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Home/upsc: energy

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Kumudini Lakhia
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Kumudini LakhiaEnthusiast
Asked: January 21, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Context: Start by providing a brief introduction to India’s energy transformation. Mention the current state of India’s energy sector and its ambitious goals for the future. Goal: Highlight India’s target of increasing its energy capacity, especially renewable energy, ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India's energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation: Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation RenewableRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India’s energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation:

    Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation

    1. Renewable Energy Focus:
      India’s commitment to renewable energy is at the core of its sustainable energy transformation. From 2014 to 2023, India’s cumulative renewable energy capacity surged from 35 GW to 174.53 GW, with a target of 500 GW by 2030. This growth highlights India’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and meeting global climate goals.
    2. Energy Efficiency:
      Energy efficiency is crucial for sustainability. The National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) promotes energy-efficient practices across sectors, reducing energy consumption while meeting growing demands.
    3. Research and Innovation:
      India is investing heavily in innovative energy solutions. For example, the Green Hydrogen Mission aims to develop green hydrogen as a clean energy storage solution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.

    Inclusivity of India’s Energy Transformation

    1. Gender Inclusivity:
      India’s energy transformation is also gender-inclusive, with policies addressing women’s unique needs. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which provides LPG connections to women, reduces health risks associated with traditional biomass fuels, empowering women and improving their quality of life.
    2. Equitable Energy Access:
      Ensuring equitable access to energy is vital for poverty alleviation. The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) aims to achieve universal household electrification, ensuring that no household is left behind in the energy transition.
    3. Community Engagement:
      Local communities are engaged through initiatives like the PM-Kusum scheme, which provides subsidies for solar irrigation pumps, and the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, which supports residential rooftop solar panel installation, creating grassroots participation in the energy transformation.

    Conclusion

    While India’s energy transformation is both sustainable and inclusive, challenges like high transmission losses and financing remain. However, continued policy commitment and investment are crucial for achieving long-term success.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 20, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and their significance in India’s transition towards renewable energy. Mention the importance of ESS in supporting intermittent renewable sources like solar and wind, and stabilizing the grid. 2. Benefits of Energy Storage ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India is working towards incorporating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) into its power infrastructure to support its transition towards renewable energy. ESS are critical in managing intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, and ensuring grid stability. In August 2Read more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India is working towards incorporating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) into its power infrastructure to support its transition towards renewable energy. ESS are critical in managing intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, and ensuring grid stability. In August 2023, the Ministry of Power introduced the National Framework for Promoting ESS to boost their role in the country’s energy landscape.

    Benefits of Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

    1. Smoothing Renewable Energy Generation: ESS paired with renewable energy plants (solar and wind) can store excess energy during high generation periods and release it when generation is low. This reduces the intermittent nature of renewable energy, improving grid stability and increasing renewable energy use.
      • Example: ESS can store solar power during the day and release it at night when demand is higher.
    2. Peak Electricity Demand Shaving: By storing energy during off-peak periods, ESS can discharge energy during peak demand times, reducing the pressure on the grid and lowering electricity prices.
    3. Deferring Infrastructure Investments: ESS can be strategically located on the grid to manage localized demand, avoiding the need for costly new substations and transmission lines.
    4. Reducing Demand Charges: Commercial and industrial users can deploy on-site ESS to reduce their peak demand, which lowers demand charges typically incurred during high consumption periods.

    Government Policy Initiatives

    1. Legal Status to ESS: The Electricity (Amendment) Rules, 2022 have granted ESS legal recognition as part of the power system, facilitating integration into the energy infrastructure.
    2. Energy Storage Obligation (ESO): To ensure sufficient storage capacity, the government has set a long-term trajectory for ESO, aiming for around 82 GWh of storage by 2026-27, as outlined in the National Electricity Plan 2023.
    3. Waiver of Transmission Charges: The government has waived Inter-State Transmission System charges for ESS, promoting their use and integration into the national grid.
    4. Replacing Diesel Generators (DGs): The Electricity (Amendment) Rules, 2022 mandate that consumers using DG sets switch to renewable energy and storage systems, promoting cleaner alternatives.

