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Modern India

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Home/Modern India/Page 39

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Jayesh Malhotra
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Jayesh MalhotraBegginer
Asked: September 23, 2024In:
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Analyze how the court enforced colonial rules and put a stop to dissent while under British control.

upsc: development of judiciary under british
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Colonial laws and judiciary in British rule referred to the legal system imposed by the British, comprising laws, courts and judges that reinforced colonial authority.During British rule in India, the judiciary played a complex and multifaceted role in upholding colonial laws and suppressing dissentRead more

    Colonial laws and judiciary in British rule referred to the legal system imposed by the British, comprising laws, courts and judges that reinforced colonial authority.During British rule in India, the judiciary played a complex and multifaceted role in upholding colonial laws and suppressing dissent. Here’s a balanced evaluation

    Upholding Colonial Laws – 

    1. The judiciary helped legitimize British rule by upholding laws that reinforced colonial authority.
    2. Courts enforced laws like the Rowlatt Act (1919) which allowed for detention without trial and the Press Act (1910) which curbed freedom of speech.
    3. The judiciary prioritized protecting British interests often at the expense of Indian rights and welfare.

     

    Suppressing Dissent – 

    1. Courts criminalized nationalist movements labeling them as “seditious” or “treasonous.”
    2. Many Indian freedom fighters including Mahatma Gandhi were imprisoned by British courts for their involvement in the independence movement.
    3. The judiciary upheld laws that restricted civil liberties such as freedom of assembly, association and speech.

     

    In conclusion, the judiciary played a significant role in upholding colonial laws and suppressing dissent during British rule in India. However there were exceptions with some judges and lawyers resisting or challenging colonial authority.

     

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Jayesh Malhotra
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Jayesh MalhotraBegginer
Asked: September 23, 2024In:
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What impact did the adoption of Western legal ideas have on India’s social reforms?

upsc: development of judiciary under british
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Western legal principles refer to the concepts of rule of law, due process, individual rights, equality and justice, rooted in European and Anglo American legal traditions and philosophies since ancient times.The introduction of Western legal principles in India during the British colonial period haRead more

    Western legal principles refer to the concepts of rule of law, due process, individual rights, equality and justice, rooted in European and Anglo American legal traditions and philosophies since ancient times.The introduction of Western legal principles in India during the British colonial period had a significant impact on social reforms in the country. Some key influences include –

    1. The British banned the practice of Sati (widow immolation) in 1829 citing Western legal principles of human rights and dignity.
    2. The Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act (1856) and the Hindu Succession Act (1956) were influenced by Western legal principles aiming to improve women’s rights and social status.
    3. Western legal principles influenced the enactment of laws like the Untouchability Offences Act (1955), which aimed to eradicate caste based discrimination.
    4. The introduction of Western legal principles led to reforms like the Indian Women’s Rights Act (1935) and the Hindu Marriage Act (1955) which improved women’s rights in marriage, inheritance and property.
    5. Western legal principles influenced the development of modern Indian law, with the introduction of concepts like rule of law, due process and individual rights.

     

    These reforms had a lasting impact on Indian society by shaping the country’s social, cultural and legal landscape.

     

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Jayesh Malhotra
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Jayesh MalhotraBegginer
Asked: September 23, 2024In:
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Talk about how access to justice and legal representation are affected by the High Courts Act of 1861.

upsc: development of judiciary under british
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    The High Court Act of 1861 was a British legislation that established High Courts in India replacing the Supreme Courts and Sadar Courts. It reformed the Indian judicial system by expanding jurisdiction and improving access to justice.It had a profound impact on legal representation and access to juRead more

    The High Court Act of 1861 was a British legislation that established High Courts in India replacing the Supreme Courts and Sadar Courts. It reformed the Indian judicial system by expanding jurisdiction and improving access to justice.It had a profound impact on legal representation and access to justice in India. Here are some key effects –

