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Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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Asked: 2024-08-23T10:22:48+05:30 In:

Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE. (150 words) [UPSC 2018]

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Roadmap for Answer Writing

1. Introduction (30-40 words)

  • Provide a brief introduction to LWE (Left Wing Extremism) or Naxalism and its impact on India’s internal security.
  • Mention the current trend: Although LWE is on the decline, it continues to affect several regions.

Relevant Fact: Left Wing Extremism is a significant threat, particularly in central and eastern India, disrupting socio-economic development and governance. (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.)

2. Decline in LWE Activities (50-60 words)

  • Highlight the reduction in LWE violence in recent years.
  • Provide data on reduced incidents and casualties.

Relevant Facts:

  • 76% reduction in LWE-related violent incidents in 2022 compared to 2010.
  • Civilian and security personnel deaths dropped by 90%, from 1005 in 2010 to 98 in 2022.
  • LWE-affected districts halved from 90 to 45. (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, 2022.)

3. Government’s Multi-faceted Approach (150-160 words)

a. Security Measures

  • SRE Scheme: Financially supports states to enhance security infrastructure for combating LWE.
  • Modernisation of Police Forces: State police forces are being modernized with better weapons, communication systems, and training.

Relevant Fact: The Security Related Expenditure (SRE) scheme strengthens state capabilities in fighting LWE. (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.)

b. Developmental Initiatives

  • Integrated Action Plan (IAP): Focus on rapid development in LWE-affected areas to address socio-economic issues.
  • Aspirational Districts Programme: Targets development in historically underdeveloped districts affected by LWE.

Relevant Fact: The Aspirational Districts Programme aims to uplift regions facing extreme poverty and LWE influence. (Source: NITI Aayog.)

c. Political Approaches

  • Enhancing Local Governance: Strengthening Panchayati Raj institutions to boost local participation and address grievances.

Relevant Fact: Improved local governance helps reduce political grievances that fuel extremism. (Source: Ministry of Panchayati Raj.)

d. Social Strategies

  • Rehabilitation and Surrender Policies: Encouraging Naxals to surrender and reintegrate into society through incentivized programs.

Relevant Fact: Rehabilitation policies help Naxals reintegrate into society while maintaining law and order. (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.)

4. Conclusion (30-40 words)

  • Summarize the positive impact of the government’s multi-faceted approach in reducing LWE violence.
  • Emphasize the need for continuous focus on local governance, inclusive growth, and technological advancements to maintain peace in affected regions.
upsc: extremism

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2 Answers

  1. Amara Kulkarni
    Begginer

    Government of India’s Approach to Counter Left Wing Extremism (LWE):

    **1. Security-First Strategy:

    • Increased Deployment: The government has reinforced security forces in LWE-affected areas. This includes the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) like CRPF and the formation of specialized units such as the CoBRA (Commando Battalion for Resolute Action).
    • Recent Example: In 2023, a significant operation in Chhattisgarh resulted in the neutralization of key Maoist leaders, demonstrating the effectiveness of increased security measures.

    **2. Development Initiatives:

    • Infrastructure Development: Efforts are made to improve infrastructure in remote areas to cut off the support base of LWE groups. This includes roads, schools, and health facilities.
    • Example: The construction of the Bastar district’s roads under the Prime Minister’s Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) aims to enhance connectivity and reduce LWE influence.

    **3. Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy:

    • Incentive Programs: The government provides incentives for Maoists to surrender and reintegrate into society. This includes financial assistance, vocational training, and rehabilitation services.
    • Example: The Chhattisgarh government’s surrender policy has seen numerous Maoists give up arms and reintegrate into mainstream society.

    **4. Community Engagement:

    • Trust-Building Measures: Efforts are made to build trust between security forces and local communities through dialogue and development programs.
    • Example: The establishment of peace committees and local governance reforms in Jharkhand aims to address local grievances and reduce support for LWE groups.

    In summary, the Government of India’s multi-faceted approach combines security measures, development initiatives, rehabilitation programs, and community engagement to effectively counter Left Wing Extremism.

  2. Team
    Supreme

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Left Wing Extremism (LWE), commonly referred to as Naxalism, has been a serious threat to India’s internal security, especially in central and eastern regions. LWE disrupts socio-economic development and challenges democratic governance. Although LWE violence has shown a significant downward trend in recent years, it continues to affect many parts of the country.

    Reduction in LWE Incidents

    Government efforts have led to remarkable progress in reducing LWE activities. For example:

    • Violent incidents related to LWE dropped by 76% in 2022 compared to 2010.
    • Deaths of civilians and security personnel due to LWE fell by 90%, from 1005 in 2010 to just 98 in 2022.
    • The number of LWE-affected districts has decreased from 90 to 45.
      Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, 2022.

    Government Measures to Counter LWE

    1. Security Measures

      • Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme: This scheme financially supports state governments to strengthen their security forces and infrastructure in combating LWE.
      • Modernisation of State Police Forces: Police forces are being equipped with modern weapons, communication systems, and enhanced training programs to increase their efficiency.
        Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

    2. Developmental Initiatives

      • Integrated Action Plan (IAP): This initiative focuses on reducing socio-economic disparities in LWE-affected regions by accelerating development projects.
      • Aspirational Districts Programme: Targets underdeveloped districts, many of which are LWE-affected, to transform them through multi-sectoral development efforts.
        Source: NITI Aayog, Government of India.

    3. Political Approaches

      • Enhancing Local Governance: Strengthening Panchayati Raj institutions to increase local participation in governance and address grievances that fuel extremism.
        Source: Ministry of Panchayati Raj.

    4. Social Strategies

      • Rehabilitation and Surrender Policies: These policies incentivize Naxals to surrender and reintegrate into society, offering a humane approach while maintaining law enforcement.
        Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

    Conclusion

    The significant reduction in LWE incidents highlights the success of India’s comprehensive strategy. Moving forward, enhancing local governance, focusing on inclusive growth, and leveraging technology for both development and security will be crucial to ensuring lasting peace in LWE-affected regions.

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