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Modern India

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Home/Modern India/Page 21

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: July 19, 2024In: , , , ,
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this question puts on stand various socio economic initiatives taken on both legislative and executive ends.

question
  1. PRATIBHA KUMARI SAHA
    PRATIBHA KUMARI SAHA Begginer

    Tokenization: Empowering Security in a Digital Era   In the dynamic realm of digital transactions, security remains paramount. Tokenization—a powerful solution—safeguards sensitive data and empowers users. Originating in 2001, it now underpins mobile payment systems like Apple Pay and Samsung PRead more

    Tokenization: Empowering Security in a Digital Era

     

    In the dynamic realm of digital transactions, security remains paramount. Tokenization—a powerful solution—safeguards sensitive data and empowers users. Originating in 2001, it now underpins mobile payment systems like Apple Pay and Samsung Pay. However, challenges persist:

     

    1. Awareness: Many remain unaware of tokenization’s benefits.

    2. Standardization: Lack of uniform standards hinders seamless integration.

    3. Infrastructure: Legacy systems need upgrading.

    4. Education: Users need informed guidance.

     

    To overcome these hurdles:

     

    1. Educate: Launch awareness campaigns.

    2. Collaborate: Establish industry standards.

    3. Incentivize: Encourage adoption.

    4. Upgrade: Modernize payment infrastructure.

    5. Train: Educate users effectively.

     

    “Secure Transactions, Empowered Lives.”

     

     

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CHALLA YOGESH
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CHALLA YOGESHBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In:
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  1. Faeza Kazim
    Faeza Kazim Begginer

    1. Multilingual Education: Create textbooks and learning materials in multiple languages, ensuring representation of regional dialects and cultural contexts. Inclusion of regional languages alongside Hindi and English to encourage the MTB-MLE approach. 2. Cultural Integration: Integrating local festRead more

    1. Multilingual Education:

    Create textbooks and learning materials in multiple languages, ensuring representation of regional dialects and cultural contexts. Inclusion of regional languages alongside Hindi and English to encourage the MTB-MLE approach.

    2. Cultural Integration:

    Integrating local festivals, traditions, and customs into the school calendar and daily activities is needed for promoting cultural awareness. Organize cultural days for students to showcase their traditions through food, clothing, music, and dance.

    3. Teacher Training:

    Provide teachers with training on cultural sensitivity and multilingual education techniques. Hire teachers from diverse cultural backgrounds who can bring their unique perspectives into the classroom.

    4. Extracurricular Activities:

    Establish cultural clubs that celebrate different regions, languages, and traditions. Organize inter-school competitions focusing on regional arts, music, and literature.

    5. Community Involvement:

    Engage parents and local communities in school activities to foster a sense of belonging and pride in cultural heritage.

    6. Technology and Digital Learning:

    Develop e-learning platforms and digital resources in multiple languages. Facilitate virtual exchanges with schools from different regions to promote cross-cultural understanding.

    7. Infrastructure and Environment:

    Decorate school premises with symbols, artwork, and icons representing various cultures. Stock libraries with books and multimedia resources in different languages and about different cultures.

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Shree Shree Singh
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Shree Shree SinghBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
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Talk about India’s judicial accountability laws and the procedures for disciplining bad judges. Analyze the function of the internal procedure, the impeachment process, and other accountability tools. Compare the Indian method with other democratic countries’ procedures for holding judges accountable.

upsc: judiciary
  1. Tina Singh
    Tina Singh Begginer

    In India, ensuring judicial accountability is crucial to maintain public trust in the judiciary and uphold the rule of law. The provisions and mechanisms for disciplining errant judges involve both constitutional processes and internal mechanisms. Here’s an analysis of these provisions, mechanisms,Read more

    In India, ensuring judicial accountability is crucial to maintain public trust in the judiciary and uphold the rule of law. The provisions and mechanisms for disciplining errant judges involve both constitutional processes and internal mechanisms. Here’s an analysis of these provisions, mechanisms, and a comparison with practices in other democratic nations:

    Provisions for Judicial Accountability in India:
    Impeachment Process:

    Article 124(4) and Article 218: Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts can be removed from office through impeachment for “proved misbehavior or incapacity.”
    Process: Impeachment requires a motion supported by at least 100 members of Lok Sabha or 50 members of Rajya Sabha, followed by investigation and decision by a committee comprising members of both houses, and finally a two-thirds majority in both houses.
    In-house Procedure:

    Role of Chief Justice: The Chief Justice of India or the Chief Justice of the respective High Court may initiate an in-house procedure to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges.
    Informal Inquiry: Conducted by a committee of judges to examine allegations and recommend actions such as advice, warning, or further disciplinary proceedings.
    Other Accountability Measures:

    Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill, 2010: Proposed measures for establishing a National Judicial Oversight Committee and laying down standards of conduct for judges.
    Supreme Court Judgment: The Supreme Court has affirmed that judges can be held accountable for misconduct under the In-house Procedure or through other legal means.
    Comparison with Practices in Other Democratic Nations:
    United States:

    Impeachment: Federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, can be impeached by the House of Representatives and removed by the Senate for “high crimes and misdemeanors.”
    Judicial Conduct: The Judicial Conference of the United States oversees the conduct of federal judges and can recommend disciplinary actions to the Senate.
    United Kingdom:

    Removal: Judges can be removed by the Queen on an address from both Houses of Parliament for “misbehavior” or “incapacity,” following an investigation by the Lord Chancellor and a judicial tribunal.
    Judicial Conduct: The Judicial Conduct Investigations Office (JCIO) investigates complaints against judges and recommends actions, including removal or resignation.
    Australia:

    Removal: Federal judges can be removed by Parliament on an address from both Houses for “proved misbehavior or incapacity,” following an investigation by a parliamentary committee.
    Judicial Conduct: The Judicial Commission of Australia investigates complaints against judges and may recommend removal or other disciplinary actions.
    Effectiveness and Challenges in India:
    Impeachment Process: Historically, the impeachment process in India has been rarely successful due to its rigorous requirements and political considerations.
    In-house Procedure: Provides a mechanism for internal discipline but lacks transparency and independent oversight.
    Challenges: Ensuring independence of disciplinary processes, addressing delays in handling complaints, and balancing judicial independence with accountability remain significant challenges.
    Conclusion:
    The provisions for judicial accountability in India, including the impeachment process, in-house procedure, and proposed legislative measures, aim to uphold judicial integrity and discipline errant behavior. While these mechanisms are essential, their effectiveness hinges on ensuring transparency, independence, and timely resolution of complaints. Learning from practices in other democracies can provide insights into strengthening India’s judicial accountability framework, ensuring that it remains robust and credible in maintaining public confidence in the judiciary

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Clement Nayak
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Clement NayakBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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How can decriminalizing crimes help in reducing the number of crimes, if it can?

  1. Annie Baruah
    Annie Baruah Begginer

    Decriminalization refers to the legislative process where certain mandatory criminal sanctions are removed to decrease harm. The main objective is to divert resources invested in monitoring minor and non-violent crimes to major serious cases. However, it does not mean pardoning petty criminals but pRead more

    Decriminalization refers to the legislative process where certain mandatory criminal sanctions are removed to decrease harm. The main objective is to divert resources invested in monitoring minor and non-violent crimes to major serious cases. However, it does not mean pardoning petty criminals but promoting access to education, harm reduction, and treatment services.

     

    1. Reduced Compliance Burden: The Jan Vishwas Bill has decriminalized over 180 provisions in 42 central laws, which reduced the compliance burden and promoted ease of doing business.

     

    1. Increased Focus on Rehabilitation: This approach has been adopted in countries like Portugal, which has led to better public health outcomes, including reduced drug-related deaths and increased access to rehabilitation services

     

    1. Reduced Incarceration Rates: Decriminalization can reduce the number of individuals entering the criminal justice system, thereby decreasing the burden on prisons and the judiciary.

     

    1. Increased Efficiency in Law Enforcement: Decriminalization of Adultery (2018), the legal system is relieved of unnecessary cases that do not contribute to public safety or morality, allowing for a more targeted judicial process on terrorism and other organized crime.

     

    1. Reduced Stigma: Decriminalization can encourage more individuals to seek help without fear of social ostracism or criminal penalties thereby reducing the stigma, leading to better recovery outcomes and reintegration into society.

     

    Decriminalizing certain crimes in India can contribute to reducing the number of crimes and lead to a more effective and humane criminal justice system, promoting a safer and more equitable society.

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Harish Sharma
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Harish SharmaBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Examine how the British annexation policy affected princely state sovereignty.

upsc: policy towards princely states
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    The British policy of annexation, through Doctrine of Lapse, misgovernment and military conquest, led to the loss of autonomy and sovereignty of princely states integrating them into British India.The British policy of annexation had a profound impact on the sovereignty of princely states in India.Read more

    The British policy of annexation, through Doctrine of Lapse, misgovernment and military conquest, led to the loss of autonomy and sovereignty of princely states integrating them into British India.The British policy of annexation had a profound impact on the sovereignty of princely states in India. Here’s a detailed analysis.

    Methods of Annexation –

    • The British annexed states where the ruler died without a male heir.
    • The British intervened in states deemed misgoverned often using this as a pretext for annexation.
    • The British used military force to annex states that resisted their authority.