    1. Establishment of High Courts enabled decentralization of justice, increased accessibility and reduced backlog improving legal representation and access to justice nationwide.
    2. Increase in judicial officers enhanced judicial capacity, expedited case disposal and improved access to justice, ensuring timely and effective legal representation for citizens.
    3. Simplified court procedures streamlined litigation, reduced complexities and increased efficiency facilitating easier access to justice and enabling more effective legal representation for all.
    4. Increased jurisdiction empowered High Courts to hear a broader range of cases, expanding access to justice and providing relief to a larger population.
    5. Enhanced judicial review enabled High Courts to scrutinize and set aside flawed decisions, ensuring justice, protecting rights and upholding the rule of law.
    6. Growth of the legal profession led to an increase in skilled lawyers, enhancing legal representation and providing citizens with better access to justice.
    7. Standardization of legal education ensured uniform training for lawyers, improving competence and enabling them to provide high quality legal representation and services.

     

    Overall the High Courts Act of 1861 played a significant role in shaping India’s legal system, expanding access to justice and improving legal representation.

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Pritma Sharma
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Pritma SharmaBegginer
Asked: June 25, 2024In:
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Highlight Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s accomplishments in the areas of international relations and education. (Answer in 250 words)

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Rishi Sharma
    Rishi Sharma Begginer

    Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was India's first Vice President who played a v a vital role in enhancing India's educational system. His birthday, 5th September, is celebrated as Teachers' Day in India. Contribution of S. Radhakrishnan in the field of education Contribution in teaching: Dr. RadhakrishRead more

    Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was India’s first Vice President who played a v a vital role in enhancing India’s educational system. His birthday, 5th September, is celebrated as Teachers’ Day in India. Contribution of S. Radhakrishnan in the field of education

    • Contribution in teaching: Dr. Radhakrishnan remained a teacher throughout his life.
      • He had a long academic career and taught at Chennai’s Presidency College and Calcutta University, and even served as the vice chancellor of Andhra Pradesh University and BHU.
      • He also taught Eastern Religions and Ethics at Oxford for 16 years.
      • He also taught at the Mysore University, University of Calcutta, and University of Chicago.
    • Improving university system: After India attained independence, Dr. Radhakrishnan headed the University Commission in 1948.
      • His committee played a pivotal role in shaping an education system based on India’s needs at the time.
      • The Radhakrishnan Commission Report was India’s first evaluation of the university system.
    • Views on education: According to him, Education is acquiring knowledge beyond what is academic and professional. It is the assimilation of values and ideas for character building and preparing to face life’s challenges.
    • Indian Philosophy: He played a huge role in placing Indian philosophy on the global map. He focused on Hindu schools of thought and expanded his area of interest to include Buddhist teachings and theories.

    Contribution in the field of Foreign Affairs

    • Ambassador to the USSR from 1949 to 1952:
      • Through his peaceful diplomatic brokering, he successfully established a cordial relationship between India and the Soviet Union. This was further aided by the efforts of Dr. Radhakrishnan in developing good relations with people close to Joseph Stalin.
    • As a President: Dr. Radhakrishnan also served as the second President of India from 1962 to 1967.
      • He voiced issues concerning both India and the world during his term as President.
      • It is said that he had postulated a peace plan for the Vietnam War in 1965.
    • Represented India at international organisations:
      • League of Nations: In 1931 he was nominated to the League of Nations Committee for Intellectual Cooperation. √ Dr. Radhakrishnan also challenged what he saw as the divisive potential and dominating character of self-professed international organizations such as the League of Nations. √ Instead, he called for the promotion of a creative internationalism based on the spiritual foundations of integral experience.
      • UNESCO: Dr. Radhakrishnan had been actively involved in the newly incorporated UNESCO serving on its Executive Board as well as leading the Indian delegation from 1946-1951.

    The life of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and his contributions are great assets for the school of Indian modern philosophy. He was a man of knowledge and an educationist, and he contributed a lot to the field of education and foreign affairs.

