Deforestation significantly alters local microclimates and biodiversity in several ways. Removing trees reduces the canopy cover that regulates temperature and humidity, leading to increased temperature extremes and changes in precipitation patterns. This alteration disrupts the microclimate, affecting the water cycle and soil moisture levels.

Biodiversity suffers as habitats are destroyed, threatening species dependent on specific forest ecosystems. This loss can disrupt ecological balance, leading to declines in pollinators, natural pest controllers, and plant diversity.

On a global scale, deforestation contributes to climate change through several mechanisms. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as carbon sinks. When trees are cleared, this stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, increasing greenhouse gas levels and exacerbating global warming. Additionally, forests play a role in cloud formation and regional climate regulation through transpiration and evaporation processes, influencing local and global weather patterns.

Ultimately, deforestation disrupts both local ecosystems and global climate stability, highlighting the interconnectedness of environmental health across scales. Efforts to mitigate deforestation, such as reforestation and sustainable land management practices, are crucial for preserving biodiversity and mitigating climate change impacts.