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Home/upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 25, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976. Mention its significance during a politically turbulent period and its pivotal role in reshaping the Indian Constitution. State that the Act introduced several major reforms, some of which have had ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 was a landmark moment in India's constitutional development, enacted during a period of political unrest. It introduced significant reforms that reshaped the nation's legal and political framework, influencing the evolution of democratic goverRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 was a landmark moment in India’s constitutional development, enacted during a period of political unrest. It introduced significant reforms that reshaped the nation’s legal and political framework, influencing the evolution of democratic governance in India.

    Positive Reforms

    1. Strengthening Social Justice:
      • Fundamental Duties: The Act added Part IVA (Article 51A), which outlined fundamental duties, promoting national unity and social responsibility.
      • Amendment to the Preamble: The words “Socialist” and “Secular” were added, underscoring India’s commitment to social justice and religious tolerance.
      • Directive Principles: Articles 39A, 43A, and 48A were introduced to ensure the government’s commitment to promoting economic equality, social justice, and environmental protection.
      • Tribunals: The establishment of administrative and other tribunals under Part XIV-A was aimed at ensuring efficient resolution of socio-economic issues.
    2. Promoting National Unity and Integrity:
      • Preamble Change: The words “Unity and Integrity of the Nation” were included, emphasizing national cohesion.
      • Enhanced Central Power: Article 257A increased the central government’s authority to deploy forces to maintain internal security.
    3. Enhanced Executive Efficiency:
      • The President was made bound by the advice of the Cabinet, enhancing executive decision-making efficiency.

    Negative Aspects

    1. Erosion of Individual Rights: The Act restricted judicial review during emergencies and curtailed fundamental rights, which led to concerns over potential misuse and suppression of dissent.
    2. Curtailed Judicial Review: The Act limited the judiciary’s ability to review constitutional amendments and actions, undermining the principle of checks and balances.
    3. Increased Executive Power: Expanded presidential powers during emergencies and the suspension of rights raised concerns about authoritarian governance.

    Significance in Shaping Constitutional Landscape

    1. Reaffirming Core Values: The insertion of “Socialist” and “Secular” into the Preamble reinforced India’s dedication to justice, equality, and tolerance.
    2. Kesavananda Bharati Case: The 42nd Amendment triggered the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case, which led to the establishment of the “Basic Structure Doctrine,” asserting that certain constitutional features cannot be altered by Parliament.
    3. 44th Amendment: The 44th Amendment in 1978 rectified some provisions of the 42nd Amendment, restoring individual rights and judicial independence.
    4. Directive Principles vs. Fundamental Rights: The 42nd Amendment prioritized Directive Principles, shifting the focus towards the state’s role in socio-economic reforms.

    Conclusion

    The 42nd Amendment left a controversial but lasting legacy on India’s constitutional framework. Its impact sparked debates and legal battles, leading to reforms that balanced executive power, judicial independence, and the protection of individual rights in the years that followed.

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Darshan Suresh
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Darshan SureshBegginer
Asked: January 11, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction (approx. 100-150 words) Start with a brief introduction to the issue of poverty and inequality in India: Define poverty and discuss its relationship with social, economic, and political exclusion. Highlight that poverty often acts as an ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Analysis of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act on Welfare Redefinition in India Positive Impacts: Promoting Inclusive Development: The amendment widens welfare measures to include economically weaker sections, fostering inclusive growth (Source: Indian Constitution). Addressing EconRead more

    Model Answer

    Analysis of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act on Welfare Redefinition in India

    Positive Impacts:

    1. Promoting Inclusive Development: The amendment widens welfare measures to include economically weaker sections, fostering inclusive growth (Source: Indian Constitution).
    2. Addressing Economic Inequalities: It transitions reservations beyond caste, tackling economic disparities effectively (Source: Indian Judiciary).
    3. Emerging Criteria: Introducing socio-economic factors like poverty and regional backwardness broadens discussions on deprivation (Source: Legal Proceedings).
    4. Elevating the Poor in General Category: EWS reservations offer economic justice and expand affirmative action perspectives (Source: Legal Precedents).
    5. Fulfilling Constitutional Mandate: Aligns with Article 46, emphasizing weaker section upliftment (Source: Indian Constitution).