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Bhairavi Gauatam
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Bhairavi GauatamBegginer
Asked: June 28, 2024In:
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Describe the fundamental ideas that guided Rabindranath Tagore’s nationalist philosophy during the Indian independence movement. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Nisha Gupta
    Nisha Gupta Begginer

    Rabindranath Tagore's views on nationalism were nuanced and distinct from the predominant political nationalism of his time. Tagore believed that nationalism should be rooted in spiritual and humanistic values rather than narrow political interests. He emphasized the importance of moral principles sRead more

    Rabindranath Tagore’s views on nationalism were nuanced and distinct from the predominant political nationalism of his time. Tagore believed that nationalism should be rooted in spiritual and humanistic values rather than narrow political interests. He emphasized the importance of moral principles such as truth, compassion, and justice in shaping a nation’s identity and destiny. Rabindranath Tagore’s vision of nationalism during the Indian freedom struggle was shaped by several key principles:

    1. Against of Western model of independence: Tagore said that India’s problems were social and cultural and not political. He goes on and show why India is different from the western countries and therefore, argued that western model of Independence cannot work for India, as Europeans had their racial unity from the beginning.
    2. Caste System : Tagore was critical of the caste system in India. He says nationalists first address the caste issue. He argues what is the purpose of political freedom when the elites in society are exploiting the lower classes, especially the untouchables.
    3. Separatism : Tagore viewed that nationalism fosters separatism. He rejected the idea of nation-state and believed in the great federation of man.
    4. Education and Enlightenment: Tagore believed in the transformative power of education in fostering enlightened citizens who could contribute positively to society. He established educational institutions like Visva-Bharati to promote a holistic education that combined intellectual growth with spiritual and emotional development.

    Rabindranath warns the people that no nation should project itself in terms of mine and thine. Instead of this, one should feel his existence in the world as a member of one divine nation.

     

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Nandani Naina
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Nandani NainaBegginer
Asked: July 1, 2024In:
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Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar made an incalculable contribution to women’s rights and education within the sociocultural framework of the 19th century. Discuss. (250 words)

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Anushka
    Anushka Begginer

    Indian educator and social reformer Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay lived in the nineteenth century. His attempts to modernise and streamline Bengali prose were noteworthy. In addition, he rationalised and simplified the Bengali alphabet and type, which had not been altered since the first (wooden) BenRead more

    Indian educator and social reformer Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay lived in the nineteenth century. His attempts to modernise and streamline Bengali prose were noteworthy. In addition, he rationalised and simplified the Bengali alphabet and type, which had not been altered since the first (wooden) Bengali type was cut in 1780 by Charles Wilkins and Panchanan Karmakar.
    Because he couldn’t afford a gas lamp at home, he used to study under street lights because his thirst for knowledge was so great. He completed each test with distinction and expeditiously. His excellent academic standing earned him several scholarships.     Ishwar Chandra also took a part-time job as a teacher at Jorashanko to help support the family.
    Ishwar Chandra joined the Sanskrit College, Calcutta and studied there for twelve long years and graduated in 1841 qualifying in Sanskrit Grammar, Literature, Dialectics, Vedanta, Smriti and Astronomy.
    Vidyasagar advocated for improving women’s status in India, especially in Bengal, where he was born. He aimed to change society from within, in contrast to some other reformers who wanted to establish new societies or institutions. Additionally, Vidyasagar opposed polygamy—the practice of men marrying multiple girls—and child marriage.
    Many of these girls would run away and turn to prostitution in order to support themselves because they could no longer stand the mistreatment. Paradoxically, many of them were able to achieve success in their careers after leaving society’s sanction and entering the demi-monde thanks to the city’s economic prosperity and opulent lifestyles.     It was estimated that 12,700 public women and prostitutes lived in Calcutta in 1853.

    Vidyasagar had laughed earlier in 1854 when a wealthy man from Bengal’s goldsmith caste was admitted to Sanskrit College in Calcutta. He argued that “the goldsmith class (Subarnabanik) stands very low in the scale of castes.” Remarkably, Vidyasagar biographer Sanjib Chattopadhyay disclosed that Ishwar Chandra received his primary education at a school run by wealthy Calcutta goldsmith Shibcharan Mallick.

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Hareem Khan
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Hareem KhanBegginer
Asked: July 2, 2024In:
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Provide insight into how Mahatma Gandhi employed symbols and symbolic language to combat social problems and to include the public in the National Movement. (250 words)

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Kangan Phauzdar
    Kangan Phauzdar Begginer

    Mahatma Gandhi's adept use of symbols and symbolic language played a crucial role in integrating the masses into the National Movement and combating social evils. By employing easily relatable symbols, he galvanized widespread participation and communicated complex ideas in an accessible manner. OneRead more

    Mahatma Gandhi’s adept use of symbols and symbolic language played a crucial role in integrating the masses into the National Movement and combating social evils. By employing easily relatable symbols, he galvanized widespread participation and communicated complex ideas in an accessible manner.

