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What is included in the non-tax revenue receipts of the Government of India?
Non-tax revenue receipts form a significant component of the Government of India's revenue structure, contributing to the overall fiscal health and enabling the government to fund various developmental and administrative activities. These receipts encompass a wide array of sources that do not involvRead more
Non-tax revenue receipts form a significant component of the Government of India’s revenue structure, contributing to the overall fiscal health and enabling the government to fund various developmental and administrative activities. These receipts encompass a wide array of sources that do not involve direct taxation. One of the primary components of non-tax revenue is the interest receipts, which include the interest earned on loans given by the government to state governments, union territories, and public sector enterprises. Another crucial element is the dividends and profits received from public sector undertakings (PSUs). These PSUs, which operate in various sectors such as energy, telecommunications, and manufacturing, are required to remit a portion of their profits to the government.
Additionally, the government earns non-tax revenue through the sale of its assets, including the proceeds from the disinvestment of PSUs and the sale of surplus land and buildings. Fees and services charges are also a vital part of non-tax revenue, covering areas such as railway services, postal services, and other administrative and regulatory fees. For instance, the government charges for issuing passports, visas, and other documentation. Other sources include grants and donations, which can come from international organizations and foreign governments, as well as penalties and fines imposed for various legal and regulatory violations.
Furthermore, the government earns non-tax revenue from the exploitation of natural resources, such as the royalties from oil and gas exploration, mining, and forest produce. These revenues are crucial for maintaining the fiscal balance and supporting the government’s various initiatives and programs. The inclusion of these diverse sources in the non-tax revenue receipts ensures a more stable and predictable income stream for the government, reducing its reliance on direct taxation and enhancing its ability to meet its financial obligations.
See lessWrite the names of any two places of Sindhu-Saraswati civilization located in Uttar Pradesh.
Sarnath and Kampil
Sarnath and Kampil
See lessExplain the economic impacts of British rule on India.
The period of British dominion over India, spanning from the mid-1700s to 1947, left an indelible mark on the economy of the subcontinent. The repercussions of this era can be divided into three main themes: exploitation, the rise of industries, and changes in agricultural practices, each of which sRead more
The period of British dominion over India, spanning from the mid-1700s to 1947, left an indelible mark on the economy of the subcontinent. The repercussions of this era can be divided into three main themes: exploitation, the rise of industries, and changes in agricultural practices, each of which significantly influenced India’s economic framework.
Exploitation and Wealth Drain
One of the most notable economic consequences of British governance was the deliberate exploitation of India’s natural resources and the resulting outflow of wealth. The British East India Company, followed by the British Crown, adopted strategies that emphasized the extraction of raw materials and the shipping of finished products back to Britain. India’s abundant resources—such as cotton, indigo, tea, and opium—were exported in massive amounts, frequently at prices that heavily favored British interests. This wealth drain was further aggravated by the decline of India’s traditional manufacturing sectors, especially textiles. British tariffs and trade regulations undermined the competitiveness of Indian producers, leading to the downfall of flourishing industries and leaving countless artisans and weavers without means of support.
Changes in Agriculture and Development of a Peasant Economy
The British also significantly altered India’s agricultural landscape to align with their economic goals. The implementation of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793, along with similar land revenue policies in various regions, resulted in the emergence of absentee landlords who focused more on profit than the well-being of local farmers. This shift led to intensified land utilization and the commercialization of farming, prioritizing cash crops such as indigo, cotton, and opium. Although this approach boosted export levels, it simultaneously caused a disregard for food production, contributing to recurrent famines and widespread poverty among the rural populace.
Industrialization and Railways
Conversely, British governance introduced several modern advancements to India, such as railways, telegraphs, and a contemporary postal service. The establishment of railways was especially significant, as it connected various regions of the Indian economy and enabled the efficient transport of goods and individuals. Nevertheless, the main aim of these infrastructural improvements was to fulfill British economic priorities, including the swift movement of raw materials to shipping ports for overseas export and the deployment of troops to maintain authority over the colony. While the railways contributed to the unification of the Indian market, this integration primarily benefited British merchants and investors, often at the expense of local producers.
