sectors, reducing energy consumption while meeting growing demands.
    3. Research and Innovation:
      India is investing heavily in innovative energy solutions. For example, the Green Hydrogen Mission aims to develop green hydrogen as a clean energy storage solution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.

    Inclusivity of India’s Energy Transformation

    1. Gender Inclusivity:
      India’s energy transformation is also gender-inclusive, with policies addressing women’s unique needs. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which provides LPG connections to women, reduces health risks associated with traditional biomass fuels, empowering women and improving their quality of life.
    2. Equitable Energy Access:
      Ensuring equitable access to energy is vital for poverty alleviation. The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) aims to achieve universal household electrification, ensuring that no household is left behind in the energy transition.
    3. Community Engagement:
      Local communities are engaged through initiatives like the PM-Kusum scheme, which provides subsidies for solar irrigation pumps, and the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, which supports residential rooftop solar panel installation, creating grassroots participation in the energy transformation.

    Conclusion

    While India’s energy transformation is both sustainable and inclusive, challenges like high transmission losses and financing remain. However, continued policy commitment and investment are crucial for achieving long-term success.

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Hitesh Vyas
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Hitesh VyasBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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Examine and assess the government’s initiatives aimed at promoting energy conservation and efficiency, such as the Energy Conservation Building Code and the Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) program. Talk about how these programs have affected industrial competitiveness, reduced energy intensity, ...

upsc: energy
  1. Ansh Malhotra
    Ansh Malhotra Begginer

    Government Efforts to Promote Energy Efficiency and Conservation 1. Introduction to Energy Efficiency and Conservation Initiatives Energy efficiency and conservation are critical components of India's strategy to ensure sustainable economic growth while addressing environmental concerns. The governmRead more

    Government Efforts to Promote Energy Efficiency and Conservation

    1. Introduction to Energy Efficiency and Conservation Initiatives

    Energy efficiency and conservation are critical components of India’s strategy to ensure sustainable economic growth while addressing environmental concerns. The government has implemented several schemes and programs to promote these objectives, including the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) program and the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC). These initiatives aim to reduce energy intensity, enhance industrial competitiveness, and mitigate the environmental impact of the energy sector.

    2. Key Government Initiatives

    a. Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Program

    Overview: Launched in 2012 under the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE), the PAT program is a market-based mechanism designed to enhance energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries.
    Mechanism: The program sets energy consumption reduction targets for designated consumers, which include large industries and power plants. Achieving these targets earns them Energy Saving Certificates (ESCs), which can be traded with other entities that fail to meet their targets.
    Recent Example: As of 2023, the PAT program has successfully reduced energy consumption by approximately 9 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) across various sectors, contributing significantly to national energy savings.
    b. Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)

    Overview: The ECBC was introduced to establish minimum energy performance standards for new commercial buildings and major renovations. It aims to promote energy-efficient building designs and operations.
    Standards: The code covers aspects like building envelope, lighting, HVAC systems, and electrical systems to ensure that buildings consume less energy.
    Recent Example: States like Gujarat and Haryana have adopted the ECBC to drive energy-efficient construction practices. The implementation of ECBC standards has led to 30-40% reduction in energy consumption in new commercial buildings.
    3. Impact of Initiatives

    a. Reducing Energy Intensity

    PAT Program: By setting and achieving specific energy reduction targets, the PAT program has led to significant improvements in energy efficiency across various sectors. For instance, the program has helped in reducing the energy intensity of the industrial sector by optimizing processes and adopting energy-efficient technologies.
    ECBC: The adoption of ECBC in new buildings has resulted in lower energy consumption per square meter, thereby reducing the overall energy intensity of the commercial building sector.
    b. Improving Industrial Competitiveness

    PAT Program: The PAT program incentivizes industries to invest in energy-efficient technologies, leading to cost savings and improved competitiveness. Companies that achieve their energy reduction targets can gain a competitive edge by lowering operational costs and enhancing their market reputation.
    Example: Tata Steel and JSW Steel are notable examples of industries benefiting from PAT. They have implemented energy-saving measures that not only reduced costs but also improved their global competitiveness.
    c. Mitigating Environmental Impact

