“How did the Indian Rebellion of 1857 impact the relationship between the British Crown and the Indian territories, and what were the major changes in British policies toward India as a result of the rebellion?”
The integration of NREGA in the Rural Economy –The Success and the Challenges The legal measure is the NREGA that was passed in 2005 to offer at least 100 days of wage employment every year for rural households. However it has yielded positive results especially to rural people and it also has challRead more
The integration of NREGA in the Rural Economy –The Success and the Challenges
The legal measure is the NREGA that was passed in 2005 to offer at least 100 days of wage employment every year for rural households. However it has yielded positive results especially to rural people and it also has challenges.
Major Successes:
1. Employment Generation:
It has opened a source of income for millions of people and women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribs who are considered socially inferior in India.
2. Reducing Rural Distress: –
– NREGA has provided remedy to rural poverty and migration by giving employment nearer to the place.
3. Asset Creation:
Commissioned works like water conservation, irrigation canals, roads etc have built up physically as well as productivity improvement of rural areas.
4. Women Empowerment:
It has provided the women of this country with economic opportunity and social status as more than fifty per cent participation is of women.
Main Challenges:
1. Delayed Payment of Wages:
Employers also take time to pay the wages that is questionable for the whole concept.
2. Corruption and Mismanagement:
Challenges like ghost beneficiaries, fake job cards and fund embezzlement are some of the benchmarks which hinder the right implementation.
3. Inadequate Work Distribution:
– Some states actually offer less than the expected 100 days of work to contractors which leads to underemployment.
4. Lack of Awareness:
Many of them have no clue as to what the Act enshrines for their benefits.
Conclusion:
Despite the increased employment and developments in rural physical infrastructures required by NREGA, the Act still requires challenges like corruption, payment delays, and lack of awareness so that the Act would not need them in future.
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Relations and Policy Changes The Indian Rebellion of 1857 created a watershed moment in the history of British rule in India, changing the nature of British Crown rule over Indian territories. The revolt revealed every fault of governance by the East India Company and helped to establish British conRead more
Relations and Policy Changes The Indian Rebellion of 1857 created a watershed moment in the history of British rule in India, changing the nature of British Crown rule over Indian territories. The revolt revealed every fault of governance by the East India Company and helped to establish British control over India.
Effects on British-Indian relationships:
1. End of Control of the East India Company:
Passing under the Government of India Act (1858), which removed the East India Company, administrative authority was transferred right to the British Crown.
British sovereignty was officially recognized when Queen Victoria, the British monarch, became known as ‘Empress of India in 1876’.
2. Distributed Power:
In Britain, a Secretary of State for India was established to manage Indian affairs, with a body known as the India Council supporting him.
Representing the British Crown, the Governor-General of India was renamed the ‘Viceroy of India’.
significant developments in British policies toward India:
1. Administrative as well as military changes:
Rearranging the Army: British forces were more abundant and Indian soldiery in the army cut. Recruits from communities seen as “loyal,” including Sikhs and Gurkhas, were selectively chosen to be Indian troops.
2. Divide and Rule Tactic: By encouraging distinctions along religious and regional lines, the British sought to stop Indian peoples from uniting.
3. Indian Culture and Religion Policy of Noninterference:
As a means of lessening resentment, Queen Victoria’s Proclamation of 1858 assured Indians religious freedom and non-interference in social customs.
More racial discrimination, considering Europe’s treatment of Gypsies across centuries.
British government gradually came to doubt Indians and laws kept reinforcing segregation and marginalizing Indian participation in government operations.
4. Princely Estates: Strengthened
Abandoned to gain the support of the princely states was the annexation plan of the *Doctrine of Lapse.* Many monarchs were promised security as long as they stayed close to Britain.
5. Financial exploitation on the rise:
India stayed in the British imperial economy providing raw materials and a market for British goods. Increasing worse for rural despair was the government’s heavy taxation and land revenue policies.
The British response to India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 changed to one of direct control, bureaucratic overhaul, and a more conservative governmental strategy. The three conditions necessary for the preservation of their rule and the seeding of future nationalist movements were British security, economic exploitation, and social division at every level.
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