    Conclusion

    ESS play a vital role in managing India’s transition to a renewable energy-driven economy. The government’s supportive policies, such as the legal recognition of ESS and incentivizing energy storage integration, will help achieve the country’s energy security and sustainability goals.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 20, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE): Energy systems that generate and utilize renewable energy at or near the point of consumption, reducing reliance on centralized power grids. Mention the growing importance of DRE in achieving India’s renewable energy ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer India has made considerable progress in adopting Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE), focusing on generating and utilizing renewable energy at the point of consumption. As of now, there are over 500,000 DRE installations across the country, including technologies such as solar-poweredRead more

    Model Answer

    India has made considerable progress in adopting Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE), focusing on generating and utilizing renewable energy at the point of consumption. As of now, there are over 500,000 DRE installations across the country, including technologies such as solar-powered irrigation and pumps. In 2021, approximately 179 million people gained access to electricity through DRE solutions, a significant increase from just 35 million in 2012. In 2022, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy launched a framework to promote DRE livelihood applications, aiming to enhance access to sustainable energy in rural and remote areas. This underscores the growing importance of DRE in meeting India’s renewable energy goals.

    Key Challenges in DRE Adoption

    1. Policy and Regulatory Barriers

    • Rollback of Incentives: Reductions in subsidies for rooftop solar systems (RTS) have dampened enthusiasm, especially among state electricity distribution companies.
    • Centralized Tendering Processes: Schemes like KUSUM for solar agricultural pumps often rely on centralized tenders, which prevent local partnerships and reduce community-level involvement in DRE projects.

    2. Financial and Investment Challenges

    • Insufficient Investment: To meet the 2030 target of 450 GW renewable energy capacity, India needs an annual investment of USD 18 billion by 2024, which is challenging to achieve.
    • Fragmented Market and Limited Private Capital: DRE markets, including RTS and off-grid solar, remain small and fragmented, with limited private sector interest due to perceived financial risks.
    • Information Asymmetry: A lack of targeted project preparation and transaction advisory further complicates access to capital, particularly for smaller DRE developers.

    3. Technical Challenges

    • Emerging Technologies Integration: The integration of advanced technologies such as IoT for energy management and energy storage is still in its infancy, limiting DRE system effectiveness and scalability.

    Conclusion

    To overcome these challenges, India must implement stronger policy incentives, attract increased private sector participation, and support the development of emerging technologies in DRE. The government, in collaboration with the private sector, can play a crucial role in promoting DRE through improved financing models, regulatory frameworks, and technological adoption.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 20, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Start by explaining India’s energy needs and its commitment to meeting net-zero emission targets by 2070. Mention the current energy mix and the share of nuclear energy (1.6% as of 2022-2023). State the importance of expanding nuclear energy ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Key Challenges in Expanding Nuclear Energy in India India faces several significant challenges in expanding its nuclear energy infrastructure to meet its net-zero emission targets. These include issues related to resource dependency, investment barriers, and social concerns. 1. Import DRead more

    Model Answer

    Key Challenges in Expanding Nuclear Energy in India

    India faces several significant challenges in expanding its nuclear energy infrastructure to meet its net-zero emission targets. These include issues related to resource dependency, investment barriers, and social concerns.

    1. Import Dependency

    India’s nuclear energy infrastructure is heavily reliant on imports for uranium, which raises sustainability concerns. Between 2019-2022, India imported over 7,600 tonnes of uranium, primarily from Kazakhstan and Canada. This import dependency makes the long-term sustainability of nuclear energy uncertain and exposes the country to global supply chain disruptions. Investment Barriers The high capital cost of building nuclear power plants, along with prolonged profitability horizons, presents a significant investment challenge. Nuclear projects are capital-intensive and have long lead times, often extending beyond a decade. Licensing and regulatory hurdles further delay project timelines, deterring both domestic and foreign investment .

    2. Energy

    Nuclear energy is more expensive compared to other renewable sources. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from solar and wind energy stands at approximately $40 per megawatt-hour, while nuclear plants average around $175 per megawatt-hour. This cost disparity makes nuclear energy less competitive, especially as India pushes for more affordable and sustainable energy sources .

    3. Wast

    The disposal and storage of nuclear waste remain a major concern. Nuclear waste remains hazardous for long periods, requiring secure storage solutions. India currently lacks a comprehensive and long-term plan for managing nuclear waste, which complicates the expansion of nuclear energy .

