Sign Up

Have an account?

Sign In

Don't have account,

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.


Have an account?

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask a question.

Need An Account,

Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.

Search
Ask A Question

Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939)

Share
Followers
70 Answers
49 Questions
Home/Freedom Movement/Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939)

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Darshan Malik
  • 0
Darshan MalikLearner
Asked: August 9, 2024In:
  • 0

Consider how important the Civil Disobedience Movement was in opposing colonial rule and broadening the nationalist movement’s base of support.

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Riya Chaudhary
    Riya Chaudhary Begginer

    Significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in Challenging Colonial Authority and Expanding the Base of the Nationalist Struggle The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), led by Mahatma Gandhi, was a crucial phase in the Indian nationalist struggle. It played a significant role in challengingRead more

    Significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in Challenging Colonial Authority and Expanding the Base of the Nationalist Struggle

    The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), led by Mahatma Gandhi, was a crucial phase in the Indian nationalist struggle. It played a significant role in challenging British colonial authority and broadening the base of the Indian freedom movement. This movement marked a shift in the approach to political resistance and had lasting impacts on the trajectory of the independence struggle.

    Challenging Colonial Authority

    1. Direct Challenge to British Laws:
      • Non-Payment of Taxes and Refusal to Obey Laws: The Civil Disobedience Movement directly confronted British colonial laws by advocating for the refusal to obey unjust laws and regulations. The most prominent example was the salt tax protest, where Gandhi led the famous Dandi March in 1930 to produce salt from the sea, defying the British monopoly on salt production. This act of civil disobedience was a powerful symbol of resistance against colonial economic policies.
    2. Undermining British Legitimacy:
      • Erosion of Colonial Authority: By encouraging widespread non-compliance with British laws, the movement undermined the perceived legitimacy and effectiveness of British rule. The widespread acts of civil disobedience involved defying laws, boycotting British goods, and resigning from government jobs, which collectively weakened the colonial administration’s control over Indian society.
    3. International Attention:
      • Globalizing the Indian Struggle: The movement attracted significant international attention and sympathy for the Indian cause. The global press coverage of Gandhi’s salt march and the subsequent arrest of thousands of protesters highlighted the injustices of British rule to a worldwide audience. This internationalization of the Indian struggle helped garner support from other nations and added pressure on the British government.

    Expanding the Base of the Nationalist Struggle

    1. Broad-Based Participation:
      • Involvement of Diverse Social Groups: The Civil Disobedience Movement saw extensive participation from various segments of Indian society, including farmers, workers, students, and women. This inclusivity helped broaden the base of the nationalist struggle, incorporating voices from previously marginalized groups. For example, the movement witnessed active involvement from women leaders like Sarojini Naidu and young leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru.
    2. Strengthening Grassroots Mobilization:
      • Formation of Local Committees and Networks: The movement facilitated grassroots mobilization through the establishment of local committees and networks that organized protests, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience. This grassroots approach strengthened the organizational base of the Indian National Congress and other nationalist groups, creating a more robust and widespread network of resistance.
    3. Empowerment of New Leaders:
      • Rise of New Political Figures: The Civil Disobedience Movement provided a platform for emerging leaders to gain prominence and influence. Figures such as Subhas Chandra Bose and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel gained political stature during this period, and their leadership would later play crucial roles in the independence movement and in shaping post-independence India.
    4. Impact on Indian Society:
      • Social Reforms and Awareness: The movement also fostered social awareness and reforms. The Campaign against untouchability and the promotion of Khadi (hand-spun cloth) were integral to the movement, aiming to address social inequalities and promote self-reliance. The emphasis on Khadi helped in reviving traditional industries and fostering a sense of national pride.

    Recent Examples and Reflection

    1. Contemporary Movements:
      • Non-Violent Resistance: The principles of the Civil Disobedience Movement continue to influence modern political movements. Recent examples include the anti-corruption protests led by Anna Hazare in 2011 and the farmers’ protest against agricultural laws in 2020-2021. Both movements utilized non-violent resistance and mass mobilization techniques reminiscent of Gandhi’s approach, demonstrating the enduring relevance of civil disobedience in addressing contemporary issues.
    2. Ongoing Relevance:
      • Lessons in Political Activism: The Civil Disobedience Movement’s emphasis on non-violence, mass participation, and direct action provides valuable lessons for modern political activism. Its success in challenging colonial authority and expanding the nationalist base illustrates the power of organized, non-violent resistance in achieving social and political goals.