    PAT Program: By reducing energy consumption and promoting the use of cleaner technologies, the PAT program helps in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. This aligns with India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement.
    ECBC: Energy-efficient buildings contribute to lower energy demand, which reduces the reliance on fossil fuels and decreases carbon emissions. The ECBC’s emphasis on energy conservation supports broader environmental goals.
    4. Challenges and Areas for Improvement

    a. Implementation Gaps

    PAT Program: While the PAT program has been successful, some sectors face challenges in meeting their targets due to lack of awareness or financial constraints. There is a need for better support systems and guidance to help these sectors comply.
    ECBC: The implementation of ECBC is uneven across states, with some regions lacking the necessary infrastructure and regulatory support to enforce the code effectively.
    b. Financial Constraints

    Investment Requirements: Both PAT and ECBC require significant initial investments in energy-efficient technologies and infrastructure, which can be a barrier for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and less affluent regions.
    c. Technical Capacity

    Skill Gaps: Effective implementation of energy efficiency measures requires a skilled workforce and technical expertise, which may be lacking in certain areas.
    5. Conclusion

    The government’s initiatives like the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) program and the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) have made substantial contributions to improving energy efficiency, reducing energy intensity, enhancing industrial competitiveness, and mitigating environmental impacts. However, addressing implementation gaps, financial constraints, and technical capacity issues is essential for maximizing the impact of these initiatives and ensuring their widespread adoption and effectiveness. By continuing to support and refine these programs, India can advance its energy efficiency goals and contribute to sustainable development.

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Bhanu Chopra
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Bhanu ChopraBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine how India’s energy diplomacy, in particular its interactions with major gas and oil producers, might help secure dependable and reasonably priced energy supplies to meet the nation’s expanding energy needs. Additionally, consider the geopolitical and economic ramifications of these ...

upsc: energy
  1. Ansh Malhotra
    Ansh Malhotra Begginer

    Role of India's Energy Diplomacy in Securing Energy Supplies 1. Introduction to India's Energy Diplomacy India’s energy diplomacy plays a crucial role in securing reliable and affordable energy supplies to meet the country’s growing demand. Given India’s status as a major energy consumer with limiteRead more

    Role of India’s Energy Diplomacy in Securing Energy Supplies

    1. Introduction to India’s Energy Diplomacy

    India’s energy diplomacy plays a crucial role in securing reliable and affordable energy supplies to meet the country’s growing demand. Given India’s status as a major energy consumer with limited domestic reserves, it engages actively with major oil and gas producers to ensure a stable and diverse energy supply. This diplomacy involves forging strategic partnerships, investing in energy infrastructure, and navigating complex geopolitical landscapes.

    2. Key Aspects of India’s Energy Diplomacy

    a. Engagement with Major Oil and Gas Producers

    Strategic Partnerships: India has established strong bilateral relationships with key oil and gas-producing countries to secure energy supplies. This includes partnerships with Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
    Investment in Energy Assets: Indian companies have invested in oil and gas assets abroad to secure long-term supplies. For instance, ONGC Videsh has acquired stakes in oil fields in countries like Russia and Brazil.
    b. Diversification of Energy Sources

    Diversification Strategy: India seeks to diversify its energy sources to reduce dependency on any single country. This includes not only oil and gas but also investments in renewable energy and alternative fuels.
    Recent Example: The signing of a Strategic Partnership Agreement with the UAE for energy cooperation includes both traditional and renewable energy investments, showcasing India’s diversified approach.
    c. Energy Infrastructure and Logistics

