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Vulnerable Sections

Vulnerable sections of society, such as the poor, women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities, often require targeted interventions.

NGOs, self-help groups (SHGs), welfare schemes, protective laws, and specialized bodies play a crucial role in empowering these groups, ensuring their rights and entitlements, and fostering their social and economic inclusion.

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Home/Social Justice/Vulnerable Sections

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Swtripta Biswas
  • 6
Swtripta BiswasBegginer
Asked: July 7, 2024In: ,
  • 6

Here is my answer. Do you want to add any more points. The goal of education is to improve the quality of people’s lives and in extension the quality of life of the society. The given image indicates that, despite this, ...

  1. Akriti Pandey
    Akriti Pandey Enthusiast

    societies to achieve lasting peace and sustainable development. Education is key to achieving all other human rights.   What do we mean by a right to education? Every person is entitled to a quality education without discrimination, which means:   A compulsory free primary school educationRead more

    societies to achieve lasting peace and sustainable development. Education is key to achieving all other human rights.

     

    What do we mean by a right to education?

    Every person is entitled to a quality education without discrimination, which means:

     

    A compulsory free primary school education for every child

    Secondary school (including technical training) must be available to everyone – states must work towards providing this for free

    Higher education must be equally accessible, with countries working towards the goal of making this free

    Fundamental education for those who missed out on primary school should be encouraged and available

    It also means parents have the right to choose schools for their children and for individuals and organisations to set up schools that meet minimum standards.

     

    Theirworld also believes that every child should have access to two years of free, quality pre-primary education.

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Shikha Kumari
  • 4
Shikha KumariBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 4

  1. Riddhima
    Riddhima Begginer

    One tactic to advance gender equality is gender mainstreaming. It entails the methodical inclusion of gender viewpoints and factors into all phases of the creation, execution, and assessment of policies, programs, and projects. Making sure that men and women gain equally and that inequality is not mRead more

    One tactic to advance gender equality is gender mainstreaming. It entails the methodical inclusion of gender viewpoints and factors into all phases of the creation, execution, and assessment of policies, programs, and projects. Making sure that men and women gain equally and that inequality is not maintained is the aim.

    COMPONENTS OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING-

    1. Creating inclusive policies means taking into account the distinct effects on men and women.
    2. Gender analysis is the process of evaluating before implementation the possible impacts of policies and programs on various genders.
    3. Education and Training: Offering staff, practitioners, and policymakers training on gender issues and mainstreaming strategies.
    4. Gender Expertise: Ensuring that organizations and decision-making bodies have advisors and experts on gender issues.

    IMPORTANCE OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING-

    1. Encourages Equality: Gender mainstreaming aims to end discrimination based on gender and encourage equal opportunities for people of all genders.
    2. Enhances Policy Outcomes: Programs and policies can be made more equitable and successful by taking gender viewpoints into account.
    3. Economic Benefits: Since gender equality permits everyone to fully participate in the economy, it can contribute to economic growth and development.
    4. Social Justice: It promotes human rights and social justice by addressing systemic injustices.
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Debanshi Bose
  • 4
Debanshi BoseBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In: ,
  • 4

  1. Paromita
    Paromita Learner

    Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both men and women and girls and boys are taken into consideration recognizing the diversity of different groups and that all human beings are free to develop their personal abilities and make choices without the limitations set byRead more

    Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both men and women and girls and boys are taken into consideration recognizing the diversity of different groups and that all human beings are free to develop their personal abilities and make choices without the limitations set by stereotypes and prejudices about gender roles.

