Ethical & Moral Values in Governance

Model Answer

Introduction

Constitutional morality refers to the commitment of individuals, institutions, and governments to uphold the principles and values enshrined in a country’s constitution. It embodies the belief that the constitution is the supreme law, necessitating respect and adherence from all citizens and authorities.

Body

Upholding constitutional morality is crucial for the effective functioning of a democratic society, as it ensures the rule of law and protects citizens’ rights and freedoms. Here are several ways to uphold constitutional morality:

1. Uphold Core Principles

Individuals and institutions should promote the principles of justice, equality, and liberty as outlined in the constitution. Policies reflecting these values strengthen societal commitment to constitutional ideals.

2. Respect Constitutional Institutions

It is vital to ensure that constitutional provisions and institutions operate independently and impartially. This respect fosters a system where checks and balances are maintained.

3. Protect Fundamental Rights

Upholding the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens is essential. These rights must be safeguarded against any infringement by the state or individuals.

4. Honor the Democratic Process

The democratic process should be transparent, participatory, and accountable. Engaging citizens in governance reinforces democratic principles and constitutional values.

5. Promote Constitutional Education

Educating citizens about the importance of constitutional morality fosters a culture of respect for the constitution. Awareness campaigns can help instill these values in society.

Examples of Upholding Constitutional Morality

• The Indian Supreme Court’s decision to strike down the practice of triple talaq exemplifies the protection of fundamental rights for Muslim women.
• The U.S. Supreme Court’s legalization of same-sex marriage reinforced principles of equality and non-discrimination (Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015).
• South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission promoted accountability and healing in a post-apartheid society, reflecting constitutional values.
• The adoption of the Indian Constitution itself demonstrates a commitment to democracy, secularism, and social justice.

Conclusion

Upholding constitutional morality is vital for protecting citizens’ rights and freedoms and ensuring the integrity of democratic governance. It emphasizes that the constitution is the supreme law of the land, deserving respect and adherence from all.

Model Answer

Introduction

Persuasion and social influence are integral tools in public service, fostering behavioral and societal changes.

• Persuasion: A process where individuals or entities influence others’ beliefs or behaviors.
• Social Influence: The way individuals alter their actions or ideas to align with societal norms or authority.

Role of Persuasion in Public Service

1. Disaster Management

• Fact: Persuasion aids in enforcing life-saving measures during emergencies.
• Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, persuasion encouraged social distancing and mask-wearing, mitigating the spread of the virus.

2. Healthcare

• Fact: Persuasion helps include marginalized groups in public health initiatives.
• Example: The Pulse Polio Campaign involved door-to-door visits to ensure complete immunization, especially in underserved areas.

3. Economic Health

• Fact: Persuasive campaigns can encourage fiscal responsibility.
• Example: Over 1.13 crore people voluntarily gave up their LPG subsidy under the Ujjwala Scheme’s “Give it Up” campaign, reducing government expenditure.

4. Conflict Resolution

• Fact: Persuasion facilitates peaceful solutions in law-and-order situations.
• Example: Police persuading Maoists to surrender and reintegrate into mainstream society has helped resolve conflicts in affected regions.

Role of Social Influence in Public Service

1. Social Change

• Fact: Social influence drives shifts in societal norms and attitudes.
• Example: The “Selfie with Daughter” campaign challenged patriarchy and promoted gender equality, inspiring communities to value daughters.

2. Policy Implementation

• Fact: Social influence enhances the effectiveness of public programs.
• Example: The Swachh Bharat Mission utilized social influence to promote behavioral change, resulting in over 50% of villages achieving ODF (Open Defecation Free) Plus status.

Conclusion

Persuasion and social influence are indispensable tools in public service, enabling officials to engage communities, resolve conflicts, and implement policies effectively. However, these tools must be used ethically and responsibly to ensure inclusive and participatory development. By leveraging these values, public servants can foster positive societal changes and strengthen governance in India.