    4. Land Acquisitcal Opposition

    Acquiring land for new nuclear power plants is a complex process, often hampered by legal challenges, local opposition, and competing land uses. For example, the proposed installation of six French reactors in Maharashtra has faced delays due to land acquisition difficulties and local protests .

    5. Water Scarcity

    Nuclelants require significant amounts of water for cooling reactors. As many rivers and water bodies are facing depletion, the availability of reliable water sources for these plants is becoming increasingly uncertain .

    To meet its net-zero goals, India must ade challenges by enhancing its resource security, investing in technological innovations for waste management, and fostering public and investor support for nuclear energy expansion.

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Adheesh Raman
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Adheesh RamanLearner
Asked: January 7, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing To answer the question effectively, follow this structured roadmap: Introduction Define energy security in the context of India (uninterrupted availability of energy at affordable prices). Briefly mention India’s significant energy demands as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and energy ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Challenges to India's Energy Security Policy-related Issues India struggles to attract substantial international investment in domestic hydrocarbon exploration. Notably, initiatives like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HERead more

    Model Answer

    Challenges to India’s Energy Security

    1. Policy-related Issues
      India struggles to attract substantial international investment in domestic hydrocarbon exploration. Notably, initiatives like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) have not generated the anticipated interest from global energy players. Delays due to regulatory and environmental clearances further hinder coal mining and domestic energy production .
    2. Economic Challenges
      Over 80% of India’s energy needs rely on coal, oil, and natural gas, of which the country has limited domestic reserves. This dependency drives up the import bill, increases fuel subsidies, and worsens the Current Account Deficit (CAD), exposing the economy to price volatility in the global market .
    3. Accessibility Barriers
      In rural areas, biomass constitutes around 85-90% of primary fuel for cooking, posing health risks due to indoor air pollution. The lack of skilled labor and developed infrastructure impedes progress in making energy accessible across all regions (source: provided content).
    4. External Geopolitical Pressures
      Global political tensions, such as those between the USA and Iran, complicate India’s energy imports. These geopolitical dynamics force India to adjust its import strategy, as seen with reduced oil imports from Iran .

    Measures Implemented for Energy Security

    1. Efficiency Enhancement Initiatives
      India launched the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which conducts cost-benefit analyses on energy-efficient technologies across sectors. Additionally, BS VI vehicle fuel efficiency standards were introduced in 2020 to reduce emissions .
    2. Strategic Petroleum Reserves
      The establishment of strategic petroleum reserves under the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. aims to mitigate supply disruptions due to external crises, such as conflicts or natural disasters .
    3. Policy and Scenario Planning
      The India Energy Security Scenarios, 2047, launched by NITI Aayog, enables India to model future energy scenarios and prioritize renewable energy. India aims to source 50% of its energy from renewables by 2030.
    4. Energy Diplomacy and Accessibility
      The Indo-US Nuclear Deal enhances India’s nuclear energy capabilities. Programs like the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana promote clean cooking fuel in rural areas, and the PM KUSUM scheme supports solar irrigation. Additionally, “Energy Atmanirbharta” by 2040 aims to boost energy self-sufficiency
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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Describe the nation’s current situation with regard to renewable energy sources and the goals that need to be met. In a few sentences, explain the significance of the National Program on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (200 words) [UPSC 2016]

upsc: energy
  1. Sumit Dutta
    Sumit Dutta Begginer

    Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India 1. Current Status: India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024: Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing aboRead more

    Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India

    1. Current Status:

    India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024:

    • Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing about 20% of the total electricity generation.
    • Solar Power: Solar power accounts for around 60 GW, with significant solar parks like the Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka.
    • Wind Power: Wind energy contributes about 40 GW, with major wind farms located in states like Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
    • Hydropower: Hydropower installations add up to 45 GW, though new projects have been limited due to environmental concerns.

    2. Targets:

    India has ambitious goals under its National Renewable Energy Mission:

    • By 2030: Target to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity.
    • Solar Power: Aim to reach 280 GW of solar power capacity.
    • Wind Power: Target to install 60 GW of wind power capacity.
    • Total Renewable Energy: Achieve a total of 50% of the electricity mix from renewable sources.