    The government of India has implemented many initiatives to promote gender equality which includes:

    • Legal Protections: The government has enacted laws to protect women such as domestic violence act 2005, the dowry prohibition act 1961, and the prohibition of child marriage act 2006.
    • Financial inclusion: The government has implemented initiatives to promote financial inclusion to women such as stand-up India and Pradhan Mantri Yojana.
    • Education: The government has implemented initiatives to promote education for women such as right of children to free and compulsory education (RTE) act, 2009
    • Employment: The government has implemented initiatives to promote employment for women such as the equal remuneration act,1976 which provides for equal pay for men and women for same work.
    • STEM education: The government has implemented initiatives to promote women in STEM fields, such as gender advancement for transforming institutions (GATI) initiative, which aims to develop a charter for gender equity in STEMM.

     

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Afifa Nomani
  • 3
Afifa NomaniBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 3

“One is not born a woman but becomes one” – Simone de Beauvoir What do you understand by this statement, keeping the situations faced by women in past, in mind? Do you agree? Do you think that this ...

ethicsfeminismgenderhumanliteraturephilosophyquestionrightssexwomen
  1. Safina Haider
    Safina Haider Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    Simon De Beauvoir was a French philosopher and feminist. Beauvoir mentions this quote in her Magnum Opus book 'The 'Second Sex' published in 1949. The work discusses the myriad of women-centric issues, inspiring equality and liberation of women from the shackles of economic dependency. Beauvoir tracRead more

    Simon De Beauvoir was a French philosopher and feminist. Beauvoir mentions this quote in her Magnum Opus book ‘The ‘Second Sex’ published in 1949. The work discusses the myriad of women-centric issues, inspiring equality and liberation of women from the shackles of economic dependency.
    Beauvoir traces the status of women from beginning till modern times through the methods of historical materialism and research. This refers to the influence of social and economic conditions on shaping the history and fortunes of women. The statement stands as the most historic argument for challenging the patriarchal code. By claiming “One is not born a woman; one becomes a woman, she argues that a woman is not born; she is gradually shaped by social and cultural factors. Her upbringing in certain parameters leads her to the process of ‘becoming’ a woman. Women acquire their roles from men and other members of society; biology has no role in this. Hence, womanhood is something that is attained by a woman rather than something innate.
    Beauvior’s stance also contributes to gender studies in questioning the construction of gender identity. The main issue lies in the social and physiological conditioning of women, which psychologically forces her to subscribe to her assigned ‘role’ as a woman.
    Physiological and social conditioning, both classical and operant, leads to changes in behavioural alterations in one’s identity. A woman is conditioned by her physiology, by virtue of her ability to bear children and by society. This is determined by conglomeration of external and internal agents, such as her father and teacher, in her milieu. She is also conditioned by societal expectations, rules, and treatment by institutions in both favorable and unfavorable ways. The expectations of society, regulations, and the favorable and negative treatment she receives from institutional or structural entities all condition her. This obligation leads to internalization of patriarchy by women further enhancing female subjugation. In present times, where women have united in raising their voice against all kinds of patriarchal-structural violences, it stands as a relevant argument to decipher the process of women’s identity formation, who are now dismantling the traditional norms and standards.

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Afifa Nomani
  • 3
Afifa NomaniBegginer
Asked: July 8, 2024In:
  • 3

“One is not born a woman, but becomes one” – Simone de Beauvoir What do you understand by this statement, keeping the situations faced by women in past, in mind? Do you agree? Do you think that this ...

ethicsfeminismgenderhumanliteraturephilosophyquestionrightssexwomen
  1. GHOST
    GHOST Begginer
    "One is not born a woman but becomes one"

    Simone de Beauvoir's quote "One is not born a woman, but becomes one" means that being a woman isn't just about biology; it's shaped by society's expectations and roles. In the past, women were often expected to focus on home and family, with limited opportunities outside these roles. For example, eRead more

    Simone de Beauvoir’s quote “One is not born a woman, but becomes one” means that being a woman isn’t just about biology; it’s shaped by society’s expectations and roles. In the past, women were often expected to focus on home and family, with limited opportunities outside these roles. For example, early 20th-century women fought for voting rights, challenging the idea that their place was only in the home.