    In conclusion, the Civil Disobedience Movement was a transformative phase in the Indian nationalist struggle, challenging colonial authority and broadening the movement’s base. Its legacy of non-violent resistance and mass mobilization continues to inspire contemporary political activism, highlighting its enduring significance in the quest for justice and independence.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 9, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Introduce the significance of the 1920s in the Indian national movement. State how this period marked the emergence of various ideological strands that broadened the movement’s social base. Fact to Use: The 1920s were crucial for the diversification of ...

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Indian national movement in the 1920s underwent a significant transformation with the emergence of various ideological strands, broadening its social base. This decade marked a diversification of the nationalist struggle, as different groups and leaders contributed uniqRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Indian national movement in the 1920s underwent a significant transformation with the emergence of various ideological strands, broadening its social base. This decade marked a diversification of the nationalist struggle, as different groups and leaders contributed unique ideas and strategies toward the fight for independence.

    Key Ideological Strands

    Gandhian Ideology

    Mahatma Gandhi emerged as a central figure during this period, promoting non-violent civil disobedience known as Satyagraha. His campaigns, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) and the Khilafat Movement (1919-1924), attracted support from peasants, workers, and the middle class. Gandhi’s emphasis on swaraj (self-rule) and the use of indigenous products (swadeshi) resonated widely, fostering a sense of unity among diverse groups.

    Revolutionary Nationalism

    Simultaneously, leaders like Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad championed revolutionary nationalism through organizations like the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). While their approach of armed struggle garnered limited mass support, it inspired youth and instilled a spirit of sacrifice and patriotism among the younger generation, emphasizing the urgency of independence.

    Socialism and Communism

    The formation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925 and the rise of socialist leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose helped in addressing socio-economic issues. Their ideologies attracted workers, peasants, and intellectuals, integrating socio-economic concerns with the nationalist struggle, thus expanding the movement’s appeal.

    Identity-Based Movements

    Identity-based movements played a crucial role in diversifying the national movement. The Self-Respect Movement led by E.V. Ramasamy “Periyar” focused on eradicating caste discrimination, while the demand for separate electorates for Muslims, championed by the All-India Muslim League, highlighted the communal dimensions of Indian politics.

    Regional Nationalism

    Various linguistic and cultural groups began to demand greater representation and autonomy, encouraging regional leaders to engage in the nationalist struggle. This regional emphasis enriched the national movement and reflected the diverse aspirations of the Indian population.

    Conclusion

    The 1920s were a pivotal era in the Indian national movement, characterized by the emergence of various ideological strands that significantly expanded its social base. These diverse ideologies, albeit sometimes contradictory, enriched the nationalist struggle and laid the groundwork for the eventual achievement of Indian independence.

    See less
Arman Khan
  • 0
Arman KhanBegginer
Asked: August 9, 2024In:
  • 0

Analyze the Indian National Congress’s responses to the growing wave of mass nationalism as well as the tactics used by the colonial government to combat it.

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Esha Chopra
    Esha Chopra Begginer

    Evaluate the Strategies Adopted by the Colonial Government to Counter the Rising Tide of Mass Nationalism and the Responses of the Indian National Congress During the early 20th century, as mass nationalism gained momentum in India, the British colonial government implemented various strategies to cRead more

    Evaluate the Strategies Adopted by the Colonial Government to Counter the Rising Tide of Mass Nationalism and the Responses of the Indian National Congress

    During the early 20th century, as mass nationalism gained momentum in India, the British colonial government implemented various strategies to counter the rising tide of nationalist sentiments. The Indian National Congress (INC) responded with a range of strategies to counter these measures and advance the cause of independence. Here’s an evaluation of both sides:

    Strategies Adopted by the Colonial Government

    1. Repressive Measures:
      • Use of Police and Military: The colonial government frequently employed police and military force to suppress nationalist activities and protests.
      • Recent Example: During the Quit India Movement (1942), the British government imposed severe repression, including mass arrests, censorship, and military interventions to crush the movement.
    2. Legislative Reforms:
      • Piecemeal Reforms: The British introduced legislative reforms aimed at appeasing moderate nationalists while curbing radical demands.
      • Recent Example: The Government of India Act 1935 was a response to growing nationalist pressure, offering limited self-government but maintaining substantial British control over key areas like defense and foreign affairs.
    3. Divide and Rule Policy:
      • Exploiting Communal Divisions: The British used communal tensions to divide nationalist forces and weaken the unified struggle for independence.
      • Recent Example: The communal awards of 1932 and the subsequent Simon Commission stoked divisions by implementing separate electorates for different communities, exacerbating communal tensions.
    4. Propaganda and Negotiation:
      • Engaging in Propaganda: The colonial government used propaganda to portray nationalist leaders as extremists and to emphasize the supposed benefits of British rule.
      • Recent Example: The Wavell Plan (1945) and the Simla Conference (1945) were attempts to negotiate with nationalist leaders while undermining their demands and buying time.

    Responses of the Indian National Congress

    1. Mass Mobilization:
      • Expanding the Base: The INC responded to repressive measures by expanding its base and mobilizing mass support through non-violent protests and campaigns.
      • Recent Example: The Salt March (1930), led by Mahatma Gandhi, was a significant act of civil disobedience that mobilized widespread support and highlighted the injustices of British policies.
    2. Negotiation and Compromise:
      • Engagement in Negotiations: The INC engaged in negotiations with the British government to achieve concessions and push for greater autonomy.
      • Recent Example: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) was an agreement between Gandhi and the Viceroy, which led to the suspension of the civil disobedience movement in exchange for political concessions and the release of political prisoners.
    3. Adapting Strategies:
      • Strategic Adjustments: The INC adapted its strategies in response to the changing political landscape, shifting from radical to moderate approaches when necessary.
      • Recent Example: Following the failure of the Round Table Conferences, the INC adopted a more moderate approach, focusing on reforms and legislative changes while maintaining a strong push for self-governance.
    4. Uniting Against Divisive Tactics:
      • Countering Communal Divisions: The INC worked to counter the divide-and-rule tactics by promoting Hindu-Muslim unity and fostering a united front against colonial rule.
      • Recent Example: The 1942 Quit India Resolution emphasized the need for a unified struggle against British rule, despite the growing communal tensions and divisions.

    Impact and Legacy

    1. Impact on Nationalist Movement:
      • Strengthening Resolve: The British strategies, while repressive, ultimately strengthened the resolve of the nationalist movement and drew more public support for the cause.
      • Recent Example: The brutal suppression of the Quit India Movement led to increased nationalist fervor and accelerated the demand for complete independence.
    2. Post-Independence Implications:
      • Legacy of Struggle: The strategies and responses during this period shaped the post-independence political landscape, influencing the nature of Indian democracy and its approach to handling dissent and communal issues.
      • Recent Example: The legacy of the British divide-and-rule policies continues to impact contemporary Indian politics, with ongoing challenges related to communal tensions and regional disparities.

    In summary, the strategies adopted by the colonial government to counter mass nationalism and the responses of the Indian National Congress were central to the evolution of the Indian independence movement. The British government’s repressive measures and divide-and-rule tactics were met with strategic mobilization, negotiation, and adaptation by the INC, ultimately contributing to the achievement of independence in 1947.

    See less
Prakher Singh
  • 0
Prakher SinghBegginer
Asked: June 17, 2024In:
  • 0

Explain the causes of the upsurge in revolutionary activity following the Non-Cooperation Movement. (Answer in 200 words)

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Sujata Gautam
    Sujata Gautam Begginer

    Answer: The revolutionaries had faced severe repression during the First World War. But in early 1920, many of them were released to allow a harmonious environment for the Montford Reforms to work. Gandhi soon launched the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM). Persuaded by Gandhiji and C.R. Das, many revoRead more