    3. Importance of the National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs):

    a. Energy Efficiency:

    The National Programme on LEDs aims to promote the use of energy-efficient LED lighting across the country. It is crucial for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the Prakash Path Programme has led to the installation of over 36 crore LED bulbs, significantly reducing electricity demand.

    b. Cost Savings:

    LED lighting offers substantial cost savings due to its low energy consumption and long lifespan. It has resulted in reduced electricity bills for households and institutions.

    c. Environmental Impact:

    By replacing incandescent bulbs with LEDs, India is decreasing its carbon footprint, thereby contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.

    d. Government Initiatives:

    The UJALA Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All) has been pivotal in this transition, making LED bulbs more accessible and affordable to the general public.

    Conclusion:

    India’s focus on expanding renewable energy and promoting LED lighting underscores its commitment to sustainable development and energy efficiency. The targets and initiatives reflect a strategic approach towards meeting the country’s growing energy needs while addressing environmental concerns.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define nuclear energy and its global significance. State India’s context as a growing energy consumer and the necessity for a diverse energy mix. Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy in India High Energy Potential Describe the capacity of existing nuclear plants like ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world's second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world’s second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energy demands driven by rapid economic growth and urbanization. A diverse energy mix that includes nuclear power is essential for sustaining this growth.

    Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy

    High Energy Potential

    Nuclear power plants, such as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP), can generate significant energy from relatively small infrastructure. Currently, KNPP has two operational units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. The expansion plans include units three and four, expected to be operational by 2024, eventually increasing the total capacity to 6,000 MW by 2027, making it India’s largest nuclear facility.

    Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions

    Nuclear energy is a low-carbon technology, contributing only 5% to India’s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 while generating 3.1% of the country’s electricity.  This positions nuclear power as a crucial player in climate change mitigation.

    Energy Security

    India’s nuclear program, particularly its focus on utilizing domestic thorium reserves, enhances energy security. The three-stage nuclear power program is designed to leverage these resources effectively.

    Concerns Associated with Nuclear Energy

    Regulatory and Policy Hurdles

    The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has faced criticism for its limited autonomy, raising concerns about safety and oversight in the nuclear sector.

    Risk of Nuclear Accidents

    Historical disasters, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, highlight the catastrophic risks associated with nuclear energy, contributing to public fear and resistance.

    High Initial Costs

    The substantial investment required for nuclear projects, along with lengthy construction timelines, can deter development, as seen with the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station unit-3.

    Nuclear Waste Management

    The long-term management of radioactive waste remains unresolved, posing a significant challenge to the nuclear energy agenda.

    Public Acceptance

    Widespread apprehension regarding nuclear safety and waste disposal complicates efforts to gain public support for new projects.

    Conclusion

    While expanding nuclear energy presents significant opportunities for India to meet its energy needs and climate objectives, it also involves considerable risks and challenges. A balanced approach that emphasizes safety, regulatory diligence, and public engagement is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy in India.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Explain the advantages of using sunlight to generate electricity as opposed to more traditional methods of energy production. What programs does our government have available for this purpose? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]

upsc: energy
  1. Krishna Vasudev
    Krishna Vasudev Learner

    Benefits of Deriving Electric Energy from Sunlight Renewable Resource: Sustainability: Solar energy is a renewable resource, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and depleting. The sun provides an abundant and continuous supply of energy. Environmental Impact: Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions:Read more

    Benefits of Deriving Electric Energy from Sunlight

    1. Renewable Resource:
      • Sustainability: Solar energy is a renewable resource, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and depleting. The sun provides an abundant and continuous supply of energy.
    2. Environmental Impact:
      • Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Solar power generation does not emit greenhouse gases or other pollutants during operation. This helps in mitigating climate change and improving air quality. Example: Transitioning to solar power reduces reliance on coal-fired power plants, leading to lower carbon emissions.
    3. Decreased Energy Costs:
      • Lower Operational Costs: Once solar panels are installed, the cost of generating electricity is minimal compared to conventional energy sources that require ongoing fuel costs. Example: After the initial investment, solar energy can significantly lower electricity bills for households and businesses.
    4. Energy Security and Independence:
      • Reduced Dependence on Imported Fuels: Solar energy enhances energy security by reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels, which can be subject to price volatility and supply disruptions.
    5. Job Creation and Economic Growth:
      • Employment Opportunities: The solar energy sector creates jobs in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance, contributing to economic growth. Example: The solar industry has become a significant source of employment in many countries, including India.

