Sign Up

Have an account?

Sign In

Don't have account,

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.


Have an account?

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask a question.

Need An Account,

Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.

Search
Ask A Question
Home/mppsc: applications & awareness in technology

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 14, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2022] Describe briefly “TIFR’.

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Shikhar Mehrotra
    Shikhar Mehrotra Learner

    Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Overview The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a premier research institution located in Mumbai, India. Established in 1945, TIFR is renowned for its contributions to fundamental research across various fields including physics, chemistry,Read more

    Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)

    Overview The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a premier research institution located in Mumbai, India. Established in 1945, TIFR is renowned for its contributions to fundamental research across various fields including physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and computer science. It is named after the prominent industrialist J.R.D. Tata, who was instrumental in its establishment.

    Key Functions and Achievements

    1. Research Excellence
      • TIFR is known for its groundbreaking research and high-impact publications. It operates several research centers and institutes, including the TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences (TCIS) and the National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS).
      • Recent Achievements: TIFR researchers have made significant contributions to quantum computing and materials science. For instance, recent research at TIFR has explored novel quantum materials and their potential applications in next-generation electronics.
    2. Educational Programs
      • TIFR offers advanced degrees in various scientific disciplines. It provides Ph.D. programs and integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D. programs, fostering a new generation of scientists.
      • Recent Developments: The institute recently introduced interdisciplinary programs that combine advanced scientific research with emerging fields such as data science and artificial intelligence, reflecting current trends in scientific research.
    3. Collaborations and Outreach
      • TIFR collaborates with numerous national and international institutions, contributing to global scientific advancements.
      • Recent Collaborations: TIFR has partnered with international research organizations like CERN for particle physics research and with various universities for collaborative projects in theoretical and experimental sciences.
    4. Infrastructure and Facilities
      • TIFR is equipped with state-of-the-art laboratories and facilities that support cutting-edge research. It also houses large-scale research projects such as the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT).
      • Recent Upgrades: Recent infrastructure enhancements include upgrades to the GMRT and the development of new experimental facilities for advanced material research and biological studies.

    Significance TIFR plays a pivotal role in advancing fundamental scientific research in India and globally. Its contributions span across theoretical and experimental sciences, impacting various sectors including technology, medicine, and environmental science. The institute’s commitment to interdisciplinary research and collaboration with global scientific communities underscores its importance as a leading research institution.

    Conclusion The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) stands out as a beacon of scientific excellence and innovation. Through its rigorous research programs, educational initiatives, and international collaborations, TIFR continues to contribute significantly to the advancement of fundamental sciences and the training of future scientific leaders.

    See less
Anuj Verma
  • 0
Anuj VermaBegginer
Asked: September 13, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2022] List the applications for baking soda.

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Aadhav Murthy
    Aadhav Murthy Learner

    Uses of Bleaching Powder Bleaching powder, chemically known as calcium oxychloride (Ca(OCl)₂), is a widely used compound with various industrial, domestic, and environmental applications. Its versatility stems from its properties as a strong oxidizing agent and disinfectant. Here’s a detailed look aRead more

    Uses of Bleaching Powder

    Bleaching powder, chemically known as calcium oxychloride (Ca(OCl)₂), is a widely used compound with various industrial, domestic, and environmental applications. Its versatility stems from its properties as a strong oxidizing agent and disinfectant. Here’s a detailed look at its uses, including recent examples:

    1. Water Treatment and Purification

    Bleaching powder is extensively used for disinfection of drinking water and wastewater treatment. Its primary function in this context is to kill bacteria and other microorganisms, making water safe for consumption and use.

    • Recent Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increased emphasis on water sanitation to prevent waterborne diseases. Bleaching powder was employed in several countries to disinfect public water supplies and maintain safe drinking water standards.

    2. Bleaching Agent in the Textiles and Paper Industry

    Bleaching powder is used in the textile industry and the paper industry to bleach fabrics and paper. It helps in removing color and impurities from these materials, ensuring a clean and uniform appearance.

    • Recent Example: In the textile industry, particularly in countries like India, bleaching powder is used in the production of cotton fabrics and garments to achieve desired whiteness and cleanliness before dyeing processes.

    3. Disinfectant and Sanitizer

    In addition to water treatment, bleaching powder serves as an effective disinfectant and sanitizer for various surfaces, including floors and equipment. It is commonly used in hospitals, kitchens, and public places to maintain hygiene.

