Inherent Problems in Indo-Pak Relations 1. Historical Conflicts: The partition of 1947 left a legacy of mistrust and conflict. Issues such as the Kashmir dispute have been a persistent source of tension, with both nations laying claim to the region. The Simla Agreement (1972) and Ufa Summit (2015) hRead more
Inherent Problems in Indo-Pak Relations
1. Historical Conflicts: The partition of 1947 left a legacy of mistrust and conflict. Issues such as the Kashmir dispute have been a persistent source of tension, with both nations laying claim to the region. The Simla Agreement (1972) and Ufa Summit (2015) have made limited progress in resolving these issues.
2. Cross-Border Terrorism: Frequent incidents of cross-border terrorism and militant attacks, such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the 2016 Uri attack, exacerbate mistrust. India accuses Pakistan of harboring and supporting terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, while Pakistan denies these allegations and highlights issues like Indian support to Baloch separatists.
3. Political Instability: Domestic political instability and changing governments in both countries often lead to fluctuating diplomatic relations. For example, the election of Imran Khan in Pakistan and subsequent policy shifts have led to unpredictable interactions with India.
4. Strategic Rivalries: Both nations engage in arms races and military build-ups, driven by mutual suspicion and rivalry. Pakistan’s nuclear strategy and India’s defense posture contribute to a constant state of strategic tension.
5. Lack of Dialogue: Despite various dialogues and peace initiatives, such as the Agra Summit (2001) and Kartarpur Corridor (2019), substantive progress remains elusive. Periodic negotiations often collapse due to mutual distrust and preconditions.
Recent Developments: Efforts like the 2021 ceasefire agreement along the Line of Control (LoC) and attempts at dialogue, including high-level meetings, highlight ongoing efforts to improve relations, but they often face setbacks due to the aforementioned issues.
Conclusion: The Indo-Pak relationship is fraught with deep-seated issues rooted in historical conflicts, terrorism, political instability, and strategic rivalries. Despite efforts at reconciliation, these inherent problems continue to hinder lasting peace and cooperation.
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India is combating rising inflation through the channel of monetary, fiscal, and administrative measures: 1. Monetary Policy: To put it bluntly, interested institutions, like RBI, have the burden to use interest rates to influence demand pull inflation. In turn, the RBI increases the repo rates makiRead more
India is combating rising inflation through the channel of monetary, fiscal, and administrative measures:
1. Monetary Policy: To put it bluntly, interested institutions, like RBI, have the burden to use interest rates to influence demand pull inflation. In turn, the RBI increases the repo rates making borrowing expensive and thus pulling down money supply as a way of controlling demand pull inflation. It also employs implements such as open market operations to influence the level of liquidity within an economy.
2. Supply-Side Measures: The government intervening in the availability of the organisations’ products in an aim to fight the inflationary pressure that arises due to interruption of the supply chain,especially when it comes to foods. For instance, it liberates stocks that contain grains, controls exportation and even acts on cases of hoarding with an aim of standardizing the prices of basic products.
3. Import Duty Adjustments: The government can lower deposit on imported goods; such as edible oils, pulses or fuel so that the price of imported goods does not exert inflation pressure on the consumer.
4. Fiscal Policies: In order to mitigate the impact of inflation, government offers subsidies to the basic needs employing products like fertilizer for farmers / food for the public, and welfare schemes including but not limited to supply of free grains to the poor (like in PMGKAY).
5. Energy Price Control: Taxes can be varied or more fundamentally the government can control the price of the inflation index, which is fuel pricing.
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