MPPSC Mains PYQs

Important Components of the Infrastructural Sector

Infrastructure is essential for a functioning society. Here are its key components:

1. Transportation

• Roads: Highways and streets for vehicles.
• Railways: Trains for passenger and freight transport.
• Airports: Facilities for air travel.

2. Utilities

• Water Supply: Systems for providing clean water.
• Electricity: Grids for power distribution.
• Sewage: Treatment systems for waste management.

3. Telecommunications

• Internet: Broadband access for connectivity.
• Telephones: Systems for communication.

4. Public Services

• Hospitals: Healthcare facilities for communities.
• Schools: Educational institutions for learning.

These components work together to support daily life and economic activities.

Advantages of Ujjwala Yojana

The Ujjwala Yojana provides several benefits to families below the poverty line (BPL).

Key Benefits

• Health Improvement: Switching from firewood to LPG reduces indoor air pollution, decreasing health risks like respiratory diseases.
  Example: Cooking with LPG is safer than burning wood, which is like smoking 400 cigarettes an hour.
• Time-Saving: LPG cooking is faster, allowing women to spend less time in the kitchen.
• Economic Support: The government offers cash assistance for connections and subsidies on refills, making cooking gas affordable.
• Empowerment: Women gain independence as they manage household cooking needs.

With over 10 crore beneficiaries, Ujjwala Yojana is transforming lives across India.

What is Food Security?

Food security means that everyone has enough safe and nutritious food to eat at all times. This ensures people can live healthy lives.

Key Points

• Physical Availability: Food must be produced and available in stores.
• Access to Food: People need enough money to buy food.
• Food Utilization: Food should be prepared well to keep nutrients.
• Stability: Access should not change due to crises like natural disasters or economic issues.

Illustration

Imagine a family that can buy fresh vegetables daily. They eat well and stay healthy. If they suddenly lose their job, they might struggle to afford food, showing the importance of stable access.

Sources of Rural Credit

Rural credit comes from various sources to support farmers and rural businesses. Key sources include:

1. Commercial Banks

• Provide loans at competitive interest rates.
• Example: Farmers can borrow for purchasing seeds and fertilizers.

2. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

• Focus on rural areas to boost agricultural development.
• Offer tailored loans for small-scale farmers.

3. Cooperatives

• Help members pool resources for loans.
• Example: A farmer’s cooperative might offer credit for machinery.

4. Self-Help Groups (SHGs)

• Encourage savings and provide small loans.
• Empower women by funding their small businesses.

5. Land Development Banks

• Specialize in long-term loans for agricultural investments.
• Example: Loans for purchasing land or heavy machinery.

These sources play a vital role in ensuring farmers have access to necessary funds for their agricultural needs.

Non-Economic Factors of Economic Development

Economic development is influenced by several non-economic factors, including:

• Social Mobility: Communities that embrace change encourage entrepreneurship.
• Education: Access to education helps individuals gain skills necessary for business success.
• Cultural Values: Societies that value hard work and innovation support entrepreneurial growth.

These factors create a conducive environment for development.