    • Recent Example: During the 2019-2020 dengue outbreak in several regions, local health authorities used bleaching powder to disinfect and sanitize affected areas to control the spread of the disease.

    4. Agricultural Applications

    Bleaching powder is used in agriculture for soil sterilization and fungal control. It helps in controlling soil-borne pathogens and diseases, thereby improving crop yield and health.

    • Recent Example: In 2023, during the planting season in India, bleaching powder was utilized for soil treatment in certain regions affected by soil-borne fungal infections, helping to ensure better crop productivity.

    5. Manufacturing and Chemical Industry

    In the chemical industry, bleaching powder is used as a raw material for the production of various chemicals. It acts as an oxidizing agent in chemical reactions.

    • Recent Example: Bleaching powder is used in the synthesis of calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide in chemical plants, contributing to the production of these important industrial chemicals.

    6. Laboratory Applications

    In laboratories, bleaching powder is used for oxidizing reactions and analysis due to its strong oxidizing properties. It is often used in chemical tests and processes.

    • Recent Example: In 2024, researchers used bleaching powder in laboratory experiments to synthesize novel compounds and conduct oxidative reactions for developing new materials with potential industrial applications.

    Conclusion

    Bleaching powder’s diverse applications—ranging from water purification and textile bleaching to agricultural use and chemical manufacturing—demonstrate its importance across various fields. Its role in disinfection and sanitation, especially highlighted during recent health crises, underscores its value in maintaining public health and hygiene.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 13, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 15 to 20 words. This question carries 03 marks.[MPPSC 2022] What is the velocity of light in a vacuum? Is it different for various media?

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Shikhar Mehrotra
    Shikhar Mehrotra Learner

    Speed of Light in Vacuum Speed of Light in Vacuum: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (km/s) or about 186,282 miles per second (mi/s). This is a fundamental constant in physics and is denoted by the symbol c. Variation in Different Media Speed of Light in DRead more

    Speed of Light in Vacuum

    Speed of Light in Vacuum: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (km/s) or about 186,282 miles per second (mi/s). This is a fundamental constant in physics and is denoted by the symbol c.

    Variation in Different Media

    Speed of Light in Different Media: The speed of light is not constant and varies when it travels through different media. This phenomenon is due to the interaction of light with the material’s atomic or molecular structure. In general, the speed of light is slower in materials other than a vacuum.

    Refractive Index: The degree to which light slows down in a medium is described by the refractive index (n) of the medium. The refractive index is defined as:

    n=cvn = \frac{c}{v}n=vc​

    where v is the speed of light in the medium. For instance:

    • Water: The refractive index of water is approximately 1.33, meaning light travels at about 75% of its speed in a vacuum.
    • Glass: The refractive index of typical glass ranges from 1.5 to 1.9, so light travels at about 53% to 67% of its vacuum speed.

    Recent Examples and Implications

    Recent Advances:

    1. High-Precision Measurements: Advances in precision measurement technologies have refined our understanding of light’s speed in various materials. For instance, recent experiments in photonics and materials science continue to explore how different media can affect light’s propagation, which has implications for technologies like fiber optics and telecommunications.
    2. Scientific Research: Research on metamaterials—materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring materials—has demonstrated the ability to control and even slow light to extremely low speeds. For example, in 2015, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, achieved light speeds as slow as 30 km/s in specially designed materials.
    3. Astronomical Observations: The behavior of light through different media has significant implications in astrophysics. For instance, light from distant stars may be altered by the gravitational fields and media it passes through, influencing observations and measurements of celestial phenomena.

    Conclusion

    The speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental constant, but it varies in different media due to the refractive index of those media. Understanding this variation is crucial for applications across various scientific fields, from telecommunications to fundamental physics research.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 13, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 15 to 20 words. This question carries 03 marks.[MPPSC 2022] What will be the maximum number of electrons in the M-shell (orbit)?

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Abhishek Gupta
    Abhishek Gupta Learner

    Maximum Number of Electrons in the M-Shell Introduction In atomic physics, the arrangement of electrons in various energy levels or shells around the nucleus is governed by quantum mechanics. The M-shell is one of these energy levels and plays a crucial role in determining the chemical properties ofRead more

    Maximum Number of Electrons in the M-Shell

    Introduction In atomic physics, the arrangement of electrons in various energy levels or shells around the nucleus is governed by quantum mechanics. The M-shell is one of these energy levels and plays a crucial role in determining the chemical properties of elements. Understanding how many electrons can be accommodated in the M-shell is fundamental to grasping atomic structure.