    Impact on Sovereignty –

    • Annexation led to the complete loss of autonomy for princely states as they were absorbed into British India.
    • The British abolished traditional rights and privileges of rulers reducing them to pensioners of the British Crown.
    • Annexation led to the disintegration of local institutions such as the judiciary, revenue administration and military.

    Consequences –

    • Annexation policies fueled resentment among rulers and their subjects, leading to rebellions such as the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
    • Annexation led to the erosion of cultural identities and traditional practices as British values and institutions were imposed.
    • Annexation disrupted local economies, as British policies favored British trade and commerce over local interests.

     

    In conclusion, the British policy of annexation had a devastating impact on the sovereignty of princely states leading to the loss of autonomy, erosion of traditional rights and disintegration of local institutions.

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Dinesh Matwa
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Dinesh MatwaBegginer
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
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question
  1. Nitin Malhotra
    Nitin Malhotra Learner

    The "First National War of Independence of 1857" refers to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, which was a widespread rebellion against British rule in India. However, the phrase "First National War of Independence" is a subject of controversy among historians. Arguments agRead more

    The “First National War of Independence of 1857” refers to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, which was a widespread rebellion against British rule in India. However, the phrase “First National War of Independence” is a subject of controversy among historians.

    Arguments against the term “First National War of Independence”:

    1. Regional nature: The rebellion was largely confined to the North-Western and Eastern parts of India, and did not involve the entire country. It was more of a regional uprising than a national movement.
    2. Lack of unity: The rebellion was not a unified effort across different regions and communities. There were multiple factions and leaders with their own agendas, making it difficult to call it a single, cohesive movement.
    3. Limited goals: The rebels’ objectives were primarily focused on removing British rule and restoring Mughal authority, rather than achieving independence in the modern sense.
    4. British colonial narrative: The British portrayed the rebellion as a mere mutiny by Indian soldiers against British rule, downplaying its significance as a national liberation struggle.

    Arguments for the term “First National War of Independence”:

    1. Symbolic significance: The rebellion marked the beginning of a new era in Indian resistance against colonial rule, inspiring future generations to fight for independence.
    2. Broader implications: Although the rebellion did not achieve immediate independence, it contributed to the decline of British authority and paved the way for later movements, such as the Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.
    3. Inspiration for future struggles: The 1857 rebellion inspired later movements, including the non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) and the Quit India Movement (1942-1944), which ultimately led to India’s independence in 1947.
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Eisha Trivedi
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Eisha TrivediBegginer
Asked: August 12, 2024In:
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Examine how the Indian press has contributed to the public awareness of social issues and reform movements, as well as how this has affected the evolution of Indian society.

upsc: development of indian press
  1. Ridhima Rathod
    Ridhima Rathod Begginer

    The Indian press has played a crucial role in highlighting social issues and reform movements throughout its history. From the early colonial period to contemporary times, newspapers and media outlets have been instrumental in addressing societal challenges, advocating for reform, and transforming IRead more

    The Indian press has played a crucial role in highlighting social issues and reform movements throughout its history. From the early colonial period to contemporary times, newspapers and media outlets have been instrumental in addressing societal challenges, advocating for reform, and transforming Indian society.

    1. Historical Role of the Press in Social Reforms

    • Early Reform Movements: During the 19th century, newspapers like The Hindu and The Statesman were pivotal in promoting social reform. Raja Ram Mohun Roy, founder of the Brahmo Samaj, used the press to campaign against Sati and advocate for women’s rights. His writings in the Bengali journal, Samvad Kaumudi, exposed social injustices and contributed to legislative reforms like the Regulating Act of 1829, which banned Sati.
    • Social and Cultural Reforms: Swami Vivekananda and other reformers like Jyotirao Phule used newspapers and journals to challenge caste discrimination and promote education. Publications such as Maharashtra Dharma and The Light of Truth were platforms for discussing issues like untouchability and the need for social equality.

    2. Impact on Modern Social Issues

    • Empowerment and Advocacy: In contemporary India, the press continues to be a powerful tool for highlighting social issues and advocating for change. The Hindu and The Times of India have covered a range of issues, from gender equality to environmental concerns. For example, the extensive coverage of the #MeToo Movement in Indian newspapers brought to light issues of sexual harassment and gender inequality, leading to greater public awareness and institutional responses.
    • Campaigning Against Corruption: Investigative journalism has played a significant role in uncovering corruption and demanding accountability. The Indian Express and Tehelka have published exposés on scandals like the 2G Spectrum Case and the Commonwealth Games Scandal, which not only brought the issues to public attention but also led to legal and administrative actions.
    • Public Health Issues: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the press was crucial in disseminating information about health guidelines and government policies. Newspapers such as The Economic Times and Mint provided continuous updates on the pandemic, influencing public behavior and government strategies.