    One of the most potent symbols was the spinning wheel (charkha). Gandhi promoted the charkha as a symbol of self-reliance and economic independence, urging Indians to spin their own cloth (khadi) instead of buying British textiles. This simple act became a powerful form of protest against British economic exploitation and united people across classes and regions.

    Gandhi also used the concept of “Satyagraha,” meaning “truth force” or “soul force,” to embody the principles of nonviolent resistance. This symbolic language emphasized the moral high ground and the power of truth in fighting oppression, attracting a diverse following committed to peaceful protest.

    Against social evils like untouchability, Gandhi employed the term “Harijan” (children of God) for the Dalits, aiming to uplift their social status and integrate them into mainstream society. His personal actions, such as cleaning toilets and living with Dalit families, symbolized his commitment to social equality and challenged deep-rooted prejudices.

    The Salt March of 1930 is another notable example. By making salt from seawater at Dandi, Gandhi defied the British monopoly on salt production. This act symbolized the broader struggle for freedom and resonated deeply with the masses, leading to widespread civil disobedience.

    Through these symbols, Gandhi successfully mobilized millions, making the freedom struggle a mass movement. His symbolic language and actions not only united people against colonial rule but also addressed social injustices, leaving a lasting impact on Indian society.

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Bhavesh Desai
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Bhavesh DesaiBegginer
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
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Discuss how Bhagat Singh’s idea of revolutionary nationalism was influenced by anarchist and Marxism. Examine how his theories still hold up in the context of modern-day Indian politics.

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Uday Bhatia
    Uday Bhatia Begginer

    Bhagat Singh defined revolutionary nationalism as "the determination to achieve freedom by all means, including violence, if necessary." It was influenced by various ideologies like Marxism which advocates for the establishment of a classless society through the overthrow of capitalism and AnarchismRead more

    Bhagat Singh defined revolutionary nationalism as “the determination to achieve freedom by all means, including violence, if necessary.” It was influenced by various ideologies like Marxism which advocates for the establishment of a classless society through the overthrow of capitalism and Anarchism which calls for the abolition of all forms of government and social hierarchy.

    Key Elements of Bhagat Singh’s Concept of Revolutionary Nationalism:

    • Armed Resistance: He didn’t believe in passive resistance or civil disobedience as sufficient means to challenge British rule. Eg: He threw non-lethal bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly challenging draconian laws like the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Dispute Act directly.
    • Secularism: Singh stood for a united India and was against communal divisions. Eg: In the Naujawan Bharat Sabha meeting in Lahore (1926), to state secular values, Bhagat Singh and his fellow revolutionaries openly voiced their opposition to any appeasement of all religions and brushed aside slogans like Allahho Akbar, Sat Sri Akal, Vande Mataram, etc.
    • Social Justice: Singh was not just concerned about political freedom but also social freedom. Eg: He openly advocated against untouchability and endorsed women’s rights, revealing a comprehensive view of social justice.
    • Youth Mobilization: Singh recognized the untapped potential of the youth in bringing about revolutionary change. Eg: His founding of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha aimed to mobilize the youth in a structured way for the struggle against colonial rule.
    • Sacrifice: Bhagat Singh acknowledged the role of personal sacrifice in achieving collective freedom. Eg: He willingly accepted the death penalty, becoming a martyr and symbolizing ultimate sacrifice for a cause.
    • Political Education: Bhagat Singh saw the dissemination of political ideas as essential for mass mobilization.: His pamphlets and writings, including the profound “Why I am an Atheist,” served to politically educate the masses.