    Today, while women have more opportunities, challenges like unequal pay and fewer leadership roles still exist. This quote reminds us that societal norms influence how we see gender roles and what we expect from women and men. It encourages us to think about how these expectations affect people’s lives and choices.

    In essence, de Beauvoir’s quote urges us to question and change outdated ideas about gender, promoting fairness and equal opportunities for everyone, regardless of gender.

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Attisha Sharma
  • 3
Attisha SharmaBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 3

upsc: women
  1. Smriti Jha
    Smriti Jha Begginer

    de Beauvoir’s Second Sex came in as a radical wave to stir prevalent conception of women around the world. The central argument of The Second Sex is how women were never considered the primary sex but always relegated to being men’s Other.  She challenges subjugation and othering of women along withRead more

    de Beauvoir’s Second Sex came in as a radical wave to stir prevalent conception of women around the world. The central argument of The Second Sex is how women were never considered the primary sex but always relegated to being men’s Other. 

    She challenges subjugation and othering of women along with superficial parameters on which feminists argued equality. As discovered by Beauvoir, men and maleness take over the attribute of neutralness. Hence anything that is not male will be considered as the other. 

    She calls women’s being as incidental and inessential as opposed to essential. In a series of scathing comments, she attacks philosophers like Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, who represent female nature as that afflicted with natural defectiveness and thereby deprecating her to an incidental being.

    She argues and rejects the conventional view where a woman’s body is considered as an hindrance, and her identity is only formed against masculine protest. 

    Beauvoir showcases how men have always been privileged with a feeling of collectiveness and shared experiences which has always lacked in women’s movements. She calls women’s issues more universal than isolated. For her, women live dispersed among men and they attach themselves more to fathers and husbands than other women. 

    She presupposes that differences between men and women emerged with the emergence of private property, which led to the conception of master and slave hierarchy, where men started acquiring property. She outlines necessary changes that would emancipate women and recover her Selfhood. Firstly, she argues that women have to be a part of the production process. She was in forefront for changes in social structures regarding legalizing abortion, contraception, education, and most importantly having financial independence from men.

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Aamya Sharma
  • 3
Aamya SharmaBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In: ,
  • 3

  1. Bulbul Khatkar
    Bulbul Khatkar Begginer

    Both ages represent women who are resilient and possess inner power. Whether it's Draupadi's unflinching perseverance during her trials or modern women overcoming obstacles, resilience is a recurring theme. Women in both times have important responsibilities in families. They foster relationships, pRead more

    Both ages represent women who are resilient and possess inner power. Whether it’s Draupadi’s unflinching perseverance during her trials or modern women overcoming obstacles, resilience is a recurring theme. Women in both times have important responsibilities in families. They foster relationships, provide support for their loved ones, and contribute to their families’ emotional well-being. In the Mahabharata, ladies such as Satyavati and Gandhari affected political choices. Similarly, contemporary women have powerful roles in a variety of industries, influencing culture and policy. While the setting changes, the quest for gender equality remains the same. Both historical and contemporary women aspire for acknowledgement, equality, and empowerment. Regardless of cultural restrictions, women in both times make decisions, whether it is Draupadi’s swayamvara or a woman seeking a job today. Agency and autonomy are important concepts. Women confront challenges in both circumstances, whether it be social constraints or workplace bias. Their achievements, whether ancient or modern, inspire others.

    Remember that, while the specifics may differ, the core of femininity remains timeless, expressing strength, perseverance, and the pursuit of equality.