    Concerns:

    1. Social Upliftment vs. Poverty Alleviation: Reservations might overlook poverty alleviation alternatives (Source: Social Policy Experts).
    2. Equality Violation: Excluding OBCs and SC/STs challenges equal opportunity principles (Source: Social Justice Observers).
    3. Income Criteria Issues: The Rs. 8 lakh annual income limit raises concerns over inclusivity (Source: Socio-Economic Analysts).
    4. Artificial Criteria: Solely economic grounds for discrimination fail to address caste-based biases (Source: Academic Discourse).

    In redefining welfare, precise targeting and evolving frameworks are vital for effectively aiding the most deserving. Continuous refinement is imperative to ensure the policy’s inclusivity and relevance in combating India’s persistent challenges of deprivation and discrimination.

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Sohan Choudhury
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Sohan ChoudhuryBegginer
Asked: January 4, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction (30-40 words) Purpose: Introduce the significance of the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, highlighting it as a comprehensive reform known as the “Mini ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answers Introduction The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, also known as the "Mini Constitution," introduced several significant changes to the Indian Constitution. These changes impacted various aspects of governance, judiciary, federalism, and individual duties, marking a transformatiRead more

    Model Answers

    Introduction

    The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, also known as the “Mini Constitution,” introduced several significant changes to the Indian Constitution. These changes impacted various aspects of governance, judiciary, federalism, and individual duties, marking a transformative period in India’s constitutional history.

    Changes in the Preamble

    The Preamble was amended to include the terms “socialist” and “secular,” reflecting a broader vision of India’s values. Additionally, the phrase “unity of the nation” was changed to “unity and integrity of the nation,” emphasizing the importance of national integration. These changes highlighted India’s commitment to social and secular values (Source: Indian Constitution).

    Changes in the 7th Schedule

    The 42nd Amendment moved several subjects, including “Education” and “Forests,” from the State List to the Concurrent List. This change increased central authority but led to tensions between the central and state governments over legislative matters (Source: Indian Constitution).

    Insertion of Fundamental Duties

    Article 51A was added, listing ten Fundamental Duties for citizens, reinforcing the idea that rights come with corresponding responsibilities (Source: Indian Constitution).

    Judiciary and Fundamental Rights

    The Amendment curtailed the power of judicial review, limiting the role of courts in scrutinizing constitutional amendments and strengthening the central government’s authority (Source: Indian Constitution).

    Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)

    Three new DPSPs were added, enhancing state responsibility towards workers, legal aid, and environmental protection. Additionally, Article 31C gave primacy to DPSPs over Fundamental Rights (Source: Indian Constitution).

    Conclusion

    The 42nd Amendment Act brought about extensive constitutional reforms, significantly altering India’s political and legal framework, with lasting implications on the balance of power between the central government and states.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Contextual Background: Briefly introduce the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and its significance in the context of Delhi’s governance. Purpose of the Amendment: State the aim of the amendment to balance Delhi’s unique needs and ensure efficient administration. Body Section 1: ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1991 was a pivotal development in Indian constitutional law, granting special status to the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi through the introduction of Articles 239AA and 239AB. This amendment aimed to address Delhi’s uniquRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1991 was a pivotal development in Indian constitutional law, granting special status to the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi through the introduction of Articles 239AA and 239AB. This amendment aimed to address Delhi’s unique administrative needs while ensuring efficient governance.

    Body

    Essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act

    1. Legislative Assembly for Delhi: The Act established a democratically elected Legislative Assembly for Delhi, empowering it to legislate on subjects in the State List and the Concurrent List, with the exception of three critical subjects: public order, police, and land.
    2. Role of the Lieutenant Governor (LG): Designated as the Administrator, the LG, appointed by the President of India, is responsible for ensuring the execution of laws and constitutional provisions in Delhi.
    3. Council of Ministers: The Act allows for a Council of Ministers, led by the Chief Minister, responsible for advising the LG on administrative matters, except those falling under the Union Government’s jurisdiction.
    4. Special Provisions for Delhi: Recognizing Delhi’s status as the national capital, Article 239AA(3)(b) grants the President the power to legislate on matters concerning public order, police, and land.

    Anomalies and Conflicts

    1. Ambiguity in Powers: The Act’s lack of clarity regarding the division of powers between the LG and the Council of Ministers has led to disputes and confusion.
    2. Overlapping Jurisdiction: The provision allowing the LG to refer disagreements with the Council of Ministers to the President has resulted in frequent conflicts.
    3. Day-to-Day Administration: The Act does not explicitly define the LG’s role in daily governance, leading to disagreements between the LG and the Delhi Government.

