उत्तर लेखन के लिए रोडमैप 1. परिचय नागर और द्रविड़ शैली की मंदिर स्थापत्य कला का संक्षिप्त परिचय। चर्चा का उद्देश्य: समानताओं और भिन्नताओं को स्पष्ट करना। 2. नागर और द्रविड़ शैलियों के बीच समानताएँ गर्भगृह (Garbhagriha): मुख्य स्थान के लिए स्थान, जिसे ‘गर्भगृह’ कहा ...
The emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the constitution, from Article 352 to 360. The President rule can be proclaimed under Article 356 on two grounds- one mentioned in Article 356 itself and another is Article 365: Article 356 is issued if president is satisfied that a situation hRead more
The emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the constitution, from Article 352 to 360.
The President rule can be proclaimed under Article 356 on two grounds- one mentioned in Article 356 itself and another is Article 365:
- Article 356 is issued if president is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution .
- Article 365 says that whenever a state fails to comply with or to give affect to any direction from the Centre , it will be lawful for the president to hold that a situation has arisen in which a government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution.
Procedure for its imposition-:
- A proclamation imposing president rule must be approved by both the houses of parliament within two months from the date of its issue.
- If approved by both the houses of parliament, the president’s rule continues for six months. It can be extended for a maximum period of three years with the approval of the parliament every six months.
- Every resolution approving the proclamation of president’s rule or it’s continuation can be passed by either house of parliament only by a simple majority.
- The 44th amendment Act of 1978 introduced a new provision to put restraint on the power of parliament. Thus, it provided that, beyond one year, the president’s rule can be extended by six months at a time only when two conditions are fulfilled:
a) a proclamation of National Emergency should be in operation in the whole of India or in the whole or any part of the state.
b) the Election Commission must certify that the general elections to the legislative assembly of the concerned state cannot be held on the account of difficulties.
Consequences of President Rule:
- He can take up the functions of the state government and powers vested in the governor or any other executive authority in the state.
- He can declare that the powers of the state legislature are to be exercised by the parliament.
- He can take all other necessary steps including the suspension of the constitutional provisions relating to any body or authority in the state.
- He dismisses the state council of ministers headed by the chief minister. The state governor on behalf of the president, carries on the state administration with the help of chief secretary of the state .
These powers are vested on President to safeguard the constitutional provisions in the state but these power directly challenge the federal character of the state and inclines towards the dictatorial motives too.
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मॉडल उत्तर परिचय भारत में मंदिर वास्तुकला के विकास के दौरान, नागरा और द्रविड़ शैली के प्रमुख रूप सामने आए। दोनों शैलियों में कुछ समानताएँ हैं, लेकिन उनके बीच महत्वपूर्ण अंतर भी हैं। समानताएँ गर्भगृह (Sanctum): यह वह स्थान है जहाँ मुख्य deity रखी जाती है। मंडप (Mandapa): सांस्कृतिक सभा के लिए खुला स्Read more
मॉडल उत्तर
परिचय
भारत में मंदिर वास्तुकला के विकास के दौरान, नागरा और द्रविड़ शैली के प्रमुख रूप सामने आए। दोनों शैलियों में कुछ समानताएँ हैं, लेकिन उनके बीच महत्वपूर्ण अंतर भी हैं।
समानताएँ
भिन्नताएँ
उदाहरण
निष्कर्ष
नागरा और द्रविड़ शैली की वास्तुकला भारतीय मंदिर स्थापत्य में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देती हैं। इनका अध्ययन न केवल वास्तुकला के विकास को दर्शाता है बल्कि सांस्कृतिक धरोहर को भी समृद्ध करता है। दोनों शैलियों के कई उदाहरण यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थलों की सूची में शामिल हैं, जो उनकी ऐतिहासिक और सांस्कृतिक महत्व को दर्शाते हैं (Source: “Indian Temple Architecture: Forms and Functions” by Adam Hardy).
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