Home/Internal Security/Cyber Security/Page 16
Cyber Security
Share
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.
What is SQL injection?
SQL injection is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate the queries that an application sends to its database. This typically happens when user input is not properly sanitized and is included directly in SQL queries, allowing attackers to execute arbitrarRead more
SQL injection is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate the queries that an application sends to its database. This typically happens when user input is not properly sanitized and is included directly in SQL queries, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL code.
The attack follows these steps:
Successful SQLi attacks can have severe repercussions:
Preventing SQL attcks
- Input Validation
- Parameterized Queries
- Stored Procedures
See lessWhat is the difference between vulnerability assessment and penetration testing?
**Vulnerability Assessment vs. Penetration Testing:** 1. Purpose: Vulnerability Assessment : It aims to identify and quantify vulnerabilities in a system, network, or application. The focus is on discovering weaknesses that could potentially be exploited. Penetration Testing : It goes a step furtherRead more
**Vulnerability Assessment vs. Penetration Testing:**
1. Purpose:
Vulnerability Assessment : It aims to identify and quantify vulnerabilities in a system, network, or application. The focus is on discovering weaknesses that could potentially be exploited.
Penetration Testing : It goes a step further by actively exploiting vulnerabilities to assess the security posture comprehensively. The goal is to simulate real-world attacks to determine the effectiveness of defenses.
2. Methodology:
Vulnerability Assessment : Typically involves automated tools and scanners to identify known vulnerabilities, configuration issues, and weaknesses in systems.
Penetration Testing : Involves manual testing by ethical hackers who attempt to exploit vulnerabilities identified in the assessment phase. It includes both automated tools and manual techniques to simulate attacks.
3. Scope:
Vulnerability Assessment : Broadly identifies vulnerabilities across the entire system or network, often focusing on common weaknesses and misconfigurations.
Penetration Testing : Usually focuses on specific targets or critical systems identified as high-risk during the assessment. It aims to validate the severity of vulnerabilities and assess the impact of potential exploitation.
4. Timing and Frequency:
Vulnerability Assessment : Typically conducted regularly (e.g., weekly or monthly) to continuously monitor and manage vulnerabilities as systems evolve.
Penetration Testing : Conducted periodically (e.g., annually or bi-annually) or before significant changes to systems to validate security measures and identify new vulnerabilities.
5. Outcome:
Vulnerability Assessment : Provides a list of vulnerabilities, their severity, and recommendations for mitigation or remediation.
Penetration Testing : Offers insights into how vulnerabilities can be exploited, potential impact on operations, and specific steps to improve defenses and reduce risks.
In essence, vulnerability assessment focuses on identifying weaknesses, while penetration testing goes beyond by attempting to exploit these vulnerabilities to gauge their potential impact and improve overall security readiness. Both are essential components of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy.
See lessWhat is XSS attack? How to prevent it?
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack is a type of security vulnerability typically found in web applications where malicious scripts are injected into otherwise benign and trusted websites. These scripts are then executed in the browsers of users who visit the compromised sites. XSS attacks can be usedRead more
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack is a type of security vulnerability typically found in web applications where malicious scripts are injected into otherwise benign and trusted websites. These scripts are then executed in the browsers of users who visit the compromised sites. XSS attacks can be used by attackers to steal sensitive information, hijack user sessions, deface websites, or spread malware.
There are three main types of XSS attacks:
Reflected XSS, Stored XSS and DOM-Based XSS
To prevent XSS attacks:
1. Input Validation : Validate and sanitize all user inputs to block malicious scripts.
2. Output Encoding : Encode output to HTML entities to prevent scripts from being interpreted as code by browsers.
3. Content Security Policy (CSP) : Implement CSP to restrict content sources and reduce script execution risks.
4. HTTP Headers : Use security headers (`X-XSS-Protection`, `HttpOnly’ flag on cookies) to prevent script injection and session hijacking.
5. Avoid `eval()’ : Refrain from using `eval()` and similar functions that execute arbitrary strings as code.
6. Regular Audits : Conduct frequent security audits to identify and fix XSS vulnerabilities promptly.
See lessWhat is SQL injection?
SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where an attacker manipulates a website's database by inserting malicious SQL code into input fields, such as search boxes or login forms. This happens when the website does not properly validate or sanitize user inputs, allowing the attacker’s code to be execRead more
SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where an attacker manipulates a website’s database by inserting malicious SQL code into input fields, such as search boxes or login forms. This happens when the website does not properly validate or sanitize user inputs, allowing the attacker’s code to be executed by the database.
For example, if a login form expects a username and password, an attacker might enter specially crafted input that tricks the database into granting unauthorized access or revealing sensitive information.
a simple scenario: instead of entering a normal username like “user1”, an attacker might enter “user1′ OR ‘1’=’1”. If the website doesn’t handle this input correctly, the database might interpret the input as a command to always grant access, because ‘1’=’1′ is always true.
SQL injection can lead to severe consequences, such as unauthorized access to user data, database manipulation, and even complete control over the affected system.
See lessWhat are the common Cyberattacks ?
There are several Common Cyber Attacks. They are: 1. Phishing: Trickery to gain sensitive information such as passwords or credit card numbers by pretending to be a legitimate entity. 2. Malware: Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. 3. DoRead more
There are several Common Cyber Attacks. They are:
1. Phishing: Trickery to gain sensitive information such as passwords or credit card numbers by pretending to be a legitimate entity.
See less2. Malware: Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.