    Electronic Shells and Capacity

    1. Shell Structure

    • Electronic shells are designated by principal quantum numbers (n). The M-shell corresponds to
      n=3n = 3       

      n=3, following the K-shell (

      n=1n = 1 

      n=1) and L-shell (

      n=2n = 2 

      n=2).

    • Each shell is divided into subshells (s, p, d, f), and each subshell can hold a specific maximum number of electrons.

    2. Electron Capacity of a Shell

    • The maximum number of electrons in any shell can be calculated using the formula:
      Maximum number of electrons=2n2\text{Maximum number of electrons} = 2n^2Maximum number of electrons=2n2

      where

      nnn is the principal quantum number of the shell.

    Calculating for the M-Shell

    1. Application of Formula

    • For the M-shell (
      n=3n = 3       

      n=3):

      Maximum number of electrons=2×32=2×9=18\text{Maximum number of electrons} = 2 \times 3^2 = 2 \times 9 = 18Maximum number of electrons=2×32=2×9=18

      Therefore, the M-shell can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.

    2. Distribution of Electrons in Subshells

    • The M-shell consists of:
      • s-subshell: Can hold up to 2 electrons.
      • p-subshell: Can hold up to 6 electrons.
      • d-subshell: Can hold up to 10 electrons.

      Adding these:

      2(s)+6(p)+10(d)=182 (\text{s}) + 6 (\text{p}) + 10 (\text{d}) = 182(s)+6(p)+10(d)=18

      This confirms the total capacity of the M-shell as 18 electrons.

    Recent Examples and Applications

    1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

    • Electron configuration of elements involves filling the M-shell with electrons. For example, in the element Argon (Ar), which has an atomic number of 18, the M-shell is completely filled with 18 electrons, demonstrating the shell’s maximum capacity.

    2. Chemical Properties and Reactivity

    • The number of electrons in the M-shell influences an element’s chemical properties and its position in the periodic table. For example, elements in the third period of the periodic table, like Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl), have their M-shell filled with up to 8 electrons (partially filled in Chlorine) or fully filled in Argon.

    3. Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanics

    • Understanding electron shells is crucial in spectroscopy. The study of electron transitions between these shells, including the M-shell, helps in identifying elemental composition and properties. For instance, X-ray spectroscopy often involves transitions of electrons to and from the M-shell.

    Conclusion The M-shell, corresponding to the principal quantum number

    n=3n = 3

    n=3, has a maximum capacity of 18 electrons. This capacity is derived from the general formula for calculating the maximum number of electrons in a shell and is confirmed by the distribution of electrons across its subshells. Knowledge of this shell’s capacity is essential for understanding atomic structure, chemical properties, and applications in various scientific fields.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 4, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2023] Explain the ray optics use of the cartesian sign convention.

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Gayatri Bhat
    Gayatri Bhat Begginer

    Cartesian Sign Convention in Ray Optics The Cartesian Sign Convention is a standard rule used in ray optics to simplify the analysis of optical systems by providing a consistent method for assigning positive and negative signs to various quantities related to lenses and mirrors. This convention helpRead more

    Cartesian Sign Convention in Ray Optics

    The Cartesian Sign Convention is a standard rule used in ray optics to simplify the analysis of optical systems by providing a consistent method for assigning positive and negative signs to various quantities related to lenses and mirrors. This convention helps in solving problems involving image formation, magnification, and optical aberrations. Below is a detailed description of the Cartesian Sign Convention with recent examples:

    1. Definition of Cartesian Sign Convention

    • Description:
      • The Cartesian Sign Convention is a set of rules for assigning signs to the distances and radii of curvature in optical systems. It provides a consistent framework to determine whether the quantities are positive or negative based on their direction relative to a reference point.