    3. Role in Social Transformation

    • Mobilizing Public Opinion: The Indian press has been effective in mobilizing public opinion and creating awareness about critical social issues. The coverage of farmers’ protests in 2020-2021, as reported by The Hindu and NDTV, highlighted the farmers’ demands and the socio-economic impacts of the new farm laws. This widespread media coverage played a role in generating national and international support for the movement.
    • Advancing Gender Equality: Media campaigns and reports on issues like female infanticide, dowry deaths, and women’s representation have contributed to societal changes. The press has been a key player in advocating for legal reforms, such as the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, which addressed sexual violence following the Nirbhaya case.
    • Promoting Environmental Awareness: Indian newspapers have also focused on environmental issues, including air pollution, deforestation, and climate change. Reports and editorials in publications like The Times of India and Hindustan Times have contributed to public awareness and pressure on policymakers to address environmental challenges.

    Recent Examples and Impact

    • Rise of Digital Media: With the advent of digital media, platforms like The Wire and Scroll.in have expanded the scope of social issue coverage, reaching a broader audience and fostering interactive engagement on issues such as digital privacy and internet freedom.
    • Advocacy for LGBTQ+ Rights: Media coverage of the decriminalization of homosexuality following the Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India case in 2018 highlighted the struggles and victories of the LGBTQ+ community, influencing public perception and policy changes.

    In conclusion, the Indian press has been a vital force in highlighting social issues and advocating for reform movements. Its role in mobilizing public opinion, influencing policy, and transforming societal norms underscores its significant impact on Indian society. Through historical and contemporary examples, it is evident that the press continues to be a powerful agent of change and a catalyst for social progress.

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Chitra Kannan
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Chitra KannanBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In: ,
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n India, the educational system is a frequent topic of discussion, and the debate over which system is best continues. As a teacher, I have experienced various systems, including Samacheer, CBSE, IGCSE, and ICS. I compared Samacheer and CBSE and ...

cbcseeducationeducation systemedxcelicseigcseindian education stytempersonasamacheerstate board
  1. Arpit Yadav
    Arpit Yadav Begginer

    The Montessori educational system is often considered better for students due to its emphasis on individualized learning, hands-on experiences, and fostering independence. Unlike traditional systems that rely heavily on rote memorization and standardized testing, Montessori education encourages studRead more

    The Montessori educational system is often considered better for students due to its emphasis on individualized learning, hands-on experiences, and fostering independence. Unlike traditional systems that rely heavily on rote memorization and standardized testing, Montessori education encourages students to explore subjects at their own pace, promoting deeper understanding and intrinsic motivation.

    In a Montessori classroom, students engage in self-directed activities, allowing them to pursue their interests and develop critical thinking skills. This approach nurtures creativity and problem-solving abilities, essential traits in today’s rapidly changing world. Additionally, mixed-age classrooms foster collaboration, as older students mentor younger ones, enhancing social skills and community building.

    Moreover, Montessori education places significant importance on social-emotional development. By encouraging respect, empathy, and cooperation among peers, students learn valuable interpersonal skills that contribute to their overall well-being.

    In summary, the Montessori system’s focus on individualized learning, hands-on experiences, and social-emotional growth creates a more engaging and effective educational environment, preparing students not only academically but also as well-rounded individuals ready to face future challenges.

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Gajendra Bahadur Thapa
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Gajendra Bahadur ThapaBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , ,
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What steps can governments and policymakers take to ensure that education remains a priority amid competing societal and economic challenges?

education reformantpoicymakers
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    Government and policymakers can do a couple of things to keep education a priority. Among these are: -Increased Funding; Allocating more funds into education specifically public schools and higher education institutes. -Targeted Spending: Funding for early childhood education, teacher training, andRead more

    Government and policymakers can do a couple of things to keep education a priority. Among these are:
    -Increased Funding; Allocating more funds into education specifically public schools and higher education institutes. -Targeted Spending: Funding for early childhood education, teacher training, and specific infrastructural development.
    -National Policy Reforms include:
    -Quality Assurance: High quality assurance standards for both educational institutions and training programs for teachers.
    -Accountability: A monitoring system of results and accountability.
    -Policies in Inclusive Education: Formulate inclusive education policies to cater to the needs of diverse learners such as students with disabilities and marginalized groups.

    New Directions:
    Digital Learning: Exploiting technology for improving learning experiences in particularly those areas with little access. Lifelong Learning: Extend Learning Opportunities for all age segments. Skills Development: Place education in tune with industry to create employable graduates.

    Public-Private Partnerships:
    -Collaborate: Bring government, private sector, civil society together to pool resources and expertise. Incentivize: Provide tax incentives and other benefits to induce private sector benefits to the education field.

    These measures will ensure that education always remains at the top of the priority list, producing a workforce of skills, social mobility, and the engine of economic growth for governments and policymakers.

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