    Government Initiatives for Solar Energy

    1. National Solar Mission:
      • Objective: Part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, this mission aims to promote solar energy deployment across the country. Example: It targets 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022.
    2. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM):
      • Objective: This scheme aims to support farmers in installing solar panels for agricultural pumps, promoting solar energy in rural areas. Example: It provides subsidies and incentives for farmers to switch to solar-powered irrigation.
    3. Solar Rooftop Subsidy Scheme:
      • Objective: Encourages residential, commercial, and industrial buildings to install rooftop solar panels by offering subsidies. Example: The scheme provides financial incentives to reduce the upfront cost of solar installations.
    4. Grid-Connected Solar Power Projects:
      • Objective: Promotes large-scale solar power projects connected to the national grid, boosting renewable energy generation. Example: The Solar Park Scheme facilitates the development of large solar parks with dedicated infrastructure.
    5. FAME India Scheme (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles):
      • Objective: While primarily aimed at electric vehicles, this scheme supports the integration of solar energy in EV charging infrastructure. Example: It promotes the use of renewable energy sources for charging electric vehicles.

    These initiatives are designed to accelerate the adoption of solar energy, enhance energy security, and contribute to sustainable development.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Do you believe that by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for half of India’s energy needs? Explain your response. How can switching subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources aid in achieving the aforementioned goal? Describe. (250 words) ...

upsc: energy
  1. Asha Patil
    Asha Patil Begginer

    India's Renewable Energy Goals for 2030 **1. Feasibility of Meeting 50% Renewable Energy Target: India's Commitment: India has set a target of achieving 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030 as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This amRead more

    India’s Renewable Energy Goals for 2030

    **1. Feasibility of Meeting 50% Renewable Energy Target:

    • India’s Commitment: India has set a target of achieving 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030 as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This ambitious goal is supported by significant investments in solar and wind energy.
    • Current Progress: As of early 2024, India has achieved around 25% of its total installed capacity from renewable sources, with a notable increase in solar and wind installations. For instance, India’s solar power capacity reached 64.7 GW by March 2023, and the government is actively working to expand this further.

    **2. Recent Developments:

    • International Partnerships: India’s involvement in international initiatives, such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), helps in mobilizing resources and technology for renewable energy projects.
    • Policy Support: Policies like the National Solar Mission and the Green Energy Corridor aim to boost renewable energy integration and grid stability.

    **3. Role of Subsidy Shift in Achieving Targets:

    • Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence: Shifting subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables would reduce the financial burden on renewable energy projects and make them more competitive. Currently, fossil fuel subsidies distort market prices and delay the transition to cleaner energy.
    • Encouraging Investment: Redirecting subsidies to renewables would incentivize private sector investment and lower the cost of renewable technologies. For example, the Government of India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for solar modules aims to enhance domestic manufacturing and reduce costs.
    • Supporting Infrastructure: Subsidies can be used to develop necessary infrastructure, such as battery storage and smart grids, which are essential for managing the intermittency of renewable energy sources.

    **4. Challenges and Mitigation:

    • Grid Stability: Integrating a high share of renewables requires upgrades in grid infrastructure to handle variable energy supplies. Investments in smart grids and energy storage solutions are crucial.
    • Policy and Regulatory Framework: Ensuring consistent and supportive policies is essential for attracting investments and achieving targets. The Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) mandates ensure that utilities meet renewable energy requirements.

    Conclusion: Achieving the 50% renewable energy target by 2030 is feasible with continued commitment, technological advancements, and a strategic shift in subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This transition will not only support India’s climate goals but also drive sustainable economic growth.