    Infrastructure Development: India is involved in developing infrastructure that facilitates energy trade, such as pipelines and LNG terminals. Projects like the Chabahar Port in Iran and the Central Asia-South Asia (CASA-1000) power project are examples of this effort.
    Recent Example: The India-Mongolia Oil Pipeline project, which aims to enhance energy connectivity between India and Mongolia, is an example of strategic infrastructure investment.
    3. Geopolitical and Economic Implications

    a. Geopolitical Implications

    Influence in Global Energy Markets: By engaging with major producers, India enhances its influence in global energy markets. This helps India negotiate better terms and access energy supplies more effectively.
    Regional Stability: India’s partnerships with countries like Iran and Russia can impact regional geopolitics. For example, India’s investments in Iranian energy projects are affected by the broader geopolitical tensions involving Iran and Western nations.
    b. Economic Implications

    Energy Security: Strategic partnerships ensure a more secure and stable supply of energy, which is vital for India’s economic growth. Access to reliable energy sources helps stabilize domestic energy prices and supports industrial growth.
    Economic Growth: Investments in energy assets abroad and in energy infrastructure contribute to job creation and economic growth both domestically and internationally.
    4. Challenges and Strategic Considerations

    a. Geopolitical Tensions

    Sanctions and Trade Barriers: India’s engagement with countries under international sanctions, such as Iran, presents challenges. U.S. sanctions on Iran, for example, impact India’s ability to engage freely in Iranian energy markets.
    Example: The U.S.-Iran tensions and the resultant sanctions have affected Indian investments in Iranian oil fields and LNG projects.
    b. Price Volatility and Market Dynamics

    Oil Price Fluctuations: Global oil price volatility can impact the cost of energy imports and thus influence India’s energy security. India’s strategy includes managing price risks through long-term contracts and strategic reserves.
    Recent Example: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant fluctuations in oil prices, highlighting the need for India to have flexible and resilient energy procurement strategies.
    c. Environmental and Sustainability Concerns

    Transition to Renewable Energy: While securing fossil fuel supplies is important, India must balance this with its commitment to renewable energy and climate goals. Investments in fossil fuels should be aligned with long-term sustainability objectives.
    Example: India’s commitment to the Paris Agreement and its ambitious targets for renewable energy capacity underscore the need for a balanced approach to energy diplomacy.
    5. Conclusion

    India’s energy diplomacy is pivotal in securing reliable and affordable energy supplies to meet its growing demand. Through strategic partnerships with major oil and gas producers, investments in energy infrastructure, and diversification of energy sources, India aims to enhance its energy security and economic stability. However, navigating geopolitical tensions, managing economic implications, and aligning with sustainability goals are crucial for the effective implementation of its energy diplomacy. Balancing these factors will be key to ensuring a stable and secure energy future for India.

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Hitesh Vyas
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Hitesh VyasBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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Analyze the government’s approaches to addressing the issues of affordable and accessible energy, especially rural electrification and the supply of clean cooking options. Evaluate the effects of programs such as the Ujjwala Yojana and the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har ...

upsc: energy
  1. Abhinav Gupta
    Abhinav Gupta Begginer

    Ensuring energy access and affordability is crucial for the development and well-being of underserved communities in India. The government has implemented various strategies to address these challenges, focusing on rural electrification and clean cooking solutions. Two notable schemes are the PradhaRead more

    Ensuring energy access and affordability is crucial for the development and well-being of underserved communities in India. The government has implemented various strategies to address these challenges, focusing on rural electrification and clean cooking solutions. Two notable schemes are the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) and the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Here’s an examination of these strategies and their impact.

    Challenges in Energy Access and Affordability

    Rural Electrification: Despite significant progress, many rural areas in India still lack reliable access to electricity. This limits economic opportunities and affects the quality of life, including access to education and healthcare.

    Provision of Clean Cooking Solutions: Traditional cooking methods using biomass, such as wood and coal, pose health risks due to indoor air pollution and contribute to environmental degradation. Affordable and clean cooking solutions are essential for improving health outcomes and reducing the reliance on harmful fuels.

    Government Strategies and Schemes

    1. Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya)

    Objective: Launched in September 2017, Saubhagya aims to achieve universal household electrification by providing free electricity connections to all households in rural and underserved areas.

