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Home/Science & Technology

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Budigem Ramyasri
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Budigem RamyasriBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In: ,
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What are some recent breakthroughs or innovations in biotechnology from India that are shaping the future of the field?

  1. Falguni
    Falguni

    Recent breakthroughs or innovations in biotechnology from India that are shaping the future of the field are:- CAR-T Cell Therapy IIT Bombay and Tata Memorial Center researchers developed NexCAR19, India's first approved CAR-T Cell Therapy. The gene-based therapy has been found very effective in treRead more

    Recent breakthroughs or innovations in biotechnology from India that are shaping the future of the field are:-

    CAR-T Cell Therapy

    IIT Bombay and Tata Memorial Center researchers developed NexCAR19, India’s first approved CAR-T Cell Therapy. The gene-based therapy has been found very effective in treating leukemia. Estimated, it’s available at one-tenth of the price compared to other countries.

    ROTAVAC

    Rotavirus vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech.

    Genetically modified crops

    Bt cotton 

    The first Bt cotton hybrid plants were developed in India by MMBL in 2002; another Bt ll produced in 2006, covers around 95% of total cotton production in India.

    Around 18 other prime crops, like brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, etc, are at different stages of field trials.

    Qhpv

    India’s first Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus vaccine – CERVAVAC against cervical cancer that will cost around Rs.300-400 per dose developed by Serum Institute, DBT and BIRAC.

    PNEUMOSIL

    The pneumonia vaccine was developed by the Serum Institute of India. A conjugate vaccine that conjugates protein with polysaccharide antigens of bacteria made by recombinant DNA technology.

    iDwell Cultivated Meat

    Developed by the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology [CCMB] along with HIS, came up with clean meat technologies that produce lab-grown meat.

    COVAXIN

    Developed by Bharat Biotech and ICMR.

    REGEN-D

    Treatment for diabetic foot ulcers developed by Bharat Biotech.

     

    Biofuel

    Production of ethanol from the seaweed and then converting it into a biofuel that will promote plant growth by Sea6 Energy.

    COVID SHEILD

    By Serum Institute has become the World’s largest vaccine manufacturer based on cell and genetic technologies.

     

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vivek kumar
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vivek kumarBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In: , , ,
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How can emerging technologies like blockchain enhance data security and privacy?

blockchaindata securityinformation technologiesinternet of thingsquantum computerstechnologies
  1. Kajal Chauhan
    Kajal Chauhan Begginer

    Emerging technologies like blockchain significantly enhance data security and privacy, providing attractive solutions for businesses. Key benefits include: 1. **Decentralization**: Blockchain distributes data across a network of nodes, eliminating a single point of failure and reducing the risk of dRead more

    Emerging technologies like blockchain significantly enhance data security and privacy, providing attractive solutions for businesses. Key benefits include:

    1. **Decentralization**: Blockchain distributes data across a network of nodes, eliminating a single point of failure and reducing the risk of data breaches.
    2. **Immutable Records**: Once recorded, data on a blockchain cannot be altered or deleted, ensuring the integrity and authenticity of information.
    3. **Enhanced Encryption**: Blockchain uses advanced cryptographic techniques to secure data, making it highly resistant to hacking and unauthorized access.
    4. **Transparency and Traceability**: Every transaction is transparently recorded and traceable, allowing for complete accountability and easy auditing.
    5. **Smart Contracts**: These self-executing contracts automatically enforce rules and agreements, reducing the need for intermediaries and enhancing trust.
    6. **User Control**: Blockchain enables users to control their own data through decentralized identity management, enhancing privacy and reducing the reliance on centralized authorities.

    By addressing critical concerns about data security and privacy, blockchain offers a robust framework for protecting sensitive information. Its ability to provide a secure, transparent, and tamper-proof environment makes it an attractive solution for businesses aiming to build trust and ensure the safety of their data.

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Ronak Bothra
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Ronak BothraBegginer
Asked: August 1, 2024In:
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  1. Sanjana Vats
    Sanjana Vats Begginer

    Quantum computing ought to have an immediate effect on privacy and encryption. Given the divergent evolving nature of the cybersecurity panorama, quantum computer systems will come to help maintain­­ records encrypted even as in use, supplying both in-transit and at-relaxation protections. MoreoverRead more

    Quantum computing ought to have an immediate effect on privacy and encryption. Given the divergent evolving nature of the cybersecurity panorama, quantum computer systems will come to help maintain­­ records encrypted even as in use, supplying both in-transit and at-relaxation protections.

    Moreover these computer systems can create good structural and functional models for the way atoms chemically engage with each other, leading to an advanced and greater unique knowledge of molecular shape. This may additionally directly effect drug and chemical research and impact the manner new merchandise and medicines are advanced. The predictive energy of quantum computer systems can also offer foresight into how chemical substances and capsules might develop, evolve and engage with different factors over the years.

    With the modeling abilities of quantum computing, monetary agencies may want to use the new found era to quantify behaviour of the model for investments and securities at scale. This should help lessen threat, optimize big-scale portfolios and help monetary companies better recognize the tendencies and movements of the worldwide money – bank system.

    Navigating the ethical implications of the advanced computing technology:

    Privacy concern raises profound moral questions on the balance among privacy and security within the digital age. As quantum computing abilities retain to conform, robust encryption methods should be developed to shield privacy rights in a quantum-powered world. Additionally, rules and oversight mechanisms ought to be installed region to save you misuse of quantum computing era for intrusive surveillance or malicious cyber sports.