    2. Rules for Cartesian Sign Convention

    • Object Distance (u):
      • Convention: The object distance (u) is always taken as negative if the object is placed on the left side of the optical device (i.e., the side from which light is coming).
      • Example: In a concave mirror, if an object is placed 30 cm in front of the mirror, the object distance uuu would be -30 cm.
    • Image Distance (v):
      • Convention: The image distance (v) is positive if the image is formed on the same side as the outgoing light (real image) and negative if it is formed on the opposite side (virtual image).
      • Example: For a convex lens forming a real image, if the image is formed 50 cm on the opposite side of the lens from where the light is coming, the image distance vvv would be +50 cm.
    • Focal Length (f):
      • Convention: The focal length (f) is positive for converging lenses and mirrors (like concave mirrors and convex lenses) and negative for diverging lenses and mirrors (like convex mirrors and concave lenses).
      • Example: For a convex lens with a focal length of 20 cm, the focal length fff would be +20 cm. Conversely, for a concave mirror with a focal length of 15 cm, the focal length fff would be -15 cm.
    • Radius of Curvature (R):
      • Convention: The radius of curvature (R) is positive if the center of curvature is in the direction of the incoming light (for converging mirrors and lenses) and negative if it is in the opposite direction (for diverging mirrors and lenses).
      • Example: In a concave mirror, the radius of curvature RRR would be negative if the center of curvature is on the same side as the incoming light.

    3. Application in Lens and Mirror Formulae

    • Lens Formula:
      • Formula: 1f=1v−1u\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} – \frac{1}{u}f1​=v1​−u1​
      • Application: Using the Cartesian Sign Convention, you can accurately apply this formula by substituting the correct signs for uuu, vvv, and fff. This helps in determining the position and nature of the image formed by lenses.
    • Mirror Formula:
      • Formula: 1f=1v+1u\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}f1​=v1​+u1​
      • Application: In this formula, the sign convention helps to calculate the image distance vvv and object distance uuu accurately based on whether the mirror is concave or convex.

    4. Recent Example of Cartesian Sign Convention

    • Example 1: Smart Glasses:
      • Description: Recent developments in augmented reality (AR) smart glasses often involve complex optical systems using lenses. The Cartesian Sign Convention is applied to design these lenses for correct image formation and clarity. For instance, when designing the optics for AR glasses, engineers use the convention to ensure that the virtual images are correctly positioned in the user’s field of view.
    • Example 2: Camera Lenses:
      • Description: In modern digital cameras, multiple lenses are used to focus light onto the sensor. The Cartesian Sign Convention is applied to each lens to calculate the correct focal length and image distance, which ensures that the final image captured is sharp and correctly positioned.

    Conclusion

    The Cartesian Sign Convention is a fundamental principle in ray optics that standardizes the way distances and focal lengths are measured and signed. By adhering to this convention, optical systems can be analyzed and designed with consistency and accuracy. Recent technological advancements in AR glasses and digital cameras demonstrate the practical application of this convention, ensuring precise optical performance and image quality.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 4, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 15 to 20 words. This question carries 03 marks.[MPPSC 2023] Chemical weathering: what is it?

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Yara Vohra
    Yara Vohra Enthusiast

    Chemical weathering refers to the process by which rocks and minerals undergo chemical reactions that alter their composition and structure, leading to their breakdown and disintegration. Unlike physical weathering, which involves the mechanical breakdown of rocks, chemical weathering involves changRead more

    Chemical weathering refers to the process by which rocks and minerals undergo chemical reactions that alter their composition and structure, leading to their breakdown and disintegration. Unlike physical weathering, which involves the mechanical breakdown of rocks, chemical weathering involves changes in the chemical structure of minerals and rocks.

    Key Points:

    1. Definition and Process
      • Chemical Weathering is the alteration of rock minerals through chemical reactions with environmental agents such as water, oxygen, acids, and biological organisms.
      • These reactions lead to the formation of new minerals and the dissolution of original minerals. Common chemical weathering processes include oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation.
    2. Processes Involved
      • Oxidation: This process involves the reaction of minerals with oxygen, particularly affecting iron-rich minerals. For example, iron in rocks reacts with oxygen to form iron oxides, commonly known as rust.
      • Hydrolysis: Water reacts with minerals to form new minerals and dissolved substances. Feldspar, a common mineral in granite, undergoes hydrolysis to form clay minerals and dissolved ions.
      • Carbonation: Carbon dioxide dissolved in rainwater forms carbonic acid, which reacts with minerals like calcite in limestone, leading to the formation of calcium bicarbonate and the dissolution of limestone.
    3. Recent Examples:
      • Grand Canyon (USA): The Grand Canyon exhibits significant chemical weathering, particularly through the process of carbonation. The dissolution of limestone and other carbonate rocks has contributed to the canyon’s formation.
      • Khajuraho Temples (India): The sandstone temples of Khajuraho have been affected by chemical weathering, including the effects of acid rain on the intricate carvings and sculptures. Efforts are ongoing to preserve these ancient structures from further chemical degradation.
      • Great Barrier Reef (Australia): Coral reefs, including the Great Barrier Reef, experience chemical weathering due to ocean acidification. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater leads to the dissolution of calcium carbonate in coral skeletons, threatening reef health.
    4. Impact and Consequences
      • Soil Formation: Chemical weathering plays a crucial role in soil formation by breaking down parent rocks and contributing to the development of soil minerals.
      • Landform Development: It influences the development of various landforms such as caves, sinkholes, and karst landscapes through the dissolution of soluble rocks.
      • Construction and Infrastructure: Chemical weathering can impact the durability of building materials and infrastructure. For instance, the deterioration of concrete and stone structures due to chemical reactions with environmental agents is a significant concern in construction.
    5. Mitigation and Management
      • Monitoring and Preservation: Regular monitoring and maintenance of historical and cultural monuments can help mitigate the effects of chemical weathering. Conservation techniques include the application of protective coatings and the control of environmental pollutants.
      • Sustainable Practices: Implementing sustainable agricultural and industrial practices can reduce the impact of chemical weathering on natural landscapes. Reducing acid rain through emission controls and minimizing the use of reactive chemicals in agriculture are important steps.

    Conclusion

    Chemical weathering involves the alteration of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions with environmental agents, leading to the breakdown and transformation of materials. Recent examples, such as the Grand Canyon, Khajuraho temples, and the Great Barrier Reef, highlight the diverse impacts of chemical weathering on natural and man-made structures. Understanding and managing chemical weathering is essential for preserving natural landscapes, historical monuments, and infrastructure, as well as for ensuring sustainable environmental practices.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 14, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2022] Describe the tenets of the hydrogen atom in Bohr’s model.

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Goyal Goyal
    Goyal Goyal Learner

    Introduction: Niels Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, proposed in 1913, was a groundbreaking advancement in atomic theory. It introduced concepts that explained the stability of atoms and the discrete line spectra observed in hydrogen. Postulates of Bohr’s Model: Quantized Orbits: Description: ElecRead more

    Introduction: Niels Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, proposed in 1913, was a groundbreaking advancement in atomic theory. It introduced concepts that explained the stability of atoms and the discrete line spectra observed in hydrogen.

    Postulates of Bohr’s Model:

    1. Quantized Orbits:
      • Description: Electrons orbit the nucleus in certain allowed paths or orbits without radiating energy. These orbits are known as stationary states.
      • Significance: This postulate addresses the classical problem where accelerating electrons would radiate energy and spiral into the nucleus. The concept of quantized orbits stabilizes the electron and prevents the collapse of the atom.
      • Recent Example: The concept of quantized orbits is foundational in understanding quantum dots in modern nanotechnology, where electrons are confined to discrete energy levels, influencing their optical and electronic properties.
    2. Energy Quantization:
      • Description: Electrons can only occupy specific energy levels. When an electron transitions between these levels, it absorbs or emits a photon of a particular wavelength.
      • Significance: This postulate explains the line spectra of hydrogen, where only specific wavelengths of light are emitted or absorbed. It quantifies the energy levels and spectral lines observed in hydrogen.
      • Recent Example: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) utilizes the principles of quantized energy levels to study the emission lines of distant celestial objects, offering insights into their composition and physical properties.
    3. Angular Momentum Quantization:
      • Description: The angular momentum of an electron in its orbit is quantized and given by
        L=nℏL = n\hbar         

        L=nℏ, where nn 

        n is a positive integer (quantum number) and ℏ\hbar 

        ℏ is the reduced Planck constant.

      • Significance: This postulate leads to the definition of discrete energy levels and predicts the spectral lines of hydrogen. It also introduces the quantum number
        nn         

        n, which determines the size and energy of the orbit.

      • Recent Example: The concept of angular momentum quantization is fundamental in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the alignment and transition of nuclear spins are used to create detailed images of the body.
    4. Rydberg Formula:
      • Description: The energy levels of the hydrogen atom are described by the Rydberg formula, which can be used to calculate the wavelengths of the spectral lines emitted by the atom.
      • Significance: This formula successfully predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines observed in hydrogen, supporting the quantized model of the atom.
      • Recent Example: The Rydberg formula is used in laser spectroscopy to analyze and calibrate laser systems, which are essential in various fields, including communications and material science.