    Key Features:

    • Free Connections: Provides electricity connections without any upfront cost to the beneficiary.
    • Focus on Last-Mile Connectivity: Emphasizes reaching remote and unserved areas where traditional grid extension is challenging.

    Recent Example: As of 2023, the Saubhagya scheme has successfully provided electricity to over 28 million households across India, significantly improving access to power in rural areas. For example, the scheme has been instrumental in electrifying remote villages in states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

    Impact on Living Standards and Social Well-Being:

    • Improved Quality of Life: Access to electricity has enhanced living standards by enabling better lighting, access to information, and improved healthcare services.
    • Economic Opportunities: Electrification supports local businesses and small enterprises, contributing to economic development.

    2. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)

    Objective: Launched in May 2016, PMUY aims to provide clean cooking fuel (LPG) to poor households, replacing traditional biomass fuels. This initiative addresses health issues related to indoor air pollution and provides a safer and more efficient cooking method.

    Key Features:

    • Subsidized LPG Connections: Provides financial support for the initial cost of an LPG connection and the stove.
    • Focus on Vulnerable Groups: Targeted primarily at Below Poverty Line (BPL) households, with special emphasis on women and children.

    Recent Example: By early 2024, PMUY had successfully distributed over 90 million LPG connections across India. For instance, the scheme has been particularly impactful in states like Jharkhand and Odisha, where it has replaced traditional cooking methods in numerous households.

    Impact on Living Standards and Social Well-Being:

    • Health Benefits: Reducing reliance on biomass fuels has significantly decreased indoor air pollution, leading to better respiratory health and reduced mortality rates.
    • Economic Savings: LPG cooking is more efficient, leading to lower fuel costs and time savings for women who previously spent hours collecting biomass.

    Assessment of the Schemes

    Saubhagya and PMUY have made substantial contributions to improving energy access and affordability:

    • Increased Energy Access: Both schemes have expanded energy access to previously underserved populations, contributing to overall socio-economic development.
    • Enhanced Health and Safety: PMUY’s focus on clean cooking solutions has improved health outcomes by reducing exposure to indoor air pollutants.
    • Empowerment and Economic Growth: Saubhagya has supported economic activities in rural areas, while PMUY has empowered women by reducing their burden of collecting fuel and improving household safety.

    Challenges and Areas for Improvement:

    • Sustainable Maintenance: Ensuring the sustainability of these schemes requires addressing issues related to maintenance, supply chain management, and user training.
    • Integrated Approach: Combining energy access with other developmental initiatives, such as skill development and infrastructure improvements, can enhance the overall impact.

    Conclusion

    The government’s strategies, particularly through the Saubhagya and PMUY schemes, have significantly improved energy access and affordability for underserved communities in India. These initiatives have enhanced living standards, health outcomes, and economic opportunities. Continued focus on addressing challenges and integrating these schemes with broader development goals will be essential for achieving sustainable and inclusive growth.

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Hitesh Vyas
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Hitesh VyasBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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Examine the effects on the financial and operational performance of the power distribution companies (DISCOMs) and the implications for the overall efficiency and dependability of the nation’s electricity supply of the policies and initiatives of the government, such as the ...

upsc: energy
  1. Kamini g
    Kamini g Learner

    The Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) and amendments to the Electricity Act have been pivotal in reforming and improving the financial and operational performance of power distribution companies (DISCOMs) in India. Let's analyze their impact on DISCOMs and the implications for the efficiency andRead more

    The Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) and amendments to the Electricity Act have been pivotal in reforming and improving the financial and operational performance of power distribution companies (DISCOMs) in India. Let’s analyze their impact on DISCOMs and the implications for the efficiency and reliability of electricity supply in the country.

    Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY):

    1. Objectives and Components:

    • Financial Restructuring: UDAY aimed at addressing the financial health of DISCOMs by taking over a portion of their debt and restructuring the remaining debt with lower interest rates.
    • Operational Efficiency: Focus on reducing Aggregate Technical and commercial (AT&C) losses through operational improvements, metering upgrades, and energy efficiency measures.
    • Tariff Rationalization: Gradual adjustment of tariffs to reflect costs and reduce the gap between average cost of supply (ACS) and average revenue realized (ARR).