    Answer: The revolutionaries had faced severe repression during the First World War. But in early 1920, many of them were released to allow a harmonious environment for the Montford Reforms to work. Gandhi soon launched the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM). Persuaded by Gandhiji and C.R. Das, many revolutionary groups either agreed to join the non-cooperation programme or suspend their activities to give the non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement a chance. However, there was a rise in revolutionary activities post the NCM due to the following reasons:

    • The sudden withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement left many of the revolutionaries disillusioned leading to questioning the basic strategy of the nationalist leadership and began to look for alternatives.
    • The younger nationalists were not convinced by the parliamentary work of the Swarajists or to the patient, undramatic, constructive work of the No-Changers. They were drawn to the idea that violent methods alone would free India and started reviving revolutionary activities.
    • The upsurge of working-class trade unionism after the War influenced the revolutionaries who wanted to harness the revolutionary potential of the new emergent class for nationalist revolution.
    • The influence of Russian Revolution (1917) and the success of the young Soviet state in consolidating itself led to newly sprouting communist groups with their emphasis on Marxism, socialism, and the proletariat. This furthered the rise of revolutionary activities.
    • Literature publishing memoirs and articles extolling the self-sacrifice of revolutionaries started growing in popularity. Journals such as Atmasakti, Sarathi, and Bijoli and books such as Bandi Jiwan by Sachin Sanyal and Pather Dabi by Sharat Chandra Chatterjee fuelled the revolutionary activities too.
    • There was an emphasis on group action aimed at organs of the colonial State, instead of individual action. The objective was to set an example before the youth and to demoralize the bureaucracy especially one operating in Bengal.
    • Facing the classical dilemma and operational difficulties like mobilizing and recruiting people, the young intellectuals later decided to opt for propaganda by deed, i.e., through individual heroic action and by using courts as a forum for revolutionary propaganda. For example, Chandrasekhar Azad, Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen, Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutt etc.

    Two separate strands of revolutionary groups emerged during this period-one operating in Punjab-UP-Bihar and the other in Bengal. Owing to government repression and factionalism among the revolutionaries, revolutionary activity suffered a setback, but soon many of revolutionaries started regrouping new smaller groups and continued work underground like the new ‘Revolt Groups’, under Surya Sen (Chittagong Group).

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the Indian independence movement and its evolution since the 1920s. State that new objectives enriched the vision of independence, emphasizing a modern, inclusive nation. B3ody Section 1: Social and Economic Justice Discuss the aim to address poverty, inequality, and ...

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Indian independence movement underwent significant transformations in its vision and objectives since the 1920s. These new objectives not only expanded the scope of the movement but also emphasized the need for a modern, secular, and inclusive nation that would addressRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Indian independence movement underwent significant transformations in its vision and objectives since the 1920s. These new objectives not only expanded the scope of the movement but also emphasized the need for a modern, secular, and inclusive nation that would address various social, economic, and political issues.

    Social and Economic Justice

    One of the key objectives that emerged was the pursuit of social and economic justice. This aimed to tackle issues like poverty, inequality, and discrimination, promoting a more equitable society. It sought to provide equal opportunities and rights for all citizens, thereby fostering a sense of national unity and purpose. Fact: “The emphasis on social justice became crucial in addressing the grievances of marginalized communities.”

    Communal Harmony

    Recognizing the diversity of India, the objective of promoting communal harmony became central to the independence movement. Leaders understood that unity among various religious and ethnic communities was essential for a cohesive national identity. Fact: “Communal harmony was vital for ensuring the stability of a future independent India.”

    Women’s Empowerment

    The vision for Indian independence also expanded to include women’s rights and gender equality. Women began to participate actively in the movement, challenging traditional gender roles. Fact: “The inclusion of women’s empowerment highlighted the importance of gender equality in nation-building.”

    Secularism

    Secularism emerged as a fundamental principle, aiming to ensure that India would be an inclusive nation accommodating its diverse religious and cultural traditions. This was critical for maintaining peace and harmony in a pluralistic society.

    Democratic Governance

    The push for democratic governance allowed citizens to have a voice in decision-making processes, fostering accountability and transparency. Fact: “The demand for a democratic system was rooted in the desire for self-governance and representation.”