    Conclusion: Bohr’s model, with its postulates of quantized orbits, energy levels, angular momentum, and the Rydberg formula, was a significant leap in atomic theory. It provided explanations for the stability of atoms and the discrete spectra observed in hydrogen. The principles of Bohr’s model continue to influence modern scientific technologies, from quantum dots and MRI to advanced telescopes and laser spectroscopy.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 14, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 15 to 20 words. This question carries 03 marks.[MPPSC 2022] Provide instances of chemical transformations.

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Jai Agarwal
    Jai Agarwal Learner

    Examples of Chemical Change Chemical changes involve the transformation of substances into new substances with different chemical properties. These changes are often accompanied by observable indicators such as color change, temperature change, gas production, or the formation of a precipitate. HereRead more

    Examples of Chemical Change

    Chemical changes involve the transformation of substances into new substances with different chemical properties. These changes are often accompanied by observable indicators such as color change, temperature change, gas production, or the formation of a precipitate. Here are several examples of chemical changes, including recent instances:

    1. Combustion of Fossil Fuels

    Example: Forest Fires in Canada (2023)

    • Description: Combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, such as wood, results in chemical changes where hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The recent forest fires in Canada during the summer of 2023 are a vivid example. These fires led to the combustion of vast amounts of wood, altering the chemical composition of the material and contributing to significant atmospheric pollution.
    • Significance: This process releases greenhouse gases and other pollutants, which impact air quality and contribute to climate change.

    2. Rusting of Iron

    Example: Rusting of Steel Infrastructure

    • Description: Rusting is an oxidation-reduction reaction where iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide (rust). An example is the rusting of steel bridges or outdoor structures over time due to exposure to rain and air.
    • Significance: The rusting process deteriorates the material, leading to structural weaknesses and increased maintenance costs.

    3. Photosynthesis

    Example: Agricultural Crops

    • Description: Photosynthesis is a fundamental chemical process where plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. Recent advances in agriculture, such as the development of genetically modified crops, have enhanced photosynthetic efficiency to improve crop yields.
    • Significance: This chemical change is crucial for plant growth and sustains the oxygen levels in the atmosphere.

    4. Neutralization Reactions

    Example: Acid-Base Reactions in Water Treatment

    • Description: Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt. An example is the treatment of acidic industrial wastewater with a base like sodium hydroxide to neutralize the acidity.
    • Significance: This process is essential for treating wastewater and reducing environmental pollution.

    5. Formation of Carbon Dioxide in Fermentation

    Example: Alcohol Production

    • Description: Fermentation is a chemical change where yeast converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Recent advancements in biofuel production have utilized fermentation to produce ethanol from various feedstocks.
    • Significance: This process is significant for producing alcoholic beverages and biofuels, contributing to energy resources and the beverage industry.

    6. Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide

    Example: Use of Hydrogen Peroxide in Wound Cleaning

    • Description: Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen gas in the presence of catalysts like manganese dioxide. This reaction is used in medical settings to clean wounds.
    • Significance: The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide helps in disinfecting wounds by releasing oxygen that aids in removing debris and bacteria.

    7. Chemical Reaction in Battery Operation

    Example: Rechargeable Batteries

    • Description: Rechargeable batteries operate through chemical reactions where reactants in the battery undergo oxidation and reduction reactions. For instance, lithium-ion batteries used in electronic devices involve chemical changes during charging and discharging cycles.
    • Significance: These reactions are fundamental to the functionality of modern electronic devices and renewable energy storage solutions.

    8. Baking Bread

    Example: Bread Making Process

    • Description: Baking bread involves a chemical change where yeast ferments sugars in the dough to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol. The carbon dioxide causes the dough to rise, while heat further transforms the dough into bread.
    • Significance: This chemical change is essential in baking, affecting the texture and flavor of the bread.

    Conclusion

    Chemical changes are pervasive in everyday life and industrial processes, impacting everything from environmental conditions to food production and technology. Recent examples such as forest fires, advancements in agriculture, and innovations in battery technology illustrate the importance and scope of chemical transformations in modern society. Understanding these changes helps in harnessing their benefits and mitigating potential risks.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 14, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2022] What is the meaning of remote sensing? Sort it according to its range of application. What applications does remote sensing have?