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Bhanu Chopra
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Bhanu ChopraBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine how the government’s programs, like the National Hydrogen Mission and the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for solar PV manufacturing, are helping to integrate the Indian energy sector with global value chains and build domestic capabilities. Discuss the long-term effects ...

upsc: energy
  1. Abhinav Gupta
    Abhinav Gupta Begginer

    Role of Government Initiatives in Promoting Domestic Capabilities and Integration with Global Value Chains 1. National Hydrogen Mission Objective and Overview: The National Hydrogen Mission (NHM) was launched by the Indian government in 2021 with the aim of positioning India as a global leader in hyRead more

    Role of Government Initiatives in Promoting Domestic Capabilities and Integration with Global Value Chains

    1. National Hydrogen Mission

    Objective and Overview:
    The National Hydrogen Mission (NHM) was launched by the Indian government in 2021 with the aim of positioning India as a global leader in hydrogen production, particularly green hydrogen. This initiative focuses on developing sustainable hydrogen production, storage, and utilization technologies.

    Recent Examples and Achievements:

    • Green Hydrogen Policy (2022): The government has introduced the Green Hydrogen Policy to facilitate the production and utilization of green hydrogen. This policy offers incentives for renewable energy projects and aims to create a hydrogen production hub.
    • Public Sector Initiatives: Major public sector enterprises like NTPC and Indian Oil Corporation have begun investing in green hydrogen projects, such as NTPC’s plans to set up a green hydrogen plant in Assam and Indian Oil’s project in Punjab.

    Implications for Energy Security and Competitiveness:

    • Energy Security: By promoting green hydrogen, India aims to reduce its dependency on imported fossil fuels and diversify its energy sources, enhancing national energy security.
    • Competitiveness: Establishing a strong green hydrogen industry can position India as a key player in the global hydrogen economy, potentially leading to increased exports and technological advancements.

    2. Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Solar PV Manufacturing

    Objective and Overview:
    The PLI scheme for solar PV manufacturing was launched in 2021 to boost domestic production of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules. This initiative aims to reduce import dependency and enhance the domestic solar manufacturing sector.

    Recent Examples and Achievements:

    • Approval of Projects: The government approved several projects under the PLI scheme, such as those by companies like Adani Group and Tata Power Solar. These projects are expected to significantly increase the domestic production capacity.
    • Investment and Growth: The scheme has attracted significant investments from both domestic and international companies, leading to the establishment of large-scale manufacturing units in India.

    Implications for Energy Security and Competitiveness:

    • Energy Security: By increasing domestic production of solar PV modules, India reduces its reliance on imported solar equipment, thereby strengthening its energy security and ensuring a more stable supply chain.
    • Competitiveness: The PLI scheme helps in reducing the cost of solar PV modules through economies of scale, making solar energy more competitive compared to traditional energy sources and encouraging wider adoption.

    Evaluation of Long-Term Implications

    1. Strengthening Domestic Capabilities:

    • Both initiatives contribute to the development of domestic capabilities by encouraging investment in technology and infrastructure, fostering innovation, and creating job opportunities in emerging sectors.

    2. Integration with Global Value Chains:

    • The National Hydrogen Mission positions India to be a part of the global green hydrogen market, potentially leading to international collaborations and trade.
    • The PLI scheme enhances India’s role in the global solar supply chain, with the potential to export solar PV products and technologies.

    3. Energy Security and Competitiveness:

    • Energy Security: Both initiatives reduce dependency on imported energy resources, enhance resilience against global energy market fluctuations, and support a transition to cleaner energy sources.
    • Competitiveness: These schemes aim to lower production costs and drive technological advancements, positioning India as a competitive player in the global energy market and promoting sustainable development.

    In conclusion, the National Hydrogen Mission and the PLI scheme for solar PV manufacturing are pivotal in advancing India’s energy sector. They bolster domestic capabilities, integrate India into global value chains, and contribute significantly to long-term energy security and economic competitiveness.

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On: March 7, 2025 Comments: 0

मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष का प्रबंधन

प्रधानमंत्री की घोषणा: मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष प्रबंधन के लिए एक समर्पित केंद्र की स्थापना। चुनौतियाँ: जनसंख्या वृद्धि और संसाधनों की प्रतिस्पर्धा। वन्यजीव संरक्षण का महत्व पारिस्थितिक संतुलन और जलवायु अनुकूलन: वन्यजीव पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र को बनाए रखने और जलवायु पैटर्न को विनियमित ...

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