    2. Impact on DISCOMs:

    • Financial Health: UDAY initially alleviated financial stress by reducing interest burden and providing immediate relief from debt. However, sustained improvement requires DISCOMs to maintain operational efficiency and tariff rationalization.
    • Operational Efficiency: Some DISCOMs showed improvements in AT&C losses and collection efficiency due to enhanced metering and billing systems, infrastructure upgrades, and energy audit initiatives.
    • Tariff Rationalization: Gradual tariff adjustments under UDAY aimed at reducing revenue gaps helped in improving financial viability, although challenges remain in achieving cost reflective tariffs universally.

    Amendments to the Electricity Act:

    1. Key Amendments:

    • Promotion of Renewable Energy: Amendments focused on promoting renewable energy integration and encouraging DISCOMs to procure power from renewable sources through Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs).
    • Consumer Rights: Strengthening consumer rights by ensuring timely and accurate billing, grievance redressal mechanisms, and transparent tariff determination processes.
    • Market Reforms: Introducing provisions for open access, competitive bidding in procurement, and establishment of a Electricity Contract Enforcement Authority (ECEA) to enforce power purchase agreements (PPAs).

    2. Impact on DISCOMs:

    • Renewable Energy Integration: Amendments have encouraged DISCOMs to diversify their energy mix and procure cost-effective renewable power, contributing to sustainability goals.
    • Consumer Empowerment: Enhanced consumer rights provisions have improved service delivery standards and accountability of DISCOMs, leading to better customer satisfaction.
    • Market Dynamics: Market reforms aim to enhance competition, efficiency, and transparency in power procurement and distribution, benefiting DISCOMs through better cost management and operational efficiencies.

    Implications for Efficiency and Reliability of Electricity Supply:

    1. Efficiency:

    • Operational Improvements: UDAY and Electricity Act amendments have incentivized DISCOMs to invest in infrastructure upgrades, adopt technology-driven solutions, and improve management practices, thereby enhancing operational efficiency.
    • Financial Viability: Addressing financial health through UDAY and tariff rationalization measures has improved DISCOMs’ ability to invest in maintenance, upgrades, and expansion of distribution networks.

    2. Reliability:

    • Reduced AT&C Losses: Operational improvements under UDAY have contributed to reduced AT&C losses, which improves reliability of electricity supply by minimizing technical losses and ensuring accurate billing.
    • Renewable Integration: Promoting renewable energy through amendments enhances grid stability and reliability by diversifying energy sources and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

    Challenges and Future Considerations:

    • Sustainability of Reforms: The long-term sustainability of financial and operational improvements hinges on continued adherence to reforms, including tariff rationalization, operational efficiency measures, and compliance with renewable energy obligations.
    • Regulatory Environment: Ensuring effective implementation of regulatory provisions, transparent tariff setting mechanisms, and robust enforcement of compliance remains critical.
    • Technological Integration: Leveraging digital solutions and smart grid technologies can further enhance operational efficiency and reliability of electricity supply.

    Conclusion:

    UDAY and amendments to the Electricity Act have played significant roles in improving the financial and operational performance of DISCOMs in India. These reforms have enhanced efficiency, reduced losses, promoted renewable energy integration, and strengthened consumer rights. Continued focus on sustainable implementation, regulatory clarity, and technological advancements will be essential to further enhance the efficiency and reliability of electricity supply, supporting India’s economic growth and development goals in the long term.

