Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Objective: Start by defining agro-climatic zones and their importance in agriculture. Mention how these zones are determined by factors such as climate, soil type, rainfall, and temperature. Brief Introduction to India’s Agro-climatic Zones: Mention that India has ...
Model Answer Introduction In the early 1960s, India was heavily reliant on food imports, bringing in approximately 3,747 thousand tonnes of cereals in 1960-61. However, by 2000-01, this dependence had drastically reduced to just 69.9 thousand tonnes. Today, India stands as a net food exporter, withRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
In the early 1960s, India was heavily reliant on food imports, bringing in approximately 3,747 thousand tonnes of cereals in 1960-61. However, by 2000-01, this dependence had drastically reduced to just 69.9 thousand tonnes. Today, India stands as a net food exporter, with agricultural and processed food product exports reaching USD 24.8 billion in the fiscal year 2021-22. This remarkable transformation can be attributed to several key factors.
Reasons Behind the Transformation
1. Green Revolution
The Green Revolution, initiated in the 1960s and 1970s, introduced high-yielding crop varieties and modern farming techniques. This led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity, particularly in wheat, where per-hectare production rose from 850 kg to 2,281 kg during its early phases.
2. Improved Infrastructure
Investment in agricultural infrastructure, including irrigation systems and transportation networks, has facilitated efficient production and distribution. The construction of dams, such as the Bhakra Nangal Dam in 1963, has notably enhanced productivity in states like Punjab and Haryana.
3. Government Policies
Supportive government policies, including minimum support prices (MSPs) and subsidized fertilizers, have incentivized farmers to boost food grain production. These measures provide a safety net for farmers, encouraging investment in agriculture.
4. Technological Advancements
Advancements in agricultural technology, such as mechanization and precision farming, have improved productivity and reduced post-harvest losses. The increased use of tractors and combine harvesters has expedited farming operations.
5. Crop Diversification
The diversification of crops beyond traditional staples to high-value crops, including fruits and vegetables, has significantly boosted agricultural exports. For example, India is a major exporter of mangoes.
6. Entrepreneurship and Agribusiness
The rise of agribusinesses has added value to Indian produce. Companies like Amul in dairy and Patanjali in processed foods have successfully penetrated both domestic and international markets.
7. Globalization and Trade Liberalization
India’s integration into the global economy through trade liberalization and adherence to WTO norms has opened international markets for its agricultural products, facilitating exports.
Conclusion
India’s evolution from a net food importer to a net food exporter is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of its agricultural sector. However, to sustain these achievements, India must address challenges such as climate change and shifting global dynamics.
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Model Answer Introduction Agro-climatic zones refer to geographical areas characterized by distinct climatic and environmental conditions that influence agricultural practices. Understanding these zones is crucial for optimizing crop productivity by aligning agricultural practices with local climateRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Agro-climatic zones refer to geographical areas characterized by distinct climatic and environmental conditions that influence agricultural practices. Understanding these zones is crucial for optimizing crop productivity by aligning agricultural practices with local climate, soil, and water availability.
Function of Agro-climatic Zones
Agro-climatic zones are determined by factors such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, soil types, and other agro-ecological parameters. In India, the country is divided into several agro-climatic zones, including the Western Himalayan Region, Gangetic Plains, Deccan Plateau, Coastal Plains, and others. These zones help define which crops are best suited to a specific region’s climate and soil conditions.
Significance in Enhancing Crop Productivity
Conclusion
By considering the unique climate and environmental factors of each region, agro-climatic zones contribute to efficient agricultural management, leading to improved crop yields and sustainable farming practices.
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