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Riya Goyal
  • 3
Riya GoyalBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In:
  • 3

‘Equality between male and female should not be judged through physical strength’. Justify the statement.

equality between male and female . question.question on equalitywomen empowerment
  1. anika kohli
    anika kohli Begginer

    I believe equality is right for every living being. We have been gifted this beautiful life, and it is our job to fulfil our purpose in life. It can be anything. We all men and women can do whatever we want to benefit society but judging one based on their physical strength is just honestly a topicRead more

    I believe equality is right for every living being. We have been gifted this beautiful life, and it is our job to fulfil our purpose in life. It can be anything. We all men and women can do whatever we want to benefit society but judging one based on their physical strength is just honestly a topic not worth debating. We all are born equal and raised equally so why conclude that we are different from each other it just doesn’t make any sense. Men and women are similarly strong of course in various ways some can be physically strong whereas some are mentally it doesn’t matter what matters what you think and feel about yourself. There is no high self-esteem fulfilment required in this. We need to learn how to set our differences aside and focus on our similarities which are so many.

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Azfar Hammad
  • 3
Azfar HammadBegginer
Asked: July 27, 2024In: , , , , ,
  • 3

educationindiaquestion
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    According to UNESCO, India's girls' education saw significant progress- enrollment rates rose from 48% (2007) to 74% (2019), dropout rates declined from 53.9% (2009) to 17.3% (2019) and gender parity index improved from 0.85 (2012) to 0.94 (2019).Promoting girls' education in India faces both challeRead more

    According to UNESCO, India’s girls’ education saw significant progress- enrollment rates rose from 48% (2007) to 74% (2019), dropout rates declined from 53.9% (2009) to 17.3% (2019) and gender parity index improved from 0.85 (2012) to 0.94 (2019).Promoting girls’ education in India faces both challenges and opportunities.

    Challenges – 

    1. Social and cultural barriers including patriarchal norms, early marriages and gender bias, restrict girls access to education and empowerment.
    2. Poverty and economic constraints force families to prioritize boys education, sacrificing girls schooling due to limited financial resources.
    3. Rural and remote areas lack nearby schools, adequate infrastructure and resources, hindering girls access to quality education and opportunities.
    4. Harassment, violence and abduction risks en route to or within schools deter girls education, fueling dropout rates and anxiety.
    5. Limited female teachers and role models discourage girls, perpetuating gender stereotypes and diminishing aspirations, self identity and educational motivation significantly.
    6. Gender biased curriculum and teaching materials perpetuate harmful stereotypes, limiting girls potential, reinforcing patriarchal norms and undermining self esteem and empowerment.

     

    Initiatives – 

    1. Government initiatives like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, SSA and RTE Act boost girls education accessibility nationwide.
    2. Rising enrollment rates (74% in 2019) demonstrate progress, paving way for future generations empowerment and growth.
    3. Digital education bridges accessibility gaps, offering girls online resources, e learning platforms and skill building opportunities nationwide.
    4. Community engagement and awareness campaigns mobilize support, challenging norms and fostering inclusive education environments.
    5. Scholarships, stipends and incentives motivate girls offsetting costs and encouraging continued education participation and success.
    6. Empowered women leaders serve as inspirational role models, mentoring and advocating for girls education rights.

     

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Aadhav Murthy
  • 2
Aadhav MurthyLearner
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
  • 2

Various strategies, policies, and suggestions from committees and commissions have been taken into consideration when developing various initiatives to address the issues faced by disadvantaged sectors. What safeguards are in place to guarantee that these plans are implemented successfully?

upsc: vulnerable sections
  1. Rajni Gautam
    Rajni Gautam Begginer

    The vulnerable sections in India comprise women, scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST), children, aged, disabled, poor migrants, farmers, people living with HIV/AIDS and sexual minorities. These are the sections of the population which need government support and help to live a dignified lifeRead more

    The vulnerable sections in India comprise women, scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST), children, aged, disabled, poor migrants, farmers, people living with HIV/AIDS and sexual minorities. These are the sections of the population which need government support and help to live a dignified life.

    Problems Faced By Vulnerable Sections

    They face a plethora of problems like

    1. Gender inequalities and discrimination.
    2. Caste-based discrimination.
    3. Weak purchasing power.
    4. Exclusion from social spaces.
    5. Health and educational inadequacies.
    6. Uneven and/or inadequate entitlements.
    7. Income and economic inequalities.