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Bhanu Chopra
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Bhanu ChopraBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine how the government’s programs, like the National Hydrogen Mission and the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for solar PV manufacturing, are helping to integrate the Indian energy sector with global value chains and build domestic capabilities. Discuss the long-term effects ...

upsc: energy
  1. Abhinav Gupta
    Abhinav Gupta Begginer

    Role of Government Initiatives in Promoting Domestic Capabilities and Integration with Global Value Chains 1. National Hydrogen Mission Objective and Overview: The National Hydrogen Mission (NHM) was launched by the Indian government in 2021 with the aim of positioning India as a global leader in hyRead more

    Role of Government Initiatives in Promoting Domestic Capabilities and Integration with Global Value Chains

    1. National Hydrogen Mission

    Objective and Overview:
    The National Hydrogen Mission (NHM) was launched by the Indian government in 2021 with the aim of positioning India as a global leader in hydrogen production, particularly green hydrogen. This initiative focuses on developing sustainable hydrogen production, storage, and utilization technologies.

    Recent Examples and Achievements:

    • Green Hydrogen Policy (2022): The government has introduced the Green Hydrogen Policy to facilitate the production and utilization of green hydrogen. This policy offers incentives for renewable energy projects and aims to create a hydrogen production hub.
    • Public Sector Initiatives: Major public sector enterprises like NTPC and Indian Oil Corporation have begun investing in green hydrogen projects, such as NTPC’s plans to set up a green hydrogen plant in Assam and Indian Oil’s project in Punjab.

    Implications for Energy Security and Competitiveness:

    • Energy Security: By promoting green hydrogen, India aims to reduce its dependency on imported fossil fuels and diversify its energy sources, enhancing national energy security.
    • Competitiveness: Establishing a strong green hydrogen industry can position India as a key player in the global hydrogen economy, potentially leading to increased exports and technological advancements.

    2. Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Solar PV Manufacturing

    Objective and Overview:
    The PLI scheme for solar PV manufacturing was launched in 2021 to boost domestic production of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules. This initiative aims to reduce import dependency and enhance the domestic solar manufacturing sector.

    Recent Examples and Achievements:

    • Approval of Projects: The government approved several projects under the PLI scheme, such as those by companies like Adani Group and Tata Power Solar. These projects are expected to significantly increase the domestic production capacity.
    • Investment and Growth: The scheme has attracted significant investments from both domestic and international companies, leading to the establishment of large-scale manufacturing units in India.

    Implications for Energy Security and Competitiveness:

    • Energy Security: By increasing domestic production of solar PV modules, India reduces its reliance on imported solar equipment, thereby strengthening its energy security and ensuring a more stable supply chain.
    • Competitiveness: The PLI scheme helps in reducing the cost of solar PV modules through economies of scale, making solar energy more competitive compared to traditional energy sources and encouraging wider adoption.

    Evaluation of Long-Term Implications

    1. Strengthening Domestic Capabilities:

    • Both initiatives contribute to the development of domestic capabilities by encouraging investment in technology and infrastructure, fostering innovation, and creating job opportunities in emerging sectors.

    2. Integration with Global Value Chains:

    • The National Hydrogen Mission positions India to be a part of the global green hydrogen market, potentially leading to international collaborations and trade.
    • The PLI scheme enhances India’s role in the global solar supply chain, with the potential to export solar PV products and technologies.

    3. Energy Security and Competitiveness:

    • Energy Security: Both initiatives reduce dependency on imported energy resources, enhance resilience against global energy market fluctuations, and support a transition to cleaner energy sources.
    • Competitiveness: These schemes aim to lower production costs and drive technological advancements, positioning India as a competitive player in the global energy market and promoting sustainable development.

    In conclusion, the National Hydrogen Mission and the PLI scheme for solar PV manufacturing are pivotal in advancing India’s energy sector. They bolster domestic capabilities, integrate India into global value chains, and contribute significantly to long-term energy security and economic competitiveness.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Describe the nation’s current situation with regard to renewable energy sources and the goals that need to be met. In a few sentences, explain the significance of the National Program on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (200 words) [UPSC 2016]

upsc: energy
  1. Sumit Dutta
    Sumit Dutta Begginer

    Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India 1. Current Status: India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024: Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing aboRead more

    Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India

    1. Current Status:

    India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024:

    • Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing about 20% of the total electricity generation.
    • Solar Power: Solar power accounts for around 60 GW, with significant solar parks like the Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka.
    • Wind Power: Wind energy contributes about 40 GW, with major wind farms located in states like Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
    • Hydropower: Hydropower installations add up to 45 GW, though new projects have been limited due to environmental concerns.

