Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction to Digital Indoctrination Contextual Background: Introduce the issue of religious indoctrination through digital media and its impact on Indian youth, leading to recruitment by ISIS. 2. Overview of ISIS Definition and Origin: Define ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq ...
Model Answer Introduction The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces in "disturbed areas," primarily in northeast states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland, and Jammu and Kashmir. While the Union Government has partially witRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces in “disturbed areas,” primarily in northeast states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland, and Jammu and Kashmir. While the Union Government has partially withdrawn AFSPA from some regions, it remains controversial due to allegations of human rights abuses.
Sections of AFSPA Criticized by Activists
- Section 3 (Declaration of ‘Disturbed Areas’):
This section allows the government to declare any area as “disturbed,” a term that lacks a clear definition, leading to arbitrary and potentially unjust applications. - Section 4 (Special Powers of the Armed Forces):
This provision enables security forces to conduct searches, arrest without warrants, and use lethal force. Critics argue this facilitates extrajudicial killings and undermines the rule of law.
View Held by the Apex Court
The Supreme Court recognizes AFSPA’s necessity in maintaining order but emphasizes the protection of citizens’ rights. In the landmark case Extra Judicial Execution Victim Families Association v. Union of India (2016), the Court mandated thorough investigations into instances of lethal force used by security forces in AFSPA-affected areas.
Example Case:
The Thangjam Manorama case in 2004, where Assam Rifles personnel allegedly tortured, sexually assaulted, and killed a young woman, sparked widespread protests in Manipur, highlighting the potential for abuse under AFSPA.
Conclusion
The ongoing debate surrounding AFSPA illustrates the tension between national security and human rights. While maintaining peace in disturbed areas is essential, safeguarding citizens’ rights is equally important. A re-evaluation of AFSPA, particularly its contentious provisions, is necessary to enhance transparency and accountability, aligning with the Supreme Court’s insistence on protecting individual rights.
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Model Answer Introduction The rise of digital media has provided extremist groups like ISIS with new platforms for indoctrinating and recruiting youth globally, including in India. This poses significant challenges to national security and internal stability. ISIS and Its Mission ISIS, also known asRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The rise of digital media has provided extremist groups like ISIS with new platforms for indoctrinating and recruiting youth globally, including in India. This poses significant challenges to national security and internal stability.
ISIS and Its Mission
ISIS, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or Daesh, is a radical Islamist group that gained notoriety in 2014 by capturing key cities in Iraq and declaring a caliphate. Its mission is to establish a strict, Sunni Islamic state that rejects all political, social, and religious constructs deemed un-Islamic. ISIS promotes an ultra-conservative ideology that fuels radicalization and violence against those who oppose its views.
Threat to Internal Security
The digital presence of ISIS enables it to recruit individuals from India, leading to the risk of homegrown terrorism. Reports indicate that Indian youth, such as Areeb Majeed from Maharashtra, were radicalized online and subsequently joined ISIS, highlighting the potential for domestic terrorist threats (source: National Investigation Agency reports).
ISIS’s extremist ideology can exacerbate existing sectarian tensions in a diverse country like India. Online propaganda promoting divisive narratives can incite social unrest and communal violence, undermining the country’s social fabric (source: sociopolitical analyses).
The appeal of ISIS to marginalized groups can deepen social divisions, threatening national unity. For example, ISIS has attempted to exploit communal grievances among specific Muslim communities in India, potentially inciting divisive sentiments.
Haja Fakkurudeen Usman Ali, a Singaporean citizen of Indian origin, moved to Syria to join ISIS in 2014, bringing his family with him. His case illustrates how ISIS uses digital media for recruitment, reaching individuals from diverse backgrounds (source: international news reports).
Conclusion
The threat from ISIS, amplified by digital media, necessitates a comprehensive strategy that combines intelligence efforts and law enforcement with initiatives to counter radical ideologies. Promoting social harmony and addressing grievances that lead to radicalization is essential to preserving India’s pluralistic society and national security.
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