Economic Policies and the Impact of Colonialism
The financial strategies employed by the British had enduring consequences for India’s economic progress. A focus on primary goods, coupled with a disregard for manufacturing sectors, resulted in an unbalanced economic framework. Insufficient investment in education and technology further obstructed the development of a skilled labor force and the embrace of modern industrial techniques. These challenges, along with the persistent issues of poverty and underdevelopment, created significant obstacles for India following its independence.
In summary, British rule exerted a complex influence on India’s economy. While it introduced modern elements like railways and telegraphs, the overall impact leaned towards exploitation and stagnation. The economic strategies of the colonial administration have left a profound legacy that India continues to contend with as it strives for sustainable economic advancement and growth.
See lessDescribe the main geographical characteristics of the northern plain of India.
The Northern Plain of India, commonly known as the Indo-Gangetic Plain, stands out as one of the most important and rich areas in the nation. Spanning approximately 2,500 kilometers from the fertile fields of Punjab in the west to the lush Brahmaputra Valley in the east, this extensive landscape shoRead more
The Northern Plain of India, commonly known as the Indo-Gangetic Plain, stands out as one of the most important and rich areas in the nation. Spanning approximately 2,500 kilometers from the fertile fields of Punjab in the west to the lush Brahmaputra Valley in the east, this extensive landscape showcases the geological and climatic events that have influenced the Indian subcontinent for millions of years. This region is marked by its level ground, nutrient-rich alluvial soil, and an intricate system of major rivers, establishing it as a vital center for agriculture and the economy.
Formation and Geology: The Northern Plain emerged from the tectonic clash between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, a process that initiated around 50 million years ago. This collision gave rise to the majestic Himalayas and resulted in the accumulation of substantial sediment throughout the area. Over the ages, rivers such as the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra transported these sediments, forming a thick layer of alluvial deposits that blanket the plain. The alluvial soil is abundant in minerals and nutrients, making it exceptionally fertile and perfect for farming.
Landscape Overview
The Northern Plain is mainly characterized by its level terrain, with an average height of under 300 meters above sea level. This expansive area can be segmented into various sub-regions, each possessing unique features:
Punjab Plains: Found in the western section of the plain, this area is renowned for its rich soil and comprehensive irrigation systems. The Punjab Plains are nourished by the five rivers of the Indus basin—Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—leading to the name “Punjab,” which translates to “land of five rivers.”
Ganga Plains: This region is the largest and densest in terms of population within the Northern Plain, stretching from the Yamuna River on the western side to the Brahmaputra River on the eastern part. The Ganga Plains are further divided into the Upper Ganga Plain and the Lower Ganga Plain. The Upper Ganga Plain, which encompasses areas like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, is marked by an intricate web of rivers and a high concentration of inhabitants. Conversely, the Lower Ganga Plain, which includes West Bengal, is distinguished by its deltaic landscapes and the Sundarbans, an expansive mangrove ecosystem.
Brahmaputra Plains: Situated in the eastern segment of the Northern Plain, this area is primarily shaped by the Brahmaputra River. The Brahmaputra Plains are noted for their broad, winding river channels and sprawling floodplains. This region experiences seasonal flooding, which, despite causing damage, also rejuvenates the soil with new alluvial deposits.
The Northern Plain is characterized by a tropical monsoon climate, featuring clearly defined wet and dry periods. The monsoon season, generally occurring between June and September, delivers substantial rainfall that is crucial for the area’s agricultural activities. In contrast, the winter months, spanning from November to February, are typically dry and cool, while the summer period from March to May tends to be hot and arid. The climate in this region is notably affected by the Himalayas, which serve as a shield against cold winds from the north and play a critical role in the development of the monsoon.
