Daily Answer Writing

मॉडल उत्तर

सामाजिक जवाबदेही: परिचय और महत्व

सामाजिक जवाबदेही एक ऐसा दृष्टिकोण है जो नागरिकों के सक्रिय सहभागिता पर आधारित होता है। इसके अंतर्गत नागरिक और नागरिक समाज संगठन सीधे या परोक्ष रूप से शासन के निर्णयों और कार्यों की जवाबदेही तय करते हैं। इसके उदाहरणों में सामाजिक अंकेक्षण, सार्वजनिक व्यय पर निगरानी, भागीदारी बजट निर्माण आदि शामिल हैं। ये तंत्र सरकार के पारंपरिक जवाबदेही तंत्र के पूरक होते हैं, जिससे नागरिक शासन के कार्यों में सक्रिय भूमिका निभाते हैं।

महत्व

सामाजिक जवाबदेही का महत्व शासन की गुणवत्ता सुधारने, सेवा वितरण प्रभावशीलता बढ़ाने और समाज के कमजोर वर्गों को सशक्त बनाने में है।

1. बेहतर शासन: इससे नागरिक अपनी आवाज़ सरकार तक पहुंचाकर सकारात्मक बदलाव ला सकते हैं।
2. विकास में प्रभावशीलता: नागरिक और नीति निर्माताओं के बीच संवाद सेवा वितरण में सुधार करता है और पारदर्शिता को बढ़ावा देता है।
3. सशक्तिकरण: यह वंचित और कमजोर वर्गों को अपनी आवश्यकताओं के लिए राज्य की जवाबदेही तय करने का मंच प्रदान करता है।

सामाजिक जवाबदेही की सफलता के प्रमुख कारक

1. राजनीतिक संदर्भ और संस्कृति: लोकतांत्रिक शासन, नागरिक अधिकारों की सुरक्षा, और पारदर्शिता जैसी राजनीतिक संस्कृति इसकी सफलता के लिए अहम हैं।
2. सूचना तक पहुंच: सरकारी दस्तावेजों की उपलब्धता और विश्वसनीयता आवश्यक है ताकि नागरिक सरकार को जवाबदेह ठहरा सकें।
3. मीडिया की भूमिका: स्वतंत्र मीडिया जानकारी देने, निगरानी रखने और भ्रष्टाचार को उजागर करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।
4. नागरिक समाज की क्षमता: संगठनों की वैधता, प्रभावी मीडिया उपयोग और सदस्यता का विस्तार सफलता के लिए आवश्यक हैं।
5. राज्य व नागरिक समाज का तालमेल: जब नागरिक, नेता और सिविल सेवक मिलकर कार्य करते हैं, तो बेहतर परिणाम प्राप्त होते हैं।
6. संस्थानीकरण: जब सामाजिक जवाबदेही तंत्र संस्थागत होते हैं, तो इनका प्रभाव और स्थायित्व अधिक होता है।

Model Answer

Consequentialism and Resource Allocation

Space exploration requires massive resources. The question arises whether these resources should be used for space exploration or directed toward addressing urgent human welfare needs on Earth. The opportunity cost of space ventures must be considered, as the outcomes of commercial space exploration are still uncertain, and these resources could potentially benefit humanity in more immediate ways.

2. Uneven Distribution of Benefits

The benefits of commercial space exploration will largely accrue to countries and companies with the financial capacity to invest in space ventures. This risks deepening global inequalities, where poorer and developing nations will miss out on the technological and economic advantages of space exploration, thus exacerbating the divide.

3. Space Privatization and Market Dominance

The privatization of space exploration might lead to monopolistic or oligopolistic control over space activities. With private companies driven by profit motives, the commercialization of space could focus on profit rather than the broader scientific or global benefits. Additionally, the lack of government oversight could result in ethical concerns around accountability and transparency in space operations.

4. Ecocide and Space Debris

Human activity in space could lead to the creation of space debris, potentially causing long-term damage to the space environment. Moreover, contamination of other celestial bodies with Earth’s biological material could have unknown consequences for both space environments and Earth itself.

