Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly explain the significance of Quantum Mechanics: A theory in physics that explains the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels, governing phenomena such as wave-particle duality, superposition, and entanglement. Mention the United Nations’ declaration ...
Model Answer Introduction The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater, driven by factors such as population growth, climate change, and pollution. Innovative technologies are essential to address this crisis. Here are three alternative technologies that can help solve the fresRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater, driven by factors such as population growth, climate change, and pollution. Innovative technologies are essential to address this crisis. Here are three alternative technologies that can help solve the freshwater scarcity issue, along with their merits and demerits.
1. Desalination Technologies
Desalination involves converting seawater into freshwater by removing salt and impurities. This technology is particularly beneficial for coastal regions facing freshwater shortages. For instance, the Sorek desalination plant in Israel supplies approximately 20% of the country’s drinking water.
- Merits:
- Provides a reliable water source for coastal areas.
- Can produce large quantities of freshwater to meet urban demands.
- Demerits:
- High energy consumption, which can increase carbon footprints.
- Environmental concerns related to brine disposal, which can harm marine ecosystems.
2. Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting captures and stores rainwater for reuse, especially in areas with seasonal rainfall. Traditional methods, such as Johads in Rajasthan, effectively recharge groundwater and provide irrigation water.
- Merits:
- Simple to implement and cost-effective.
- Reduces reliance on groundwater and helps in groundwater recharge.
- Demerits:
- Effectiveness is limited in regions with low rainfall.
- Requires adequate storage infrastructure to be effective.
3. Wastewater Recycling and Reuse
This technology treats and reuses wastewater for various applications, including industrial use and potable water. Singapore’s NEWater project is a notable example, meeting about 40% of the country’s water needs.
- Merits:
- Conserves freshwater by recycling used water.
- Reduces the burden on freshwater sources and wastewater treatment facilities.
- Demerits:
- High initial setup costs can be a barrier to implementation.
- Public resistance to using treated wastewater may hinder acceptance.
Conclusion
In conclusion, tackling freshwater scarcity requires a combination of innovative technologies like desalination, rainwater harvesting, and wastewater recycling, along with effective policies and community involvement to ensure sustainable water access.
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Model Answer Technologies Based on Quantum Mechanics Quantum mechanics, which governs the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels, plays a crucial role in many modern technologies. Some of the key technologies that rely on quantum principles include: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRRead more
Model Answer
Technologies Based on Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics, which governs the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels, plays a crucial role in many modern technologies. Some of the key technologies that rely on quantum principles include:
India’s Initiatives in Quantum Science and Technology
India is actively advancing in the field of quantum science and technology, with several initiatives to foster research, development, and innovation:
India’s initiatives position it to contribute to the global quantum revolution while benefiting from its innovations in this transformative field.
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