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Indian Polity

The Indian polity is a federal, parliamentary democracy. The legislative branch, the Parliament, consists of the Lok Sabha (lower house) and the Rajya Sabha (upper house), with the Lok Sabha being the more powerful.

India’s federal structure grants significant autonomy to its 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own elected government and legislative assembly.
ocal governance is further decentralized through the Panchayati Raj system, empowering communities at the district, block, and village levels.

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Home/Indian Polity/Page 40

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Megha Langar
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Megha LangarBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , ,
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What are the major Indian constitutional amendments that made a remarkable impact on women empowerment?

indian constitutionwomen empowerment
  1. Nisha Devgan
    Nisha Devgan Begginer

    The Indian written constitution acts as an armour in ensuring rights for females inside the country. Several changes made to the Indian constitution also played a vital role in empowering women. Here are some significant amendments:   73rd Amendment Act (1992): reserved one-third of seats for wRead more

    The Indian written constitution acts as an armour in ensuring rights for females inside the country. Several changes made to the Indian constitution also played a vital role in empowering women. Here are some significant amendments:

     

    • 73rd Amendment Act (1992): reserved one-third of seats for women in rural local bodies, empowering women at the grass-roots level.
    • 74th Amendment Act (1992): Reserved one-third seats for women in urban local bodies, thus ensuring their involvement.
    • 86th Amendment Act (2002): Made education a fundamental right and thus indirectly empowered women through girls’ education.
    • 102nd Amendment Act (2018): Provided constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) on issues concerning social and educational backwardness, among other issues faced by backward classes, including women.
    • 103rd Amendment Act (2019): Offers 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in higher educational institutions and government jobs, thereby benefiting many poor girls from needy homes.
    • 128th Amendment Bill 2023: Reserves one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi for women.

    Thus, collectively, these amendments are motivated by women’s empowerment and rights.

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Neerja
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NeerjaBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In:
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Give your understanding of the recent judgement given by the Supreme Court ob Section 125 Crpc.

  1. Y Om Keerthi
    Y Om Keerthi Begginer

    The recent Supreme Court judgement on Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) reinforces the fundamental principle of ensuring financial support to dependents. Section 125 CrPC mandates that a person with sufficient means must provide maintenance to their wife, children, and parents if theRead more

    The recent Supreme Court judgement on Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) reinforces the fundamental principle of ensuring financial support to dependents. Section 125 CrPC mandates that a person with sufficient means must provide maintenance to their wife, children, and parents if they are unable to maintain themselves.

    In its ruling, the Supreme Court underscored the objective of Section 125 as a measure to prevent destitution and vagrancy. The court emphasized that the provision is a welfare measure, aimed at securing the rights of dependents and ensuring they have the means to live a life with dignity. The judgement reiterated that maintenance should be granted promptly and efficiently, without prolonged litigation delays.

    Additionally, the court clarified that the term “wife” includes a divorced woman who has not remarried, highlighting the intent to protect all women, irrespective of their marital status at the time of seeking maintenance. The court also stressed the need for a pragmatic approach in determining the amount of maintenance, considering the rising cost of living and inflation.

    Overall, the judgement strengthens the enforcement of Section 125 CrPC, ensuring that dependents receive timely financial support, aligning with the broader objective of social justice and welfare.

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Neerja
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NeerjaBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In:
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Give a comparative analysis of the new criminal laws with that of the old laws. 

question
  1. Y Om Keerthi
    Y Om Keerthi Begginer

    The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), introduced as a replacement for the Indian Penal Code (IPC), embodies significant changes reflecting modern sensibilities and legal requirements. 1. **Language and Terminology**: The BNSS simplifies legal language, making it more accessible. It replacesRead more

    The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), introduced as a replacement for the Indian Penal Code (IPC), embodies significant changes reflecting modern sensibilities and legal requirements.

    1. **Language and Terminology**: The BNSS simplifies legal language, making it more accessible. It replaces archaic terms with contemporary equivalents to enhance understanding.

    2. **Focus on Technology**: The BNSS incorporates provisions to address cybercrimes and digital evidence, reflecting the digital age’s complexities absent in the IPC.

    3. **Gender Sensitivity**: There is a heightened focus on gender-neutral language and protection against gender-based violence. Provisions against sexual harassment and domestic violence are more robust compared to the IPC.

    4. **Community Policing and Rehabilitation**: The BNSS emphasizes community policing and the rehabilitation of offenders. This shift from punitive measures aims to reintegrate offenders into society positively.