When it comes to agriculture and the economy, the Northern Plain stands out as one of the most fruitful agricultural areas in India. Its rich alluvial soil, coupled with a conducive climate and extensive irrigation networks, facilitates the growth of a diverse array of crops, such as rice, wheat, sugarcane, and various legumes. This region is also recognized for its horticultural output, producing a significant quantity of fruits and vegetables. The agricultural yield from the Northern Plain is fundamental to India’s food security and economic stability.
In summary, the Northern Plain of India holds tremendous geographical importance. Its level landscape, fertile soil, and intricate river systems establish it as a crucial agricultural and economic hub. The region’s formation and unique characteristics are the result of intricate geological developments and climatic influences, which have transformed it into one of the world’s most vital and vibrant landscapes.
See lessElucidate bureaucratic corruption.
Feasibility Bureaucratic corruption is endemic and a menace to the integrity of power and governmental systems. a crime, it's far the abuse of electricity by way of a public legitimate for private gain — and is devoted by means of manner of corruption, embezzlement, bribery or the manipulation of guRead more
Feasibility Bureaucratic corruption is endemic and a menace to the integrity of power and governmental systems. a crime, it’s far the abuse of electricity by way of a public legitimate for private gain — and is devoted by means of manner of corruption, embezzlement, bribery or the manipulation of guidelines, rules and assets. Corruption may be in the form of bribery, nepotism, misappropriation of finances, or favoritism. Bureaucrats can receive bribes to expedite or even influence decisions, allocate resources to preferred candidates or groups, or adjust public tenders in favour of certain companies. These practices not only subvert the distribution of scarce public resources but also undermine public confidence in government institutions. Bureaucratic corruption has profound consequences for social development and inequality. [For instance, in developing countries corruption can make the implementation of crucial infrastructure, healthcare and education initiatives impossible, exacerbating poverty and inequality. Moreover, corruption can deter foreign investment and international assistance, which are both essential for economic progress. Accordingly, Chaucer uses the ludic to speak truth to power, to expose, catalogue and ridicule bureaucratic corruption to the very end. Such recurring problems compel us to strengthen the role of oversight institutions, uphold accountability, and raise the bar on standards of ethical conduct of public officials.
See lessBakashta
The Bakasht land movement was the movement against the eviction of tenants from the Bakasht lands held by Zamindars. Bakasht lands are those lands which originally belonged to tenants but were assumed by landlords in lieu of non-payment of dues. The movement was organized in the Barhaiya taal regionRead more
The Bakasht land movement was the movement against the eviction of tenants from the Bakasht lands held by Zamindars. Bakasht lands are those lands which originally belonged to tenants but were assumed by landlords in lieu of non-payment of dues. The movement was organized in the Barhaiya taal region of the Munger district of the state of Bihar during the 1930s and gradually spread to the other regions of the state of Bihar.
See lessMacha
Matcha is a finely ground powder of green tea specially processed from shade-grown tea leaves. Shade growing gives matcha its characteristic bright green color and strong umami flavor. Matcha is typically consumed suspended in hot water.
Matcha is a finely ground powder of green tea specially processed from shade-grown tea leaves. Shade growing gives matcha its characteristic bright green color and strong umami flavor. Matcha is typically consumed suspended in hot water.
See lessWhat is hydrological cycle?
The Water Cycle: Earths Recycling of Water The hydrological cycle — also called the water cycle — is one of the most basic and important processes on Earth. It recounts the endless cycle of water moving around, over and beneath the surface of the Earth. This process is essential for life, maintaininRead more
The Water Cycle: Earths Recycling of Water
The hydrological cycle — also called the water cycle — is one of the most basic and important processes on Earth. It recounts the endless cycle of water moving around, over and beneath the surface of the Earth. This process is essential for life, maintaining ecosystems and regulating climate. Knowing the hydrological cycle helps us understand the movement of water and its effect on different ecosystems and human activities.
Important Elements of the Hydrological Cycle
The process of water circulation and transformation in the hydrological cycle consists of interrelated processes:
Evaporation and Transpiration
EVAPORATION: Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other water bodies become water vapor in the presence of the sun heat. Oceans are responsible for the most evaporation in the atmosphere, and provide around 90% of the wetness into the atmosphere.