    Policies, Plans, Schemes For Vulnerable Sections

    Since independence Governments have come up with several policies like the 20 point program, National livelihood mission, and various five-year plans targeting upliftment of vulnerable sections. Also, it constituted various committees and commissions:

    1. Tendulkar Committee on poverty.
    2. Institute for physically handicapped.
    3. Xaxa committee for tribal communities.
    4. Sachar Committee for minorities.
    5. Swaminathan Committee for agricultural reforms.
    6. Ashoke Dalwai committee for doubling the farmer’s income.

    Based on recommendations of these bodies, and to fulfil the objectives of respective policies, various schemes for the upliftment of vulnerable sections have been developed over the years.

    SCHEME PURPOSE
    Mahila Kisan Yojana For providing financial assistance for rural women for taking up agriculture
    Mahila Samriddhi Yojana Micro Finance facility for females
    Venture Capital Funds for SCs To encourage and promote entrepreneurship among SCs
    Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojna For providing Physical Aids and Assisted-living Devices for Senior citizens belonging to BPL category.
    Divyangjan Swavalamban Yojana To assist the needy disabled persons by providing concessional loans for economic and overall empowerment.
    Garib Kalyan Rozgar Abhiyaan An employment scheme with an outlay of Rs 50,000 crore for migrant workers who returned to their home states during the coronavirus-induced lockdown.
    National AIDS Control Programme For assistance to HIV infected persons
    Midday Meal Scheme Tri ministerial initiative to improve health and education levels of children
    PM KISAN Scheme To provide income support to farmers
    Stand Up India For financing SC/ST or Women Entrepreneurs

    Mechanisms In Place To Ensure Effective Implementation

    1. Constitutional Provisions For The Sc/St/Obc And Minorities

    1. Article 17: This abolishes untouchability and its practice in any form b.
    2. Article 15(1): The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
    3. Article 16 (4A): This allows the state to implement reservation in the matter of promotion for SCs and STs.
    4. Article 19(5): It allows the state to impose a restriction on freedom of movement or of residence in the benefit of Scheduled Tribes.
    5. Article 39: Ensures equal pay to women for equal work.
    6. Articles 338/338A/339: Establishes a National Commission of SCs and STs. Art. 339 allows the central govt. to direct states to implement and execute plans for the betterment of SC/STs

    2. Ministries And Parliamentary Committees

    They not only formulate schemes and programmes but also supervise the implementation and take suo moto cognisance of the needs of the vulnerable sections and violation of their rights.

    1. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare 2.
    2. Ministry of Minority Affairs 3.
    3. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment 4.
    4. Ministry of Tribal Affairs 5.
    5. Ministry of Women and Child Development

    3. Judiciary

    1. The Supreme Court through its activism has ensured that minority rights are respected in the country. Examples: Vishaka guidelines to prevent sexual harassment at the workplace; Verdict on section 377 IPC, etc.
    2. Judgments like Sabarimala, Triple Talaq and Navtej Singh Johar judgement, etc are also examples of how the judiciary works as a mechanism to implement rights of vulnerable sections.

    4. National And State Commissions

    1. Government has taken initiatives from time to time to establish/reconstitute NHRC, National Commission for Women (NCW), National Commission for minorities (NCM), etc for protecting human rights, women rights and minority rights respectively.
    2. In addition, the government has put in place the systematic mechanism to ensure effective implementation of the schemes through institutions, trusts, implementing agencies of State Government organisations and Non-Governmental Organisations.

    Since Independence, India has successfully passed and implemented various laws and schemes to uplift and empower vulnerable sections of society. India’s success is visible from the fact that about 273 million Indians moved out of multi-dimensional poverty between 2005-6 and 2015-16, according to a UN report. Similarly, recent initiatives in the form of three farmers’ bills and labour code bills along with One Nation One Ration are also the welfare measures being taken to resolve the issues of vulnerable sections of the Indian society.

    See less
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