    2. Targets:

    India has ambitious goals under its National Renewable Energy Mission:

    • By 2030: Target to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity.
    • Solar Power: Aim to reach 280 GW of solar power capacity.
    • Wind Power: Target to install 60 GW of wind power capacity.
    • Total Renewable Energy: Achieve a total of 50% of the electricity mix from renewable sources.

    3. Importance of the National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs):

    a. Energy Efficiency:

    The National Programme on LEDs aims to promote the use of energy-efficient LED lighting across the country. It is crucial for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the Prakash Path Programme has led to the installation of over 36 crore LED bulbs, significantly reducing electricity demand.

    b. Cost Savings:

    LED lighting offers substantial cost savings due to its low energy consumption and long lifespan. It has resulted in reduced electricity bills for households and institutions.

    c. Environmental Impact:

    By replacing incandescent bulbs with LEDs, India is decreasing its carbon footprint, thereby contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.

    d. Government Initiatives:

    The UJALA Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All) has been pivotal in this transition, making LED bulbs more accessible and affordable to the general public.

    Conclusion:

    India’s focus on expanding renewable energy and promoting LED lighting underscores its commitment to sustainable development and energy efficiency. The targets and initiatives reflect a strategic approach towards meeting the country’s growing energy needs while addressing environmental concerns.

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Firoj dud
  • 1
Firoj dudBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
  • 1

Describe the reasons behind India’s need to encourage energy efficiency. Mention a few of the actions the government has taken to address this.

upsc: energy
  1. Sunita Soni
    Sunita Soni Begginer

    Energy efficiency essentially means using a lesser amount of energy while producing a given amount of output. For example, incandescent lights used to transform only a maximum up to 10% of electrical energy to useful light, whereas LED light converts at least 25% of the energy input into visible ligRead more

    Energy efficiency essentially means using a lesser amount of energy while producing a given amount of output. For example, incandescent lights used to transform only a maximum up to 10% of electrical energy to useful light, whereas LED light converts at least 25% of the energy input into visible light energy.

    Need for promoting energy efficiency in India

    • High demand for energy: A growing population and rising aspirations of a growing middle class is driving the demand for energy resources in India. One unit of energy saved at the consumption level reduces the need for fresh capacity creation by 2 times to 2.5 times.Therefore, energy efficiency plays a crucial role in ensuring energy access.
    • Energy Security: India meets its energy demands majorly from oil and coal; 80% of which is imported. This necessitates saving energy for reducing import dependence that increases the vulnerability of the country’s economy to global geopolitical and economic risks.
    • Cost considerations: High costs of electricity hinders the competitiveness of basic Indian industries in the global market. Energy efficiency measures are therefore not only important to save money on electricity bills but also improve ease of doing business.
    • Environmental pollution: A focus on energy efficiency is also necessary to reduce the heavy pollution- especially air pollution- caused by the industry and transport sector.
    • Combating climate change: Energy efficiency is central to achieve India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets to lower the emissions intensity of GDP by 33-35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 levels.

    India had realised the importance of energy rationing long back, evident from the launch of the Energy Conservation Act in 2001. Overall, various energy efficiency measures have translated into savings worth INR 89,000 crores (approximately) in 2018-19 and contributed in reducing 151.74 Million Tonnes of CO2 emission in India. This has been made possible due to various government efforts such as:

    • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) under NAPCC: It aims to strengthen the market for energy efficiency by creating a conducive regulatory regime and fostering innovative business models. It includes market based mechanisms like Perform Achieve and Trade scheme, Energy Efficiency Financing Platform for raising finance etc.
    • Promotion of Electric Vehicles National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP): The government has launched the scheme namely Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles (FAME India) under NEMMP 2020 in the Union Budget for 2015-16.
    • Capacity Building of DISCOMS: Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana was launched in 2015 with the objective of capacity building of DISCOMs and promoting energy conservation programme.
    • Promotion of Energy Efficient LED Bulbs – UJALA scheme: It aims to promote efficient use of energy at the residential level, enhance the awareness of consumers about the efficacy of using energy efficient appliances.
    • Standards and Labeling: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency initiated the Standards and Labeling programme for equipment and appliances in 2006 to provide the consumer an informed choice about the energy savings.