3. DoS: Overloading a system with excessive traffic rendering it incapable of serving legitimate users.
4. MitM: Intercepting and manipulating communication between entities allows attackers to eavesdrop on the data.
5. SQL Injection: Exploiting web app vulnerabilities to execute harmful SQL statements, leading to unauthorized database access.
6. XSS: Injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, used to steal session cookies or sensitive information.
7. Zero-Day Exploit: Exploiting unknown software vulnerabilities leaving no chance for the developers to patch.
8. Password Attacks: Guessing or obtaining passwords through various tactics, including brute force, and social engineering.
9. Drive-by Downloads: Malicious software downloads without user consent, by visiting a compromised website.
10. DNS Spoofing: Redirecting DNS queries to malicious sites often to snatch sensitive data.
11. Social Engineering: Psychological manipulation of individuals to obtain confidential information.
12. Botnets: Networks of compromised computers controlled remotely to perform distributed attacks, send spam, or commit fraud.
What are Dictionary and Brute Force Attacks?
Brute Force Attack: A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method that cyber attackers use to decrypt a user's sensitive data. Using this technique, the attacker attempts to guess the user's password by trying every possible combination of characters like numbers and words. Naturally, this procesRead more
Brute Force Attack:
A brute force attack is a trial-and-error method that cyber attackers use to decrypt a user’s sensitive data. Using this technique, the attacker attempts to guess the user’s password by trying every possible combination of characters like numbers and words. Naturally, this process starts with simple characters and slowly moves into a complex combination. Moreover, these attacks are slow and not so efficient due to those heap of possibilities.
Countermeasures: One of the best measures is to enforce a strong password, i.e., using a mix of numbers, letters, and special characters. Also, people need to change their passwords regularly.
Dictionary Attack:
A dictionary attack is more advanced. During this—rather than trying all combinations—the attacker will use a ready-built list of commonly used words and numbers to guess the user password. These attacks typically target the easy-to-be-cracked passwords. So, passwords based on personal information such as birthdates and names are vulnerable and are easily compromised.
Countermeasures: To mitigate dictionary attacks, we should spread awareness about the importance of maintaining a password that is not easily guessable.
See lessWhat were the main reasons behind the rise and fall of the Roman Empire?
The rise and fall of the Roman Empire can be attributed to several key factors. Initially, its rise was propelled by a combination of effective governance, military prowess, engineering innovations (such as roads and aqueducts), and a strategic expansionist policy that allowed it to accumulate vastRead more
The rise and fall of the Roman Empire can be attributed to several key factors. Initially, its rise was propelled by a combination of effective governance, military prowess, engineering innovations (such as roads and aqueducts), and a strategic expansionist policy that allowed it to accumulate vast territories and resources. The Roman military, organized and disciplined, ensured territorial stability and facilitated economic growth through trade and agriculture across its vast domain. However, internal factors such as political corruption, economic instability due to over-reliance on slave labor and the depletion of resources, and societal decay including declining moral values contributed to its eventual decline. External pressures such as invasions by barbarian tribes, particularly in the 5th century AD, further weakened the empire’s defenses and contributed to its fragmentation. Additionally, administrative inefficiency and the division of the empire into Western and Eastern halves weakened its ability to respond cohesively to external threats. Ultimately, the combination of internal weaknesses and external pressures led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, although the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire continued for nearly a millennium thereafter
See lessWhat is Token kidnapping? What are the several methods that attackers can use to carry out Token Kidnapping?
Token kidnapping is a security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker hijacks an authentication token issued to a legitimate user. These tokens, which often come in the form of session cookies, JSON Web Tokens (JWT), or OAuth tokens, are used to verify a user's identity and grant access to speciRead more
Token kidnapping is a security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker hijacks an authentication token issued to a legitimate user. These tokens, which often come in the form of session cookies, JSON Web Tokens (JWT), or OAuth tokens, are used to verify a user’s identity and grant access to specific resources or services without repeatedly asking for login credentials.
Methods of Token Kidnapping:
Mitigation Techniques:
By understanding and mitigating these attack vectors, organizations can better protect their systems and users from token kidnapping exploits.
See lessWhat is RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) in cyber security?
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology used for automatic identification and data capture, utilizing electromagnetic fields to transfer data between an RFID tag and a reader. In cyber security, RFID plays a crucial role in enhancing security protocols and protecting sensitive informatRead more
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology used for automatic identification and data capture, utilizing electromagnetic fields to transfer data between an RFID tag and a reader. In cyber security, RFID plays a crucial role in enhancing security protocols and protecting sensitive information.
RFID tags contain electronically stored information that can be read by an RFID reader without direct contact or line-of-sight, making it highly effective for various security applications. In cyber security, RFID technology is used in several ways:
Despite its advantages, RFID technology also poses security challenges such as potential eavesdropping, cloning, and unauthorized scanning. To mitigate these risks, robust encryption protocols, secure authentication methods, and regular security audits are essential.
Overall, RFID in cyber security offers a blend of convenience and enhanced protection, making it a valuable tool for safeguarding assets, controlling access, and ensuring data integrity
See lessWhat are the key skills needed for success in the field of data science
Success in data science requires a blend of technical, analytical, and interpersonal skills. Here are the key skills needed: Statistical Analysis and Mathematics: A strong foundation in statistics and mathematics is essential for understanding data patterns and building models. Knowledge of probabilRead more
Success in data science requires a blend of technical, analytical, and interpersonal skills. Here are the key skills needed:
Mastering these skills enables data scientists to effectively analyze data, build models, and derive actionable insights that drive decision-making
See less