    Impact on Indian Federal Politics

    The conflicts stemming from the 69th Amendment reveal complexities within India’s federal structure, particularly concerning Union Territories. These tensions may set new precedents in Indian federal politics, emphasizing the necessity for clearly defined roles for elected representatives and constitutional authorities.

    Conclusion

    The 2018 Supreme Court judgment clarified the respective roles and powers of the LG and the Delhi Government, asserting that the LG must act on the advice of the Council of Ministers. This decision promotes cooperation between the two entities and could serve as a model for governance in other Union Territories.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Objective: Introduce the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, and its significance. Key Points to Mention: Definition and purpose of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Overview of the amendment’s goal to create a unified tax structure ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, fundamentally changing the indirect tax landscape and aiming to create a unified national market for goods and services. Salient Features of the GST Dual GSTRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, fundamentally changing the indirect tax landscape and aiming to create a unified national market for goods and services.

    Salient Features of the GST

    1. Dual GST Structure: The GST comprises Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST) or Union Territory GST (UTGST), allowing for concurrent taxation by both the central and state governments, depending on the transaction type .
    2. Integrated GST (IGST): For inter-state transactions and imports, IGST is levied and administered by the Central Government, facilitating smoother interstate trade .
    3. Destination-Based Taxation: GST operates on a destination-based taxation model, meaning the tax revenue is collected by the state where the goods or services are consumed, promoting equitable distribution of tax revenues .
    4. GST Council: The amendment established the GST Council, a constitutional body comprising representatives from the Central Government and all States/Union Territories, responsible for determining tax rates and policies .
    5. Compensation to States: To mitigate potential revenue losses for states, the amendment provides for compensation for five years from the implementation of GST, ensuring financial stability for states .

    Efficacy in Removing Cascading Effect and Creating a Common Market

    The GST has significantly reduced the cascading effect of taxes by subsuming multiple indirect taxes—like excise duty, service tax, and value-added tax—into a single entity. This simplification leads to improved transparency and compliance, as businesses are incentivized to maintain proper records through the input tax credit system .

    Moreover, by harmonizing tax rates and eliminating state-level barriers, GST facilitates the creation of a common national market, enhancing economic efficiency and making it easier for businesses to operate across state lines .

    However, challenges remain. The presence of multiple tax rates can confuse businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which may struggle with compliance and digital filing requirements. Additionally, some states may still experience revenue losses despite the compensation mechanism, as they lose the autonomy to levy their own taxes .

    Conclusion

    While the GST is a significant step towards a unified tax structure and a common market, addressing ongoing challenges and further simplifying the tax framework will be crucial for enhancing its overall efficacy in achieving its stated objectives.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Definition of Amending Power: Briefly explain Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution under Article 368. Thesis Statement: State that this power is limited and cannot be enlarged to destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution. Body 1. Understanding Article 368 Legal ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The power of Parliament to amend the Constitution of India is enshrined in Article 368. However, this power is not absolute and is subject to limitations, particularly as established by the Supreme Court through the Basic Structure doctrine. Body The Basic Structure doctrinRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The power of Parliament to amend the Constitution of India is enshrined in Article 368. However, this power is not absolute and is subject to limitations, particularly as established by the Supreme Court through the Basic Structure doctrine.

    Body

    The Basic Structure doctrine was articulated in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973). In this case, the Supreme Court held that while Parliament has the authority to amend the Constitution under Article 368, it cannot alter or destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution. This Basic Structure includes fundamental principles such as the rule of law, separation of powers, judicial review, democracy, and federalism.

    The Court emphasized that the power to amend the Constitution does not extend to undermining these essential features. This principle was further reinforced in subsequent cases, including Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) and Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), where the judiciary reiterated that Parliament cannot use its amending power to dilute or destroy the Basic Structure.

    In light of this doctrine, it is clear that Parliament cannot expand its amending power under Article 368 to a degree that would allow it to destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution. The Basic Structure doctrine serves as a safeguard against potential abuses of the constitutional amendment power, ensuring that the foundational principles and values of the Constitution remain intact.