    Self-Reliance and Economic Independence

    Lastly, the objective of self-reliance aimed to break free from the colonial economic system, focusing on developing a self-sufficient economy. This was essential for reducing dependence on foreign resources and fostering national pride.

    Conclusion

    The new objectives that emerged since the 1920s significantly enriched the vision of Indian independence, creating a comprehensive and inclusive approach to the struggle for freedom. These objectives laid the foundation for a modern Indian state centered on democracy, secularism, and social justice, guiding India’s progress in the post-independence era.

    See less
Chetan Gupta
  • 0
Chetan GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
  • 0

Describe in detail how the Non-Cooperation Movement helped to spread civil disobedience and broad nationalism. Emphasize the Gandhian values that shaped the movement and how they affected its results.

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Saumya
    Saumya Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    The Non Cooperation Movement launched in 1920 played a pivotal role in galvanizing Indian masses. Acting as a precursor to the Civil Disobedience Movement, it cemented Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance as a potent force for social and political change. Role of the Non-CooperationRead more

    The Non Cooperation Movement launched in 1920 played a pivotal role in galvanizing Indian masses. Acting as a precursor to the Civil Disobedience Movement, it cemented Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance as a potent force for social and political change.

    Role of the Non-Cooperation Movement in Advancing Mass Nationalism and Promoting Civil Disobedience

    1. Awakening National Consciousness: NCM ignited a sense of national consciousness and unity among Indians from diverse backgrounds. By boycotting British goods and institutions, Indians demonstrated their solidarity in resisting British colonial rule and asserting their rights to self-governance.

    2. Strategic Preparation: NCM equipped Indians with organizational skills, mobilization techniques, and a deeper understanding of the power of nonviolent protest as a means of challenging British authority.

    3. Expansion of Mass Participation: NCM expanded the base of participation in nationalist movements. It encouraged people from all walks of life—students, farmers, workers, and intellectuals—to join the struggle for independence, thus broadening the support base for Civil Disobedience.

    4. Inspiration for Continued Resistance: The widespread participation and success of NCM set a precedent for more assertive campaigns of civil disobedience, such as the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement, which further intensified the pressure on the British government and hastened India’s path to freedom.

    5. Development of Alternative Institutions: In response to the boycott of British institutions during NCM, Indians began establishing their own parallel institutions, such as schools, newspapers, and local governing bodies. The educational institutions like Jamia Milia Islamia, Kashi Vidyapeeth , Hindu Mahasabha National College,etc laid the foundation for self-reliance and governance independent of British control, which was crucial in sustaining CDM.

    6.   Expansion of Leadership: NCM provided a platform for emerging leaders within the Indian National Congress (INC) and other nationalist organizations. It showcased the leadership abilities of figures like Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, and others who would later play pivotal roles in leading the Civil Disobedience Movement and the broader independence struggle.

    Gandhian Principles Guiding the Movement and their influence on the outcome

    1. Nonviolence (Ahimsa): Gandhi’s cornerstone principle of nonviolence advocated peaceful resistance as a means to challenge injustice. NCM embraced nonviolent protests, strikes, and boycotts to peacefully undermine British authority and demonstrate moral strength.

    2. Non-Cooperation: NCM called for Indians to withdraw cooperation from British institutions, including boycotting British goods, resigning from government positions, and abstaining from British-run educational institutions. This strategy aimed to economically and administratively paralyze colonial rule.

    3. Civil Disobedience: Gandhi’s principle of Civil disobedience involved peacefully breaking unjust laws to highlight their injustice, as seen later in actions like the Salt Satyagraha.

    4. Self-Reliance (Swadeshi): Central to NCM was the promotion of Swadeshi, or self-reliance, encouraging Indians to use locally produced goods like khadi. This not only aimed to boycott British imports but also fostered economic independence and empowerment of rural communities.

    5. Unity and Equality: Gandhi emphasized unity across diverse communities and castes. NCM aimed to unite Indians under a common nationalist cause, promoting equality and solidarity in the struggle against colonial exploitation and discrimination.

    6. Satyagraha (Truth Force): Through  Gandhi’s Satyagraha, NCM sought to confront injustice with unwavering truthfulness and inspire change through moral persuasion rather than confrontation.

