Model Answer

Introduction

Left Wing Extremism (LWE), commonly referred to as Naxalism, has been a serious threat to India’s internal security, especially in central and eastern regions. LWE disrupts socio-economic development and challenges democratic governance. Although LWE violence has shown a significant downward trend in recent years, it continues to affect many parts of the country.

Reduction in LWE Incidents

Government efforts have led to remarkable progress in reducing LWE activities. For example:

• Violent incidents related to LWE dropped by 76% in 2022 compared to 2010.
• Deaths of civilians and security personnel due to LWE fell by 90%, from 1005 in 2010 to just 98 in 2022.
• The number of LWE-affected districts has decreased from 90 to 45.
  Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, 2022.

Government Measures to Counter LWE

1. Security Measures

   • Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme: This scheme financially supports state governments to strengthen their security forces and infrastructure in combating LWE.
   • Modernisation of State Police Forces: Police forces are being equipped with modern weapons, communication systems, and enhanced training programs to increase their efficiency.
     Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

2. Developmental Initiatives

   • Integrated Action Plan (IAP): This initiative focuses on reducing socio-economic disparities in LWE-affected regions by accelerating development projects.
   • Aspirational Districts Programme: Targets underdeveloped districts, many of which are LWE-affected, to transform them through multi-sectoral development efforts.
     Source: NITI Aayog, Government of India.

3. Political Approaches

   • Enhancing Local Governance: Strengthening Panchayati Raj institutions to increase local participation in governance and address grievances that fuel extremism.
     Source: Ministry of Panchayati Raj.

4. Social Strategies

   • Rehabilitation and Surrender Policies: These policies incentivize Naxals to surrender and reintegrate into society, offering a humane approach while maintaining law enforcement.
     Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

Conclusion

The significant reduction in LWE incidents highlights the success of India’s comprehensive strategy. Moving forward, enhancing local governance, focusing on inclusive growth, and leveraging technology for both development and security will be crucial to ensuring lasting peace in LWE-affected regions.