    Conclusion

    The Indian Supreme Court has established the Basic Structure doctrine to protect the core principles of the Constitution and preserve the democratic fabric of the country. This doctrine ensures that while Parliament has significant powers to amend the Constitution, those powers are not limitless.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 13, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Definition of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act: Briefly explain its purpose in introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Thesis Statement: State its significance in simplifying India’s tax structure and how it reflects the accommodative spirit of ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2016, marked a significant transformation in India's tax structure by introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST). This amendment aimed to replace a complex array of central and state taxes with a unified tax regime, embodRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2016, marked a significant transformation in India’s tax structure by introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST). This amendment aimed to replace a complex array of central and state taxes with a unified tax regime, embodying the spirit of cooperation inherent in Indian federalism.

    Significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act:

    Unified Tax Regime

    The Act established a harmonized taxation system, eliminating the cascading effect of taxes that plagued the previous Value Added Tax (VAT) system. This integration of multiple taxes into a single structure streamlined tax compliance for businesses.

    Simplified Tax Compliance

    With the introduction of GST, taxpayers now follow a standardized process nationwide, easing the burden for multi-state service providers like telecom companies and banks, which previously navigated diverse state laws.

    Economic Boost

    The World Bank reported improvements in India’s business environment following the GST’s implementation, highlighting its role in fostering economic growth.

    Enhanced Supply Chain Efficiencies

    GST facilitated a unified market by removing bottlenecks at state borders, resulting in reduced transportation costs and increased efficiency, particularly benefitting sectors like logistics and e-commerce.

    Promotion of Digital India

    The amendment advanced digital governance through the GST Network (GSTN), which digitized tax administration, enhancing transparency and efficiency, and aligning with the broader objective of a Digital India.

    Reflecting the Accommodative Spirit of Federalism:

    Representation of All States

    The GST Council, as outlined in Article 279A(1), includes representatives from all states, ensuring diverse regional interests are considered in policy-making.

    Dispute Resolution Mechanism

    The GST framework includes provisions for resolving conflicts between central and state governments, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, where compensatory adjustments were made.

    Revenue Sharing

    Consensus-based revenue-sharing agreements under the GST law reflect federal cooperation. For example, Tamil Nadu received approximately ₹40,000 crore in GST compensation during the transition, addressing concerns about potential revenue losses.

    Consensus in Decision-making

    The GST Council promotes collaborative policymaking, exemplified by its consensus on tax rate adjustments for essential COVID-19 supplies, showcasing a united approach to governance.

    Strengthening Cooperative Federalism

    The GST Council represents cooperative federalism, where both central and state governments participate in key policy decisions, leading to the rationalization of tax rates based on states’ inputs.

    Conclusion

    The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act not only transformed India’s tax landscape but also reinforced the spirit of cooperative federalism. By addressing regional concerns and fostering collaborative governance, it paves the way for a more harmonious federal relationship in India.

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Gitanjali Reena
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Gitanjali ReenaBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine critically the applicability of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act in modifying the reservations policy as a means of achieving India’s social justice goals.

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Shehla Iram
    Shehla Iram Begginer

    The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2019, introduced a 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in education and public employment, marking a significant shift in India's reservation policy. Earlier, reservations were aimed at addressing historical injustices and socialRead more

    The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2019, introduced a 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in education and public employment, marking a significant shift in India’s reservation policy. Earlier, reservations were aimed at addressing historical injustices and social disadvantages faced by Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). This amendment extends benefits based on economic criteria, regardless of caste. Its relevance lies in acknowledging economic hardship as a barrier to social mobility,  broadening the scope of social justice. The Supporters argue that it addresses the needs of economically disadvantaged groups who do not fall under existing reserved categories,  promoting inclusive growth. Critics says that this economic-based reservation may dilute the original intention of reservations, which is to rectify systemic social discrimination. Additionally, the 10% EWS quota raises questions about the practical implementation and potential overlap with existing quotas, which already account for 50% of seats. The amendment also risks perpetuating the reliance on quotas as a solution, rather than addressing structural inequalities through comprehensive socio-economic reforms. Thus,the 103rd Amendment aims to expand the ambit of social justice, its long-term impact on achieving genuine equity and inclusion remains to be critically evaluated.

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Chetan Gupta
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Chetan GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
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Examine the reasons for and against adding a “sunset clause” to the Constitution, which would call for regular reapproval of the text. What impact might such a clause have on the durability and stability of the Constitution?

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Shree Shree Singh
    Shree Shree Singh Begginer

    The proposal to include a "sunset clause" in the U.S. Constitution, which would require periodic re-approval of the document, is a complex and controversial idea with valid arguments on both sides. Arguments in Favor of a Sunset Clause: Responsiveness to Change: A sunset clause could compel regularRead more

    The proposal to include a “sunset clause” in the U.S. Constitution, which would require periodic re-approval of the document, is a complex and controversial idea with valid arguments on both sides.