    5. **Simplified Procedural Aspects**: The BNSS streamlines procedural complexities, aiming for swifter justice. It reduces the bureaucratic red tape present in the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).

    6. **Victim-Centric Approach**: Enhanced focus on victim rights and compensation reflects a shift from the IPC’s offender-centric approach.

    In essence, the BNSS modernizes India’s criminal justice system, aligning it with contemporary values, technological advancements, and an emphasis on rehabilitation and victim rights.

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devyani gusain
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devyani gusainBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , , ,
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Electoral bond is a form of donation to a political party by Indian citizens or companies in India. They take the form of promissory notes and are I ssued only by the State Bank of India. Brought in as a ...

question
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    The Electoral Bond scheme and its impact on the existing transparency within Indian politics based on the information present here and your additional comments. Electoral Bonds: A Contested Reform Electoral Bond Scheme was brought in the light of reducing black money in the funding of political partRead more

    The Electoral Bond scheme and its impact on the existing transparency within Indian politics based on the information present here and your additional comments.

    Electoral Bonds: A Contested Reform

    Electoral Bond Scheme was brought in the light of reducing black money in the funding of political parties. Despite the above benefits it still raises controversy in relation to the effect in the area of transparency and accountability.

    Advantages:

    -Replacement of Cash Contribution: In theory, this is done by replacing cash contributions with instrument based dues, which can be presumed that other unidentified cash inflows into political funding.
    -Anonymity of the Donor: The program allegedly safeguard the donors from possible harassment as well as intimidation.
    -Immunity of Taxes: Donations relating to electoral bonds are exempt from taxes and this may extend more individuals and firms in giving.

    -Opacity in Funding Sources: It remains quite questionable simply because the source of funds for electoral bonds has not been disclosed at all. It can accept without revealing the identities of the donors or their sources may be local or even foreign.
    -Influence of Corporate Interests: The scheme can permit huge amount of corporate donations and has been criticized as allowing large corporate interests to buy influence over the parties.
    -Asymmetric Information: This is so because the ruling party has information over the opposition parties in regards to the buying of bonds.
    -Potential for Misuse: The major problem that may arise from the current situation is the misusing and corruption which is caused by the absence of transparency and no upper limit of donation amount.

    To increase the transparency and accountability in political funding, the following measures can be considered:

    -Company-level Donation Cap: Place a check on the amount that a corporation can contribute through electoral bonds.
    -Disclosure Threshold: Call for disclosure of all monand donations that exceed a specified limit with a view of achieving this goal.
    -Independent Review Mechanism: An autonomous entity that is involved in the matters of transactions that involve electoral bonds or any other dispute regarding the same.
    Public Awareness Campaigns: Voter awareness of the undisclosed sources of funds and the necessity of effectiveness of political financing.

     

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devyani gusain
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devyani gusainBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , , , ,
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Cooperative Federalism entails dispute redressal. Discuss the role of Interstate Council in resolution of states related disputes and the challenges associated. (Address how ISC facilitates dispute resolution under first heading, challenges in second heading)

question
  1. Shivanjali S
    Shivanjali S Begginer

    Role of Interstate Council in Dispute Resolution The Interstate Council plays a crucial role in fostering cooperative federalism by facilitating the resolution of disputes between states. It serves as a platform for dialogue and collaboration, allowing states to discuss and negotiate their differencRead more

    Role of Interstate Council in Dispute Resolution

    The Interstate Council plays a crucial role in fostering cooperative federalism by facilitating the resolution of disputes between states. It serves as a platform for dialogue and collaboration, allowing states to discuss and negotiate their differences amicably. The ISC conducts meetings where representatives from various states come together to address common concerns and conflicts. By providing a structured forum, the ISC encourages states to seek mutual agreements and solutions, reducing the need for prolonged legal battles. The ISC also assists in harmonizing policies across states, promoting uniformity and cooperation.

    Challenges in Dispute Resolution

    Despite its pivotal role, the ISC faces several challenges in effectively resolving state-related disputes. One challenge is the lack of mandatory enforcement power; the ISC can only recommend solutions, which states may choose to ignore. Political differences and regional interests hinder consensus-building, making it difficult to achieve lasting resolutions. The ISC’s infrequent meetings and limited resources impedes its ability to address disputes promptly and comprehensively. Ensuring equal representation and addressing power imbalances between states further complicates the ISC’s efforts to mediate conflicts effectively. Strengthening the ISC’s authority and enhancing its operational capabilities are essential to overcoming these challenges.

     

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