    7. Democratic Decentralization: Gandhi encouraged local self-governance and the establishment of indigenous institutions, promoting democratic principles and autonomy from British rule.

    8. Economic Justice: NCM and CDM under Gandhi promoted equitable distribution of resources, fair wages for laborers, and support for cottage industries to uplift marginalized communities economically.

    9. Spiritual and Moral Regeneration: Gandhi emphasized the importance of personal ethics, self-discipline, and spiritual growth among participants, fostering a sense of moral clarity and purpose in the nationalist movement.                          

    10. Women’s Empowerment: Gandhi emphasized the role of women in India’s struggle for independence. NCM encouraged women to participate actively in protests, engage in civil disobedience, and take leadership roles within the movement, advocating for gender equality and empowerment.    

    11. International Solidarity: Gandhi believed in forging alliances with international movements for justice and freedom. NCM garnered support from global advocates of self-determination and anti-colonialism, highlighting India’s struggle on the world stage and fostering international solidarity.

    To sum up in words of Mahatma Gandhi, “The Non-Cooperation Movement was a sign of the collective yearning of our people for freedom”. Nonviolent resistance, unity among diverse communities, self reliance, women empowerment, pursuit of truth and justice were essential elements in both NCM and CDM. 

    See less
Anonymous
  • 0
Anonymous
Asked: July 22, 2024In: , ,
  • 0

Democracy thrives on open discourse and the free flow of information, but online platforms can amplify hateful or extremist views. How can democratic societies balance the need for tolerance with the need to protect themselves from those who would undermine ...

demoracytolerance
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    The "Paradox of Tolerance" allows for the idea that absolute tolerance may become a threat to tolerance itself. The paradox has a new twist in the digital age. With online interfaces, freedom of speech and transfer of diverse viewpoints can be provided, but it also increases negative content, such aRead more

    The “Paradox of Tolerance” allows for the idea that absolute tolerance may become a threat to tolerance itself. The paradox has a new twist in the digital age. With online interfaces, freedom of speech and transfer of diverse viewpoints can be provided, but it also increases negative content, such as:
    Hate speech: The Internet may facilitate hate speech, incitement to violence, and other types of discrimination against minority groups.

    -Disinformation and misinformation: False or misleading information can quickly gather enough momentum to challenge the validity of institutions and lead to social unrest.

    -Extremism and radicalization:Online environments can nurture extremist ideologies and convert people to become violent extremists.

    Balancing Tolerance and Protection:

    1. Content Moderation:
    -Have Clear Terms of Service: The companies must have clear and unmistakable terms of service that ban hate speech, harassment, and the creation of false information to be spread to others.

    -Human Moderation- Use human moderators in conjunction with AI algorithm to moderate and delete harmful content.

    -Transparency &Accountability. Speak out what the policies on the moderation of content are for each platform and be able to appeal for the deletion of users’ contents.

    2. Media Literacy
    Training the users in critical thinking, media literacy, and information searching and analysis skills on the Internet.
    Development of Critical Thinking Skills: Embed media literacy into the school curricula so that the students understand the digital sphere and think critically before accepting and acting upon information.
    3. Civil Discourse Support
    -Facilitating Fact-Checking: Provide resources and funding to independent fact-checking services to limit the spread of disinformation
    -Encourage Diverse Views: Assist companies in their efforts toward the promotion of diverse views and engagements of respectful nature between users whose views may differ with them.

    4. Legal and Regulatory Structure:

    Legislative: Legislation related to the proliferation of hate speech, misinformation, and manipulations with online platforms.

    -Regulatory: Think about ways the regulations call the platforms into account for content they allow on the internet and what that has in store for society as a whole.

    5. International Cooperation
    -International Cooperation: Carry out international cooperation to address international issues on global matters of online extremism, disinformation, and information manipulation.

