Answer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2022] What is the meaning of remote sensing? Sort it according to its range of application. What applications does remote sensing have?
Introduction: Niels Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, proposed in 1913, was a groundbreaking advancement in atomic theory. It introduced concepts that explained the stability of atoms and the discrete line spectra observed in hydrogen. Postulates of Bohr’s Model: Quantized Orbits: Description: ElecRead more
Introduction: Niels Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, proposed in 1913, was a groundbreaking advancement in atomic theory. It introduced concepts that explained the stability of atoms and the discrete line spectra observed in hydrogen.
Postulates of Bohr’s Model:
- Quantized Orbits:
- Description: Electrons orbit the nucleus in certain allowed paths or orbits without radiating energy. These orbits are known as stationary states.
- Significance: This postulate addresses the classical problem where accelerating electrons would radiate energy and spiral into the nucleus. The concept of quantized orbits stabilizes the electron and prevents the collapse of the atom.
- Recent Example: The concept of quantized orbits is foundational in understanding quantum dots in modern nanotechnology, where electrons are confined to discrete energy levels, influencing their optical and electronic properties.
- Energy Quantization:
- Description: Electrons can only occupy specific energy levels. When an electron transitions between these levels, it absorbs or emits a photon of a particular wavelength.
- Significance: This postulate explains the line spectra of hydrogen, where only specific wavelengths of light are emitted or absorbed. It quantifies the energy levels and spectral lines observed in hydrogen.
- Recent Example: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) utilizes the principles of quantized energy levels to study the emission lines of distant celestial objects, offering insights into their composition and physical properties.
- Angular Momentum Quantization:
- Description: The angular momentum of an electron in its orbit is quantized and given by
L=nℏ, where
n is a positive integer (quantum number) and
ℏ is the reduced Planck constant.
- Significance: This postulate leads to the definition of discrete energy levels and predicts the spectral lines of hydrogen. It also introduces the quantum number
n, which determines the size and energy of the orbit.
- Recent Example: The concept of angular momentum quantization is fundamental in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the alignment and transition of nuclear spins are used to create detailed images of the body.
- Description: The angular momentum of an electron in its orbit is quantized and given by
- Rydberg Formula:
- Description: The energy levels of the hydrogen atom are described by the Rydberg formula, which can be used to calculate the wavelengths of the spectral lines emitted by the atom.
- Significance: This formula successfully predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines observed in hydrogen, supporting the quantized model of the atom.
- Recent Example: The Rydberg formula is used in laser spectroscopy to analyze and calibrate laser systems, which are essential in various fields, including communications and material science.
Conclusion: Bohr’s model, with its postulates of quantized orbits, energy levels, angular momentum, and the Rydberg formula, was a significant leap in atomic theory. It provided explanations for the stability of atoms and the discrete spectra observed in hydrogen. The principles of Bohr’s model continue to influence modern scientific technologies, from quantum dots and MRI to advanced telescopes and laser spectroscopy.
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