Transpiration: Plants additionally discharge water vapor into the air during a process known as transpiration. This takes place when water, after being absorbed by the roots, is sent to the leaves and later released as vapor.
Condensation:
Water vapour, once it rises and cools, condenses into tiny droplets to create clouds. The changes in the atmosphere in their temperature and pressure causes this process.
Precipitation:
These droplets coalesce and accumulate to such a size that they return to the Earth as precipitation, rain, snow, sleet or hail. One of the vital components of the cycle is precipitation, which refills water sources and helps support plant and animal life.
Infiltration and Percolation:
Some of the water that reaches the ground sinks into the soil and recharges groundwater stores. It’s this process, called percolation, that helps sustain the water table and underground life.
Runoff:
Some of the water does not percolate into the ground but runs over the surface as runoff.] That water leads to rivers, lakes, and oceans; repeat. Runoff is also a significant workshop in the development of landscapes and can result in erosion and sediment transport.
Sublimation:
Sometimes, water ends up skipping the middle step of being a liquid, going straight from a solid (like ice) to a gas (like vapor). Sublimation is especially relevant in polar regions and at high alts.
The significance of the water cycle.
The cycle of hydrologics is critical to the vitality and sustainability of the mineral environment of Earth. Here are a few key reasons that highlight why it is so important:
Sustaining Life:
It is the regular cycle in nature through which water is provided to all living being. The water cycle (hydrological cycle) is the process that distributes water to the various pathways for the survival of Plants, Animals and Humans.
Climate Regulation:
Water vapor is actually an important greenhouse gas that helps control the temperature of the Earth. The cycle also plays a role because water movement influences weather patterns and climate systems.
Ecosystem Support:
Moisture needed for the growth of trees, herbs, and rolling wetlands — all of which rely on the hydrological cycle. It also helps keep the salt and freshwater environments in balance.
Particular Focus Areas: Agriculture and Food Production
By and large, Agriculture is solely dependent on the hydrological cycle (i.e water cycle) for both irrigation water as well as rainfall. It ensures that crops are receiving the water they need to grow, both of which support food security and boost economies.
Water Resource Management:
The hydrological cycle, the movement of water through the atmosphere, land and bodies of water, is essential to water resources management. It is valuable to anticipate water demand in relation to supply, plan for flood control, and drought management, so communities have access to clean and reliable sources of water.
The anthropogenic influence on the hydrological cycle
Although the hydrological cycle is a natural process, anthropogenic activities all too often interfere with its process:
Deforestation:
Deforestation decreases the amount of water available for transpiring back into the atmosphere, which can potentially affect local and regional weather patterns.
Urbanization:
Constructing buildings and roads increases surface runoff and decreases infiltration, and as a result, flooding becomes more frequent and intense. It also reduces the availability of groundwater.”
Pollution:
Pollutants from industrial, agricultural and domestic activities can pollute water bodies and impair water or ecosystem health.
Climate Change:
Climate change affects precipitation, evaporation and severe weather events — droughts and torrential rains — in ways that may not be obvious. These alterations can greatly affect the availability and distribution of water.
Conclusion
The hydrological cycle is the movement of water through the environment. Water Cycle is a never-ending process of circulating the water, make its distribution and availability of water in different regions, feed ecosystems, help and provide influence to climate. In a world where the human footprint on the environment is ever-increasing, we must interpret and manipulate the hydrological cycle to secure our water supply and the health of our planet. Together, we can help support this natural process for generations to come through conservation efforts and sustainable practices.
See lessWhat are the major objectives of Industrial trial Promotion Policy 20217 Explain with reference to Madhya Pradesh.