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Prachi
    Prachi Learner
    This answer was edited.
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 4, 2024In:
  • 0

Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2023] Describe the idea of inertia.

mppsc: applications & awareness in technology
  1. Gayatri Bhat
    Gayatri Bhat Begginer

    Concept of Inertia Inertia is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion. It is a key principle in Newtonian mechanics and plays a crucial role in understanding how objects behave when forces are applied to them. Below is an explanatRead more

    Concept of Inertia

    Inertia is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion. It is a key principle in Newtonian mechanics and plays a crucial role in understanding how objects behave when forces are applied to them. Below is an explanation of the concept of inertia, including recent examples to illustrate its application:

    1. Definition of Inertia

    • Description:
      • Inertia is the property of an object that causes it to resist changes in its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Essentially, it describes an object’s tendency to maintain its current state, whether at rest or in motion.
    • Example:
      • When a car suddenly accelerates, passengers feel a backward force because their bodies tend to stay in their initial state of rest due to inertia. Similarly, when the car brakes suddenly, passengers lurch forward as their bodies try to continue moving at the same speed.

    2. Newton’s First Law of Motion

    • Description:
      • Inertia is directly related to Newton’s First Law of Motion, which states: “An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by a net external force.” This law embodies the concept of inertia.
    • Example:
      • Spacecraft in orbit: A spacecraft orbiting Earth continues to travel along its orbital path because of its inertia. Without external forces like gravitational pull or friction, the spacecraft would continue moving in a straight line at constant speed.

    3. Mass and Inertia

    • Description:
      • The amount of inertia an object possesses is directly proportional to its mass. This means that objects with greater mass have greater inertia and therefore resist changes to their motion more than objects with less mass.
    • Example:
      • Trucks vs. Cars: A heavy truck requires much more force to accelerate or decelerate compared to a small car. This is because the truck has more mass, resulting in greater inertia.

    4. Practical Applications of Inertia

    • Description:
      • Understanding inertia is essential in various practical scenarios, including vehicle safety, engineering, and everyday life. Proper design and safety features account for the effects of inertia to enhance performance and safety.
    • Example:
      • Seatbelts in cars: Seatbelts are designed to counteract inertia during sudden stops or collisions. They restrain passengers, preventing them from continuing forward due to their inertia and thus reducing the risk of injury.

    5. Inertia in Space Exploration

    • Description:
      • In space exploration, inertia plays a critical role in the dynamics of spacecraft and satellites. Engineers must account for inertia when designing and maneuvering spacecraft.
    • Example:
      • Space Shuttles: When launching or landing, space shuttles experience significant inertia. Engineers must calculate the forces required to overcome this inertia to ensure successful mission execution.

    6. Inertia and Modern Technology

    • Description:
      • Advances in technology leverage the concept of inertia to improve various devices and systems. Sensors and control systems often utilize inertia to enhance functionality and precision.
    • Example:
      • Smartphones: Modern smartphones use accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect changes in orientation and motion. These sensors rely on principles of inertia to adjust screen display and enable features like auto-rotation.

    Conclusion

    Inertia is a fundamental concept in physics that explains an object’s resistance to changes in its motion or state of rest. It is crucial for understanding various physical phenomena and has practical applications in engineering, technology, and everyday life. Recent examples highlight the importance of inertia in vehicle safety, space exploration, and modern technology, demonstrating its relevance across different fields.

    See less
Load More Questions

Resources & Suggestions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Articles

On: April 18, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (18 April 2025)

Do you agree with the claim that indecision and risk aversion are prevalent issues in Indian bureaucracy? Support your answer with logical reasoning. (150 words) ऐसा कहा जाता है कि भारतीय नौकरशाही में अनिर्णय और जोखिम से बचने की प्रवृत्ति ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

Strengthening India’s Cyber Defence

Rising Threats Digital Era Challenges: 2024 marks a significant rise in digital threats, particularly from AI and cyberattacks. Key Issues: Disinformation campaigns. Cyber fraud affecting daily life. Current Major Cyber Threats Ransomware Rampage: Over 48,000 instances of WannaCry ransomware detected ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

भारत की साइबर सुरक्षा

बढ़ते खतरे कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI) और साइबर हमले: 2024 में AI और साइबर हमलों के खतरे में वृद्धि। महत्वपूर्ण अवसंरचना पर हमले: डिजिटल हमलों और दुष्प्रचार अभियानों की संभावना बढ़ी है। प्रमुख साइबर खतरें रैनसमवेयर का प्रकोप: 48,000 से अधिक ...

Explore Our Blog