    Arguments in Favor of a Sunset Clause:

    Responsiveness to Change: A sunset clause could compel regular reviews and updates to the Constitution, enabling it to stay more relevant and responsive to evolving social, technological, and political realities.
    Increased Democratic Legitimacy: Requiring periodic re-approval by the people or their representatives could enhance the Constitution’s democratic legitimacy and ensure it continues to reflect the will of the citizenry.
    Preventing Constitutional Drift: A sunset clause could help prevent the gradual “drifting” of the Constitution away from its original intent and principles, as interpreted and applied over time.
    Encouraging Civic Engagement: The prospect of regular constitutional reviews and re-approval could stimulate greater public engagement and discourse around the foundational principles of government.
    Arguments Against a Sunset Clause:

    Threat to Stability and Continuity: Introducing a sunset clause could undermine the stability and continuity that have made the U.S. Constitution a lasting and influential document. The prospect of the Constitution expiring could create significant uncertainty and instability.
    Vulnerability to Partisan Manipulation: The re-approval process could become a battleground for partisan politics, with each side seeking to alter the Constitution to align with their ideological agendas, potentially leading to constitutional crises.
    Logistical and Practical Challenges: Coordinating a nationwide re-approval process for the Constitution would be an immense logistical undertaking, fraught with procedural complexities and potential roadblocks.
    Undermining the Rule of Law: A sunset clause could undermine the rule of law by creating the perception that the Constitution is a temporary or conditional document, rather than the enduring foundation of the American system of government.
    Impact on the Stability and Longevity of the Constitution:

    The inclusion of a sunset clause in the Constitution would likely have a significant impact on its stability and longevity:

    Increased Vulnerability to Change: The periodic re-approval requirement could make the Constitution more susceptible to substantial revisions or even outright replacement, undermining its status as a stable, long-term framework for governance.
    Potential for Constitutional Crisis: The re-approval process could become a flashpoint for political conflict, potentially leading to constitutional crises if the document fails to gain the necessary support for renewal.
    Weakened Role as a Unifying Document: The constant uncertainty surrounding the Constitution’s future could diminish its ability to serve as a unifying, stabilizing force in American society.
    Overall, while the arguments for a sunset clause have some merit, the potential risks to the stability and longevity of the U.S. Constitution appear to outweigh the potential benefits. The enduring strength of the Constitution has been its ability to provide a durable, adaptable framework for governance, and a sunset clause could undermine this core strength.

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Bhavesh Desai
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Bhavesh DesaiBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
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Examine the effects of the 73rd and 74th Amendments, which improved municipal governance and decentralized authority. What changes have these reforms brought about in India’s grassroots democracy?

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Debdatta Das
    Debdatta Das Begginer

    The 73rd and the 74th amendment acts were being implemented in the democratic nation and the fedaral structure of the nation were introduced in order to have a decentralized government so that the powers of the central government and the state government and to the local bodies even this came into eRead more

    The 73rd and the 74th amendment acts were being implemented in the democratic nation and the fedaral structure of the nation were introduced in order to have a decentralized government so that the powers of the central government and the state government and to the local bodies even this came into effect on the 24th April 1993 and the 1st June 1993 respectively .

    73rd amendment act :

    This is applicable in the rural areas the PANCHAHAYTI RAJ SYSTEM wherein the state government was under the constitutional obligation . This was adopted in the 11th schedule of the Indian  constitution . The members of the panchayat are elected directly by the people  and the head of the panchayat is known as the sarpanch . Seats are also reserved for the SC and ST and for the chairpersons of the panchayat at all levels of the panchayat along with one- third positions for women folk .

    74th AMENDMENT ACT :

    This is basically found in the urban areas adopted in the year 19192 constituted of the municipalities i.e. the Nagar panchayat , Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council herein the people are directly elected by he people in the municipal area divided into wards and ward wise the representatives are chosen. Herein as well SC and St seats are reserved and 1/3rd seats are reserved for the women

    IMPLEMENTS OF AMENDMENTS :

    This decentralization of power has led to the upliftment of the local communities their problems are been addressed right away from the rural to the urban level from villages, blocks, zilla, wards and so and so this also led to the development of the socities of the local community in terms of industrialization, education, health care  women’s position . They get the resources to development and many more.

     

     

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