5. Policy and Legal Implications

As private companies and nations become more involved in space, there may be insufficient legal frameworks to govern activities in space. The existing multilateral space treaties might become outdated, leading to potential conflicts and legal disputes over space resources, territories, and responsibilities.

Conclusion

While commercial space exploration promises technological advancements and economic opportunities, the ethical concerns related to resource allocation, equity, environmental impact, and legal frameworks demand careful consideration. Balancing innovation with ethical responsibility will shape the future of space exploration.

Model Answer

The Power of Administrators: Benefits and Risks

Administrators in India wield considerable power, enabling them to shape policies, implement schemes, and manage resources. When this power is used appropriately, it can lead to significant benefits for the nation.

Positive Outcomes of Proper Use of Power

1. Improving Access to Basic Necessities: Administrators can leverage their resources to ensure the provision of basic services. For instance, Santha Sheela Nair spearheaded the mandatory implementation of rainwater harvesting in Chennai, alleviating the city’s water crisis in the early 2000s.
2. Empowering Marginalized Communities: Programs initiated by administrators like Aruna Sundararajan’s Kudumbashree project have empowered women, fostering social and economic inclusion.
3. Technological Advancements: Administrators have led the way in adopting e-governance, making government services more accessible and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies.
4. Preventing Crime: Administrators like Durga Shakti Nagpal have used their authority to combat unlawful activities, such as the sand mafia, with notable courage.
5. Inspiring the Youth: Administrators also act as role models, as seen in the case of Krishna Gopal Tiwari, India’s first visually challenged district collector, who has motivated countless young people.

Consequences of Abusing Power

However, when power is misused, it can lead to serious repercussions:

1. Corruption: Some administrators misuse their authority for personal gain, leading to widespread corruption. For example, Pooja Singh, an IAS officer from Jharkhand, was found with unaccounted wealth worth crores.
2. Developmental Hindrances: Corruption and bureaucratic inefficiency can hinder national development, affecting investments and the ease of doing business in India.
3. Security Concerns: Abuse of power, such as the AgustaWestland deal, can compromise national security, as bureaucrats and officials prioritize personal benefits over the country’s safety.
4. Other Social Issues: Abuse of power contributes to criminal influence in politics, increasing inequality, and a lack of focus on essential reforms.

Conclusion

While transparency, such as digital record-keeping, can reduce abuses, the crux of the issue lies in the moral integrity of administrators. Without strong ethical grounding, controlling the misuse of power becomes a major challenge.

Model Answer

Impartiality and Compassion in Public Service

In the realm of public service, impartiality is often regarded as a core ethical value, signifying fairness and objectivity in decision-making. However, this principle should not be seen as preventing compassion in the delivery of services. Both values can coexist and complement each other, especially in a diverse and complex society like India.

Impartiality in Public Service

Impartiality ensures that all decisions are made based on merit without bias towards any individual. It aims to provide equal treatment and uphold justice. In public service, it is essential that civil servants follow the law and policies impartially, ensuring fairness and equity in their decisions.

Role of Compassion

Compassion, on the other hand, requires sensitivity to the needs of individuals and a willingness to help alleviate their suffering. Public servants must balance their responsibility to be impartial with the need to show empathy and understanding, particularly when dealing with vulnerable populations.

Impartiality and Compassion: Complementary, Not Contradictory

In India’s context, where the Constitution mandates affirmative action and policies to uplift marginalized groups, compassion is embedded in the framework of governance. For example, if a person does not possess necessary documentation like an Aadhaar number for availing services, impartiality would demand adherence to rules, but compassion would require helping the individual navigate the bureaucratic hurdles. In such cases, civil servants are expected to use discretion to ensure that policies are applied without causing harm to the disadvantaged.

Conclusion

Thus, while impartiality ensures fairness, compassion allows public servants to be more responsive to individual circumstances, making the public service system more effective and human. A balance between these two values is necessary to address the multifaceted challenges faced by India’s citizens, ensuring that the poorest and most marginalized are served with dignity and fairness.