     

    See less
Sattriya Barnali Kalita
  • 0
Sattriya Barnali KalitaLearner
Asked: January 17, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing To effectively answer the question, follow this structured approach: 1. Introduction (50-60 words) Context: Provide a brief overview of the role of the Indian capitalist class in the national movement. Thesis: State that the Indian capitalist class adopted a mixed ...

upsc: beginning of mass nationalism (1919-1939)
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Strategy of the Indian Capitalist Class During the National Movement The Indian capitalist class played a significant role in the national movement, adopting a strategy that balanced constitutional participation with alternative forms of struggle. This dual approach helped them navigateRead more

    Model Answer

    Strategy of the Indian Capitalist Class During the National Movement

    The Indian capitalist class played a significant role in the national movement, adopting a strategy that balanced constitutional participation with alternative forms of struggle. This dual approach helped them navigate between aligning with the Indian National Congress (INC) and protecting their own economic interests.

    1. Support for Constitutional Methods

    a. Constitutional Participation:

    • The capitalists supported constitutional methods as a means to express their opposition to policies that would harm India’s economy.
    • Fact: In 1934, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) rejected the Report of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Reforms for India as it did not meet the minimum national demands (Source: FICCI Records).
    • Fact: FICCI advised a boycott of the Round Table Conferences, except for the Second Round Table Conference, due to the absence of INC leadership and Mahatma Gandhi (Source: FICCI Archives).

    b. Alignment with Congress’s National Goals:

    • The capitalist class saw participation in constitutional assemblies as a way to stay aligned with the progressive goals of the INC, particularly the attainment of Swaraj.
    • Fact: They refrained from supporting bills like the Public Safety Bill that repressed socialist and communist elements within the movement, as it was seen as harmful to India’s national interests (Source: Legislative Records).

    2. Support for Alternative Forms of Struggle

    a. Non-Violent Mass Struggles:

    • While the capitalists preferred constitutional methods, they did not rule out using non-violent mass struggles as a tool for achieving their goals.
    • Fact: G.D. Birla warned British leaders like Lord Halifax and Lord Lothian with the threat of mass civil disobedience in 1937 if constitutional advances were not fulfilled (Source: Birla’s Correspondence).

    b. Mediation and Pressure on the British Government:

    • Capitalist leaders acted as intermediaries between the INC and the British government, particularly during critical phases like the withdrawal of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
    • Fact: They pressured the British government to cease repression, release political prisoners, and lift the ban on Congress (Source: Personal Letters of G.D. Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas).

    3. Long-Term Vision and Nationalist Support

    • The capitalists recognized the importance of supporting Indian nationalism, even when faced with pressures from imperialism.
    • Fact: Leaders like G.D. Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas critiqued imperialism’s economic exploitation, including excessive taxation and currency manipulation, strengthening the nationalist cause (Source: Economic Critiques by Indian Capitalists).

    Conclusion

    The Indian capitalist class adopted a balanced strategy during the national movement, supporting constitutional reforms while also using mass struggles to apply pressure on the British. Their ability to mediate between Congress and the British, combined with their long-term vision, played a crucial role in the Indian freedom struggle.

    See less
Load More Questions

Resources & Suggestions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Articles

On: February 22, 2025 Comments: 0

Indo-US Relation: Areas of Cooperation & Conflicts

Key Areas: Defense, technology, trade, energy, and regional cooperation. Key Areas of Cooperation 1. Defense and Security Transition from buyer-seller to co-production and technology sharing. India as a Major Defense Partner (MDP) and inclusion in STA-1. Access to advanced technologies, ...

On: February 22, 2025 Comments: 0

भारत-अमेरिका संबंध: सहयोग और संघर्ष के क्षेत्र

मुख्य विषय: भारत-अमेरिका संबंधों की मजबूती, विशेषकर रक्षा, प्रौद्योगिकी और क्षेत्रीय सहयोग में प्रगति। सहयोग के प्रमुख क्षेत्र 1. रक्षा एवं सुरक्षा सहयोग भारत और अमेरिका के बीच रक्षा संबंधों का विस्तार। प्रमुख रक्षा साझेदार (MDP) का दर्जा और STA-1 ...

On: February 22, 2025 Comments: 0

India’s Disaster Management

The article discusses the growing tensions between the Centre and states regarding disaster relief funding in India. It emphasizes the need for a transparent and equitable disaster management framework. Key Disaster Threats India Faces Increasing Frequency of Extreme Weather Events ...

Explore Our Blog