Industrial Trial Promotion Policy 2021 Main Goals in Madhya Pradesh Introduction The “Industrial Trial Promotion Policy (ITPP) 2021” Government of Madhya Pradesh launched with the aim to encourage and establish units for innovative settings in the state to provide a growth-based environment. This inRead more
Industrial Trial Promotion Policy 2021 Main Goals in Madhya Pradesh
Introduction
The “Industrial Trial Promotion Policy (ITPP) 2021” Government of Madhya Pradesh launched with the aim to encourage and establish units for innovative settings in the state to provide a growth-based environment. This industrial incentive policy aims to woo new industries, make existing industries competitive and spur socio-economic growth in the state. Its role will be significant in making Madhya Pradesh a leader among the Indian states when it comes to industrial development especially, via its three pillars among which are Infrastructure, Expert resources/conventional investment.
ITPP 2021 Key Goals
Drawing in Industrial Investments
Digits: Different configurations of financial incentives, tax breaks, and faster regulatory policies to draw big industry.
Details: The policy comprises a set of measures through which Madhya Pradesh shall be pro-investor state. These include tax holidays, land & infrastructure subsidies and lowered compliance stomach. The government aims to make itself as a good business environment to attract domestic and FDI.
Improvements to Industrial Infrastructure
Overview: Build and improve industrial facilities such as roads, railway, electricity, and water facilities.
Cause: A well-developed infrastructure is vital for industries to grow and sustain. Connectivity, stable supply of power, and development of industrial parks and SEZs are the main focus of ITPP 2021. By deciding to improve operational costs and efficiency of industrial activities.
Under the 2023 12th Plan, we are driving Innovation and Technology
Key: To stimulate innovation and promote Industry 4.0.
It also incentivizes industries that adopt new technologies and processes. Madhya Pradesh is keen to generate growth in technology-based industry sectors through a culture of innovation and keeping existing enterprises competitive.
Skill Development And Employment Generation
Introduction: To develop a competent workforce and create job opportunities.
Explanation: ITPP 2021 focuses considerably on skill development programs and vocational training. The government will work together with educational institutions and industry leaders to provide education that matches the demands of the job market. The policy also encourages jobs in manufacturing, services, and technology to curtail unemployment and improve per capita income.
Enabling Ease of Doing Business
Thin: To consolidate and eliminate business procedures to facilitate the ease-of-doing-business.
Details: The policy seeks to cut down on red-tapism, simplify the licensing and permit process and also give single-window clearance for industrial projects. These initiatives have good potential for reducing the time and cost of setting up and running businesses to attract more entrepreneurs and investors.
Sustainable Industrial Development
Goal: To promote sustainable and eco-friendly industrial practices.
PRELIMINARY EXPLANATION: The ITPP 2021 stresses that environment sustainability is a must for industrial growth. It promotes the adoption of green technologies and practices in industries that have a minimal environmental impact. Moreover, the policy will serve as an economic stimulus, driving growth and innovation in sectors ranging from renewable energy to waste management, paving the way for a greener and more sustainable future.
The Pillar of Industrial Competitiveness
Madhya Pradesh Industrial Policy Objective: To make the industrial sector of Madhya Pradesh more competitive at the national and international levels.
Rationale: The policy intends to assemble a strong industrial ecosystem to compete with other states and global markets. This involves developing clusters of industries, providing support for export-oriented industries, and market access support, which is something we are doing now. It can also help the state to win a larger share of national and international markets, by improving the overall competitiveness of the sector.
Fostering Entrepreneurship
Goal: Stimulate entrepreneurship and create new ordinances.
Describe ITPP 2021 to assist start-ups and small and medium businesses (SMEs). This includes access to funding, incubation centers and mentorship programs. The policy will encourage innovation and economic growth by creating an environment that is conducive for entrepreneurs.
Promoting Regional Balancing
Goal: To Ensure balanced development of regions by incentivizing industries to establish themselves in less developed regions.
Answer: The policy also offers incentives for industries to set in backward and rural areas. This approach is designed to address regional economic imbalances and support inclusive development. As the government will generate employment and requisite infrastructure in these regions, the socio-economic status of the local people will enhance.
Building Closer Ties Between Industry and Academia
Purpose: Enhance collaboration of industries with academic institutions.
ITPP 2021– Industry-Academia Colloboration by establishing periodic collaborative measures on existing gilt-edged products to create new offerings in the fields of products, services, and technologies, whilst offering industrial organizations a resume of future, high-quality workers.