    Bhagat Singh’s Revolutionary Nationalism was influenced by ideologies like:

    Impact of Marxism

    • Class Struggle: Bhagat Singh was deeply influenced by Marxist ideology, which emphasizes the struggle between classes. He recognized that the British colonial rule was not just a political subjugation but also an economic exploitation of the lower classes.
    • Materialism: His affinity for Marxist materialism steered him toward atheism and scientific temper. Eg: His essay “Why I am an Atheist” articulates this viewpoint, explaining how material conditions shape human life and actions.
    • Workers’ Rights: Marx’s emphasis on proletarian solidarity and labor rights found its way into Bhagat Singh’s advocacy. Eg: He openly spoke against the deplorable conditions Indian laborers were subjected to and argued for better wages and working conditions.
    • Means of Production: His Marxist leanings made him advocate for the public ownership of resources and the means of production. Eg: His socialist writings called for a system where resources were not concentrated in the hands of a few but were collectively owned.

    Impact of Anarchism

    • State Critique: Anarchism greatly influenced Bhagat Singh’s critique of the state machinery. He questioned not only the colonial government but also warned against traditional hierarchies within India.
    • Anti-Authoritarianism: Anarchist principles cemented his anti-authoritarian stance. He was against any form of authoritative rule, be it colonial or autocratic governance in an independent India.
    • Revolutionary Violence: Inspired by anarchist thought, he supported the use of immediate and direct action to achieve revolutionary objectives. Eg: His bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly was not aimed at causing loss of life but was a loud protest against oppressive laws.

    Enduring Significance within the Contemporary Indian Socio-political Landscape:

    • Youth Activism: Bhagat Singh saw the youth as the cornerstone of any revolutionary change. Today, his ethos resonates with the active participation of the youth in political sphere. Ex: Nirbhaya case: Amendment in JJ Act (Juvenile Justice).
    • Social Equality: Singh’s staunch criticism of the caste system and advocacy for social equality still echo in contemporary India. Eg: Modern movements like Dalit activism and anti-caste initiatives continue to draw inspiration from his ideals, emphasizing the urgent need for social reform.
    • Civil Liberties: Bhagat Singh was an ardent defender of civil liberties, including freedom of speech and the right to dissent. Eg: Today, concerns around the imposition of sedition laws and the shrinking space for dissent are reflective of issues that Singh would have stood against.
    • Democratic Ideals: Singh strongly endorsed democratic values and was opposed to any form of autocracy. Eg: Movements protesting restrictions on freedom of speech and the press often refer back to Singh’s commitment to democratic principles.
    • Global Perspective: He drew inspiration from global movements and considered the struggle against imperialism to be universal. Eg: His sense of internationalism is relevant today as Indians increasingly participate in global issues, as seen in solidarity protests for Black Lives Matter.
    • Anti-Corruption: Bhagat Singh’s disdain for corruption and advocacy for a transparent government align with modern sentiments. Eg: Anti-corruption crusades, like the one led by Anna Hazare, often invoke Bhagat Singh as a symbol of integrity and the fight against corruption.

    Overall, Bhagat Singh’s revolutionary nationalism provided a multi-dimensional approach to India’s struggle for freedom. Today, his ideals still echo in various aspects of the Indian socio-political landscape, proving the enduring relevance of his revolutionary vision.

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Chetan Gupta
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Chetan GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
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Talk about SC Bose’s creative military strategies in the INA. Give evidence to support the efficacy or inadequacy of these strategies in influencing anti-colonial movements in India.

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Kangan Phauzdar
    Kangan Phauzdar Begginer

    Subhas Chandra Bose's innovative military tactics within the Indian National Army (INA) significantly influenced India's anti-colonial movement. Bose, a charismatic leader, restructured the INA with a focus on discipline, modern warfare techniques, and inclusive recruitment. His tactics were multi-fRead more

    Subhas Chandra Bose’s innovative military tactics within the Indian National Army (INA) significantly influenced India’s anti-colonial movement. Bose, a charismatic leader, restructured the INA with a focus on discipline, modern warfare techniques, and inclusive recruitment. His tactics were multi-faceted and designed to challenge British colonial rule both militarily and psychologically.

    One of Bose’s key tactics was the incorporation of Japanese military strategies, emphasizing guerrilla warfare, rapid mobility, and psychological operations. The INA’s strategy to infiltrate British-held territories and create a sense of impending threat to British forces was intended to weaken British resolve and morale. Bose’s alliance with Japan provided the INA with advanced training, weapons, and strategic support, which significantly enhanced its operational capabilities.