     

    Another essential moral attention is the difficulty of accessibility. Quantum computing has the potential to force innovation and clear up complex problems in fields such as drug discovery, climate modeling, and materials technology. However, the high fee and technical complexity of quantum hardware pose boundaries to entry for plenty researchers and companies, mainly the ones in developing nations or with restrained assets.

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Ammy
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AmmyBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In:
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  1. Raisa Islam
    Raisa Islam Begginer

    Deep learning is an advanced segment of machine learning, that focuses on neural networks. Inspired by the human brain, the neural network teaches computers how to analyze data through experiences. It uses neurons or networked nodes arranged in a layered framework to mimic the structure of the humanRead more

    Deep learning is an advanced segment of machine learning, that focuses on neural networks. Inspired by the human brain, the neural network teaches computers how to analyze data through experiences. It uses neurons or networked nodes arranged in a layered framework to mimic the structure of the human brain.

    Learning from experiences: Instead of providing step-by-step instructions to the computer, we input numerous examples and allow the computer to analyze these examples and identify patterns independently. 

    Hierarchy of Concepts: Think of learning in layers. The computer starts by understanding very simple ideas. It then uses these simple ideas to understand more complex ones. For example, to recognize a face, it might first learn to see lines, then shapes, then parts of the face, and finally the whole face.

    We do not have to program every detail. The computer learns by itself from the data we provide, much like a child learns from exploring the world. It can identify intricate patterns in images, text, sounds, and other types of data to generate precise insights and estimations, There are three types of Deep Learning Models; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)

    ML v/s DL: Machine learning needs data to be well-organized and labelled, while deep learning can handle messy data like images, and learning patterns on its own without much human input. 

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Kathula sushmitha Reddy
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Kathula sushmitha ReddyBegginer
Asked: July 14, 2024In: , ,
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What ethical considerations should developers prioritize when designing AI systems for public use?

  1. Harshita Sharma
    Harshita Sharma Begginer

    ### Navigating AI's Impact: Ethical Considerations for Public Benefit 1. **Equity and Accessibility**: Ensure AI technologies are accessible to all communities, reducing disparities in access to information and services. 2. **Transparency**: Promote transparency in AI systems by making algorithms anRead more

    ### Navigating AI’s Impact: Ethical Considerations for Public Benefit

    1. **Equity and Accessibility**: Ensure AI technologies are accessible to all communities, reducing disparities in access to information and services.

    2. **Transparency**: Promote transparency in AI systems by making algorithms and decision-making processes understandable to users and stakeholders.

    3. **Accountability**: Establish clear accountability frameworks to address biases, errors, and unintended consequences in AI applications.

    4. **Privacy Protection**: Safeguard user data and privacy, implementing robust data protection measures and obtaining informed consent for data use.

    5. **Bias Mitigation**: Actively work to identify and mitigate biases in AI models to prevent discrimination and promote fairness in outcomes.

    6. **Sustainability**: Consider the environmental impact of AI technologies and prioritize energy-efficient solutions in their development and deployment.

    7. **Public Engagement**: Involve diverse stakeholders, including marginalized communities, in the development and governance of AI systems to reflect varied perspectives and needs.

    8. **Regulatory Frameworks**: Advocate for appropriate regulations and policies that guide ethical AI development while fostering innovation and public trust.

    9. **Education and Awareness**: Promote education about AI’s benefits and risks, empowering individuals to engage critically with AI technologies.

    10. **Human Oversight**: Ensure human oversight in critical AI applications, especially in areas like healthcare, law enforcement, and finance, to maintain ethical standards and accountability.

    By addressing these considerations, society can harness AI’s potential while ensuring it serves the public good.

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Sonali Mandal
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Poll
Sonali MandalBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In: ,
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  Question: Who is the Indian cricketer known for being the first-ever batsman to score a double century in One Day Internationals (ODIs)

  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend
    This answer was edited.

    Sachin Tendulkar: The cricketer who first made the history of scoring a double century in One Day Internationals (ODIs). He did it for the first time in India in the year 2010, against South Africa.

    Sachin Tendulkar: The cricketer who first made the history of scoring a double century in One Day Internationals (ODIs).

    He did it for the first time in India in the year 2010, against South Africa.

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Nandani Kumari
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Nandani KumariBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In:
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  1. Sreelakshmi S
    Sreelakshmi S Begginer

    Blockchain technology is a decentralized, distributed ledger system that securely records transactions across multiple computers. Each transaction is grouped into a "block," and these blocks are linked in chronological order to form a "chain," hence the name blockchain. 1. Transaction Initiation: ARead more

    Blockchain technology is a decentralized, distributed ledger system that securely records transactions across multiple computers. Each transaction is grouped into a “block,” and these blocks are linked in chronological order to form a “chain,” hence the name blockchain.

    1. Transaction Initiation: A user requests a transaction, which involves the transfer of digital assets or information.

    2. Broadcast to Network: The transaction is broadcast to a network of peer-to-peer (P2P) computers, known as nodes.

    3. Validation: Nodes validate the transaction using consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS). In PoW, miners solve complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and add them to the blockchain. PoS assigns the right to validate transactions based on the number of tokens held.

    4. Block Creation: Once validated, the transaction is grouped with others to form a new block. This block is then added to the existing blockchain in a linear, chronological order.

    5. Immutable Ledger: The added block is cryptographically secured and linked to the previous block, making the blockchain tamper-resistant. Any attempt to alter a block would require changing all subsequent blocks, which is computationally impractical.

    This process ensures transparency, security, and trust without the need for a central authority. Blockchain technology is the backbone of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and has applications in various industries, including finance, supply chain, and healthcare.

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