Conclusion
Madhya Pradesh Industrial Trial Promotion Policy has been primarily framed to cater to the needs of lifting and promoting Trend setting in the industry and future Impact. Through a combination of investment attraction measures, infrastructure development initiatives, innovation promotion strategies, and entrepreneurship support programs, the policy seeks to make Madhya Pradesh a dynamic and competitive industrial center. In addition, the government has highlighted its commitment to sustainable development and regional balancing, which reinforces its vision of inclusive, long-term growth. The policy aims to inspire improvement through its implementation, which is anticipated to lead to a positive impact in the form of socio-economic development of the state and the welfare of its people.
See lessWhere is global skill park in Madhya Pradesh situated and when was it established and with whose help?
Global Skill Park: A Step Towards Redefining Vocational Training in Madhya Pradesh Location and Establishment REMENTORING IN FOCUS The Global Skill Park is the first initiative of its kind in the city of Indore in the state of Madya Pradesh in India aimed at delivering vocational skills of a world-sRead more
Global Skill Park: A Step Towards Redefining Vocational Training in Madhya Pradesh
Location and Establishment
REMENTORING IN FOCUS The Global Skill Park is the first initiative of its kind in the city of Indore in the state of Madya Pradesh in India aimed at delivering vocational skills of a world-standard level to the young adult segment. Established in 2016, this facility has played a pivotal role in ensuring that the highly skilled and trained workforce of the global needs and needs of the 21st-century labour market.
Background and Partnerships
Global Skill Park was established as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between the Government of Madhya Pradesh and NSDC (National Skill Development Corporation) which is a PPP of Government of India under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Another important entity that participated in the project is Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) who provided technical and financial assistance.
Significance
Indore (Madhya Pradesh) : The Global Skill Park has been established with the location of the Global Skill Park facility selected at Indore, that is the center of industries, while Indore is the future centre for skilled and semi-skilled labour. The park aims to bridge the gap so that the existing workforce’s skillset is not at odds with what the industry needs and that the youth are equipped with proper training to tackle jobs in industries like manufacturing, IT, healthcare, and hospitality.
Facilities and Programs
The Global Skill Park in Panchkula has world class infrastructure and training facilities. Here are some of the courses/programs that it offers:
Mechanical & Automotive Engineering: For mechanics, technicians, and engineers.
6) Information Technology & Software Development: IT Support Services, Programming & Software Testing
Health and Medical Services: B.Sc Healthcare Assistants, Nursing Aides, etc.
Hospitality and tourism: 573122 Hotel management, culinary arts and front-of-house services.
Customer service, sales techniques and retail operations programs.
These programs are designed in line with the industry needs, and also provide on-job training and practical experience ensuring trainees are job ready upon successful completion.
Impact and Future Outlook
Global Skill Park is training 1000s of youth since end and furnishing them with skills and employable skills as well as participation certificates which are requisite by local and national industries to hire them. The fact that I absolutely cannot stress enough is that it happens not once but twice, it is the single best thing that can happen for the development of the economy of Indore, it is the single best thing that can happen to ensure that the prisoners can be empowered and enable the youth for the acquirement of the requisite knowledge and skill set to be there in the competitive job market of Madhya Pradesh.
In line with its vision for the future, the Global Skill Park aims to expand its outreach and services, collaborate with more industries and educational institutions to provide a broader array of training programs. And, in this constantly changing landscape, the facility is committed to continuous improvement, using the latest in technology and industry trends to keep its training relevant and effective.
Conclusion
The state and central governments and international partners are equally determined to move the youth towards skills, as seen in the Global Skill Park in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A key contributor to the local vocational education ecosystem since 2016, NSDC- JICA MPMGR is an extension of the Wisdom Tree Foundation to make youth employable by imparting relevant skills needed in today’s job market. It will gradually grow and evolve to play a ever greater role in not only that of the economy of Madhya Pradesh but also the Indian economy as a whole.
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