MPPSC Mains PYQs

The Himalayas are often referred to as the “cradle of folded mountains.” This mountain range, which stretches across five countries—India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and Pakistan—was formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The process of folding has created spectacular peaks, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. The Himalayas are not only significant for their geological features but also play a crucial role in climate regulation, acting as a barrier to cold winds from Central Asia. Additionally, they are home to diverse ecosystems and rich cultural heritage, making them vital for both nature and human civilization.

The Colorado Plateau is located primarily in the United States, covering parts of four states: Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. This expansive region is characterized by its stunning geological formations, including canyons, mesas, and buttes. The plateau has an average elevation of about 5,000 to 7,000 feet (1,500 to 2,100 meters) above sea level, making it a significant area in terms of both ecology and geology. The Colorado Plateau is also home to several national parks, such as the Grand Canyon and Zion, which showcase its breathtaking landscapes and rich biodiversity, attracting millions of visitors each year.

Lake Towa is a unique topographical feature located in Towa, Japan. It is primarily created through the process of volcanic activity. This area is characterized by its volcanic craters that have filled with water over time, forming a lake. The topography surrounding Lake Towa features rugged terrain, steep slopes, and volcanic rock formations, resulting from past eruptions. The lake is significant not only for its geological features but also for its biodiversity and scenic beauty, making it a popular destination for tourists and nature enthusiasts. It serves as a reminder of the dynamic geological processes that shape our planet.

The Deccan Plateau, located in India, is primarily formed from volcanic activity. This extensive plateau is a result of the Deccan Traps, which are a series of large volcanic eruptions that occurred around 66 million years ago. During these eruptions, vast amounts of lava flowed and solidified, creating thick layers of basalt rock that characterize the plateau today. The Deccan Plateau is not only significant for its geological history but also for its rich biodiversity and varied ecosystems. The region is home to numerous species of flora and fauna, making it an important area for ecological studies and conservation efforts.

Black soil, also known as Regur soil, is rich in essential minerals and nutrients, making it highly fertile. The primary minerals found in black soil include calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium. It contains a significant amount of montmorillonite clay, which helps in moisture retention and provides excellent drainage. This soil is particularly suitable for growing cotton, sorghum, and various pulses due to its nutrient-rich composition. Additionally, black soil is known for its high organic matter content, which enhances its fertility. The unique mineral composition of black soil supports diverse agricultural practices, making it vital for the economies of many regions.