MPPSC Mains PYQs

“Free riders” refer to individuals or entities that benefit from a resource, service, or public good without contributing to its cost or maintenance. This concept is often discussed in the context of public goods, such as clean air, national defense, or public parks, where it is challenging to exclude non-contributors from enjoying the benefits. Free riding can lead to underfunding and overuse of resources, as those who do contribute may feel discouraged, knowing others can access the benefits without paying. This phenomenon can create inefficiencies and inequalities, making it essential to establish fair funding mechanisms to ensure sustainability and equitable access.

Beneficiaries of social security include individuals and families who require financial support during times of need, such as the elderly, disabled, unemployed, or low-income workers. Key components of social security typically include retirement benefits, disability insurance, unemployment insurance, and health care coverage. Retirement benefits provide income to individuals after they reach a certain age. Disability insurance offers financial assistance to those unable to work due to illness or injury. Unemployment insurance supports those who have lost their jobs, while health care coverage ensures access to necessary medical services. Together, these components aim to promote economic stability and improve quality of life.

The major objective of the Mukhyamantri Kisan Kalyan Yojana in Madhya Pradesh is to provide financial assistance and support to farmers for enhancing their livelihoods and agricultural productivity. This scheme aims to alleviate the financial burden on farmers by offering direct cash transfers and subsidies for inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and equipment. Additionally, it seeks to improve access to credit and promote sustainable farming practices. By empowering farmers with the necessary resources, the initiative intends to boost agricultural development, increase crop yields, and ultimately improve the economic condition of rural communities in Madhya Pradesh.

Significant capital expenditure contributions for infrastructure development have primarily been directed towards several key sectors. Transportation is a major focus, with investments in roads, railways, airports, and ports to enhance connectivity. Energy infrastructure, including renewable energy projects, power generation, and distribution networks, has also received substantial funding to support sustainable growth. The water and sanitation sector is critical, with investments aimed at improving access to clean water and sewage systems. Additionally, housing and urban development initiatives have been supported to address the growing urban population’s needs. Together, these sectors are vital for economic growth and improving living standards.

The ‘Hub & Spoke’ model in Madhya Pradesh is an innovative approach to improve transportation and logistics infrastructure. In this model, major cities or hubs act as central points where goods and services converge, while smaller towns or spokes serve as distribution points. This setup enhances connectivity by allowing efficient movement of products between hubs and spokes, reducing transportation costs and time. It also promotes regional development by linking rural areas to urban markets. The model aims to streamline supply chains, boost economic growth, and ensure better access to resources and services for communities across the state.