    By urgently and fully adopting an energy energy effici efficient lifestyle, India can build a positive momentum towards transformation of the energy system that will achieve the common climate change and sustainable development goals.

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Hitesh Vyas
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Hitesh VyasBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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Examine how new technologies like distributed generation, energy storage, and smart grids are changing the energy landscape in India and assess the initiatives taken by the government to encourage the use and integration of these innovations to improve the power ...

upsc: energy
  1. Bhanu Chopra
    Bhanu Chopra Begginer

    Emerging technologies like energy storage, smart grids, and distributed generation play a crucial role in transforming the Indian energy landscape by addressing key challenges such as reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. Here's a detailed discussion on their impact and the government's efforRead more

    Emerging technologies like energy storage, smart grids, and distributed generation play a crucial role in transforming the Indian energy landscape by addressing key challenges such as reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. Here’s a detailed discussion on their impact and the government’s efforts to promote their adoption:

    Role of Emerging Technologies:
    Energy Storage:

    Flexibility: Energy storage systems (ESS) can store excess energy during low-demand periods and release it during peak times, thereby enhancing grid flexibility and stability.
    Integration of Renewables: They facilitate the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (like solar and wind) by storing surplus energy for use when these sources are not generating.
    Smart Grids:

    Enhanced Monitoring and Control: Smart grids enable real-time monitoring of energy usage, allowing utilities to optimize grid operations and respond swiftly to disruptions.
    Demand Response: They support demand response programs that incentivize consumers to adjust their electricity usage based on grid conditions, reducing peak demand and enhancing efficiency.
    Distributed Generation:

    Localized Power Generation: Distributed generation technologies, such as rooftop solar panels, lessen dependence on centralized power plants and reduce transmission losses.
    Resilience: They improve grid resilience by decentralizing power generation, making the system less vulnerable to large-scale outages.
    Government Efforts and Policies:
    Policy Framework:

    National Energy Policy: India has formulated policies like the National Energy Policy (NEP) and National Electricity Policy (NEP) to promote renewable energy adoption and grid modernization.
    Regulatory Support: Regulatory bodies like the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) establish guidelines for integrating new technologies into the grid.
    Financial Incentives:

    Subsidies and Grants: The government offers subsidies and grants for installing renewable energy systems, including energy storage and distributed generation.
    Tax Incentives: Tax benefits are provided to industries investing in clean energy technologies, promoting their adoption.
    Capacity Building and Research:

    Research Initiatives: Initiatives like the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) support research and development in energy storage technologies and smart grids.
    Skill Development: Programs are in place to train personnel in managing and maintaining these new technologies effectively.
    Evaluation of Government Efforts:
    Progress in Renewable Integration: India has made significant strides in renewable energy integration, with ambitious targets for solar and wind power capacity.
    Grid Stability: Efforts to enhance grid stability through smart grids and energy storage have shown promising results, though challenges remain in scaling up these technologies.
    Policy Implementation: While policies exist, their effective implementation and enforcement across states can vary, impacting the pace of technology adoption.
    Financial Support: Continued financial incentives are crucial to incentivize private sector investments in emerging technologies.
    Challenges:
    Infrastructure Constraints: Upgrading existing infrastructure to accommodate new technologies can be costly and time-consuming.
    Policy Consistency: Ensuring consistent and transparent policies across states is essential to attract investments and foster innovation.
    Technological Adaptation: Developing indigenous technologies and reducing dependence on imports for critical components is crucial for sustainability.

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