Big administrative and economic alterations under British rule in India 1. Administrative Modification: Highly Centralized Government: The British brought about a highly centralized government. The British gained power through the Regulating Act of 1773, the Charter Act of 1833, and the Government oRead more
Big administrative and economic alterations under British rule in India
1. Administrative Modification:
Highly Centralized Government: The British brought about a highly centralized government. The British gained power through the Regulating Act of 1773, the Charter Act of 1833, and the Government of India Act of 1858.
By way of their introduction, Indian Civil Services (ICS) was a government sympathetic to the British Crown that Indians could only sparsely obtain top executive positions.
The codification of laws, including the Indian Penal Code of 1860, which incorporated British legislation brought into India, modernized the legal system but still frequently overlooked the native customs and traditions.
Advanced Infrastructure: Mainly in search of resource extraction and control but resulted in the unaware economic and administrative union of India, they built rails, highways, telegraph lines, and postal services.
Economic evolution:
The Permanent Settlement (Bengal), Ryotwari (South India), and Mahalwari (North India) systems all introduced exploitative taxes, put most of the peasants into debt and deepened great poverty.
Indian handicrafts and traditional industries crashed due to low-cost machine-made imports from Britain, thus leading to economic reliance on agriculture, in turn resulted from deindustrialization.
By promoting cash crops including indigo, cotton, and opium, commercial agriculture helped to cause famines by displacing food crops.
As postulated by Dadabhai Naoroji in his &”Drain of Wealth&” theory, economic policies also offered Britain the tools of depleting India’s riches.
result on Socioeconomic Structure:
Rampant poverty and unemployment grew as a result of the eradication of native industries and high tax rates.
Economic pressures and social dislocations caused complaints that blew up in the Revolt of 1857 among social maladies.
– The rise of the middle class: Westernization also saw India develop a fresh middle class that got politically active and spearheaded the fight for independence.
British infrastructure works and industry drove migrations toward urban areas.
Change in culture: socio-religious reform movements including Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj, which helped society to modernize, arose thanks to English education and exposure to Western ideas.
In India, the difficulties of being exploited as well as the chances resulted from British legal and economic changes had a more profound influence on society run straight. Some of the potential results were political enlightenment and socio-cultural changes.
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Reasons for the Rise of the Roman Empire: 1. Military Conquests: Successful military campaigns expanded territory and influence, securing resources and wealth. 2. Strategic Alliances: Diplomatic alliances with neighboring states and tribes bolstered Rome's power and stability. 3. Administrative EffiRead more
Reasons for the Rise of the Roman Empire:
1. Military Conquests: Successful military campaigns expanded territory and influence, securing resources and wealth.
2. Strategic Alliances: Diplomatic alliances with neighboring states and tribes bolstered Rome’s power and stability.
3. Administrative Efficiency: Effective governance and legal reforms facilitated centralized control and integration of conquered regions.
4. Economic Prosperity: Trade, agriculture, and taxation generated significant wealth, supporting infrastructure and public projects.
5. Cultural Integration: Assimilation of diverse cultures and practices strengthened societal cohesion and loyalty.
Reasons for the Fall of the Roman Empire:
1. Political Corruption: Ineffective leadership and corruption weakened governance and administration.
See less2. Economic Decline: Heavy taxation, inflation, and economic mismanagement eroded financial stability.
3. Military Overreach: Overexpansion led to logistical challenges and vulnerability to external invasions.
4. Barbarian Invasions: Continuous invasions by barbarian tribes destabilized the Empire’s borders.
5. Internal Conflict: Civil wars and power struggles undermined unity and cohesion.