    Bose’s emphasis on inclusivity within the INA was another innovative tactic. He recruited individuals from diverse religious and ethnic backgrounds, including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and women, fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose. The formation of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, an all-female combat unit, not only challenged traditional gender roles but also inspired broader participation in the freedom struggle.

    However, the effectiveness of Bose’s tactics had limitations. The INA’s reliance on Japanese support made it vulnerable to Japan’s changing fortunes during World War II. The eventual defeat of Japan in 1945 left the INA without crucial military backing, leading to its collapse. Additionally, the INA faced logistical challenges, including inadequate supply lines and communication networks, which hindered sustained military operations.

    Despite these limitations, Bose’s tactics had a profound psychological impact on the Indian anti-colonial movement. The INA’s efforts, coupled with Bose’s inspirational leadership, galvanized nationalist sentiments and demonstrated the possibility of armed resistance against British rule. The trials of INA soldiers by the British further ignited public outrage and intensified demands for independence, contributing significantly to the momentum that eventually led to India’s liberation in 1947.

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Nitin Malhotra
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Nitin MalhotraLearner
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
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Write a critical essay analyzing the development and meaning of the “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan” slogan.

upsc: contribution of personalities
  1. Pritma Sharma
    Pritma Sharma Begginer

    In 1965, India was attacked by Pakistan. At the same time, there was a scarcity of food grains in the country. The then Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan' to enthuse the soldiers to defend India and simultaneously cheered farmers to do their best to incRead more

    In 1965, India was attacked by Pakistan. At the same time, there was a scarcity of food grains in the country. The then Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ to enthuse the soldiers to defend India and simultaneously cheered farmers to do their best to increase the production of food grains to reduce dependence on import.

    Evolution Of The Slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”

    1. In the early 1960s, India suffered some major setbacks. It underwent severe droughts. Also, it had to be involved in forced wars with China and Pakistan.
    2. Food buffer stock had depleted to dangerous levels. The US also stopped its food aid.
    3. The wars had drained the scarce resources it had.
    4. Economy got stagnated due to poor industrial production and problematic balance of payment.
    5. The repercussions were threatening to the survival of India as a nation.

    Significance Of The Slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”

    1. Steps taken under this slogan brought new dynamics to India.
    2. The Green Revolution was one major outcome that removed Indian dependency on others for its food.
    3. It helped it recover its reputation at domestic and international fronts. India had suffered a moral breakdown at both fronts for the losses in the Indo-China war in 1962.
    4. Self-sufficiency in food helped India to focus on other sectors of the economy.
    5. In addition to improved defence status, it helped India to build up independent diplomacy worldwide.

    Goals Not Yet Achieved

    1. Though India became one of the largest food grain producers, it is also a bitter truth that India is home to one of the largest hungry populations in the world.
    2. Farmers’ issues are one of the most neglected sectors, ineffective policymaking. Agrarian crisis and farmers’ suicides are a persistent problem.
    3. Grievances of soldiers are not sufficiently addressed. Food quality, necessary equipment and other aspects are neglected.
    4. It is estimated that the number of soldiers dying due to harsh weather conditions is more than the number of soldiers dying in the border battles.

    Steps Taken By Government

    1. Recently reforms were done concerning armed forces, especially in areas of grievance redressal.
    2. Recently, parliament passed the bills leading to sweeping reforms in the agriculture market to give more freedom and choice to farmers.
    3. PM Fasal Bima and PM Kisan are some of the steps taken to support farmers.
    4. The recent initiative of One Nation One Ration card is also a big step ahead in eliminating hunger.
    5. Existing POSHAN Abhiyan, Mid Day meal schemes, schemes related to women and children’s health and nutrition are also being made more efficient.

    In terms of the quantity of material achievements, India successfully realised the dreams seen under the slogan of ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’. But stark realities of farmers and soldiers ask us to reconsider the efficiency of our policies and approach. Farmers and soldiers both are working to keep India safe and sound, therefore India should not let them unsafe and shattered.

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