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Functions & Responsibilities of the Union & the States

India’s federal structure grants significant powers and responsibilities to both the Union (central) government and the state governments. The Union government handles matters of national importance, such as defense, foreign affairs, and macroeconomic policies.

There is also a Concurrent List, where both the Union and states can legislate. This division of powers ensures effective governance, with the states catering to local needs while the Union coordinates nationwide policies.

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Home/Indian Polity/Functions & Responsibilities of the Union & the States

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Vamika Kohli
  • 1
Vamika KohliBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • 1

Should developing countries such as India prioritize economic growth over stringent environmental regulations, given their need to improve living standards and reduce poverty? Why or why not?

climate changedeveloping nationseconomic developmentgreen economypolicy dilemmaspovertyquestionresource managementsustainabilitysustainable growthurbanisation
  1. Shehla Iram
    Shehla Iram Begginer

    The debate between economic growth and environmental protection in developing countries is  complex and essential . On one hand, economic growth is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and providing better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Many developing nations relyRead more

    The debate between economic growth and environmental protection in developing countries is  complex and essential . On one hand, economic growth is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and providing better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Many developing nations rely on industrialization, urbanization, and exploitation of natural resources to fuel this growth.  This often comes at the cost of environmental degradation, including deforestation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. On the other hand, environmental protection is crucial for ensuring long-term sustainability and the health of populations. Developing countries face the challenge of balancing these competing priorities. A focus only on economic growth can lead to severe environmental damage, which in turn can undermine future economic prospects by depleting natural resources and causing health problems. Likewise , stringent environmental regulations can hinder economic development by increasing costs and limiting industrial activities. So, the solution lies in adopting a sustainable development model that integrates economic growth with environmental stewardship. This includes investing in green technologies, enforcing environmental regulations, and promoting practices that minimize ecological footprints. International support, through financial aid and technology transfer, is also important to help developing countries achieve this balance.

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Meghalina Chakraborty
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Meghalina ChakrabortyLearner
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Analyze the challenges India faces in balancing its desire for strategic autonomy with the need for global cooperation on issues like climate change, trade, and terrorism.

developmentforeign policyglobal leaderindiainternational relations
  1. utteja shree
    utteja shree Begginer

    As India's role in the global order grows, it faces several challenges and opportunities in balancing its strategic autonomy with global cooperation. Challenges: 1. Climate Change: India needs to balance economic growth with reducing carbon emissions. This is hard because India relies on coal for enRead more

    As India’s role in the global order grows, it faces several challenges and opportunities in balancing its strategic autonomy with global cooperation.

    Challenges:

    1. Climate Change: India needs to balance economic growth with reducing carbon emissions. This is hard because India relies on coal for energy, which conflicts with global climate goals.

    2. Trade Policies: Protecting local industries while participating in global trade is tricky. India’s trade policies sometimes clash with international free trade standards.

    3. Terrorism: India must work with other countries to combat terrorism. Sharing intelligence and resources is essential, but India also needs to maintain its security independence.

     Opportunities:

    1. Global Leadership: India can lead on issues like climate change and sustainable development, influencing global policies while protecting its interests.

    2. Economic Growth: Engaging in global trade and investment can boost India’s economy, creating jobs and driving innovation.

    3. Diplomatic Influence: By strengthening ties with various countries, India can enhance its diplomatic influence and navigate complex international relations.

    In summary, India must balance its desire for strategic autonomy with the need for global cooperation by leveraging its growing influence, participating actively in international forums, and implementing smart domestic policies.

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Ayushi Shrivastwa
  • 0
Ayushi ShrivastwaBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • 0

What are the predicted long-term consequences of climate change if no action is taken?

question
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Climate change refers to the long term changes in the Earth's climate especially a change in the average weather conditions or in the distribution of weather patterns over a significant period of time (decades to millions of years) which can be caused by various factors including variations in solarRead more

    Climate change refers to the long term changes in the Earth’s climate especially a change in the average weather conditions or in the distribution of weather patterns over a significant period of time (decades to millions of years) which can be caused by various factors including variations in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor.

    Long term consequences of Climate change –

    1. Rising sea levels due to climate change will cause catastrophic coastal flooding, erosion, saltwater intrusion, displacement of millions, loss of infrastructure and destruction of ecosystems, habitats and livelihoods worldwide.
    2. Climate driven extreme weather events will intensify by causing devastating heat waves, droughts, floods and storms, leading to loss of life, displacement, food insecurity, economic disruption and infrastructure destruction globally.
    3. Coral bleaching due to climate change causes devastating consequences by habitat loss for marine life, fishery decline, reduced shoreline protection, decreased tourism,l and economic losses, threatening reef ecosystems’ very existence.
    4. Fuels human migration and conflict by displacing millions, straining resources and sparking social unrest, as drought, sea level rise, and scarcity of food and water escalate tensions.
    5. Imperils food and water security by causing crop failures, reduced yields, changed growing seasons, water scarcity and increased food prices, threatening global stability and human well being.

     

    Climate change demands urgent collective action as its devastating impacts on ecosystems, economies and human well being intensify, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices, renewable energy and global cooperation.

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Aisha Kapoor
  • 0
Aisha Kapoor
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
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Examine the laws pertaining to the Union government’s administrative oversight and control over the States, including the nomination and removal of governors and the use of Central Armed Police Forces.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
  1. Rachna Chopra
    Rachna Chopra Begginer

    The provisions for the administrative control and supervision of the States by the Union government in India's federal framework include the appointment and removal of Governors and the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces. Let's examine these mechanisms in detail: Appointment and Removal of GoRead more

    The provisions for the administrative control and supervision of the States by the Union government in India’s federal framework include the appointment and removal of Governors and the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces. Let’s examine these mechanisms in detail:

    Appointment and Removal of Governors:
    The Constitution of India grants the Union government significant powers in appointing and removing the Governors of the States. Article 155 states that the President of India shall appoint the Governor of a State. This appointment is made on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister.

    Governors play an important role in bridging the Union and the States, as they act as the constitutional heads of the State governments. The Union government can exercise control over the States through the Governors, who are essentially representatives of the Centre at the State level.

    Furthermore, Article 156 of the Constitution grants the President the power to remove the Governor from office. This power is, again, exercised on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. The ability to appoint and remove Governors gives the Union government a significant degree of administrative control over the States.

    Deployment of Central Armed Police Forces:
    The Union government also exercises control over the States through the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), such as the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Border Security Force (BSF), and the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).

    These CAPFs are under the direct administrative control of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. They can be deployed in the States, either upon the request of the State government or suo moto by the Union government, to maintain law and order, assist in disaster response, or provide security for critical infrastructure.

    The deployment of CAPFs allows the Union government to intervene in the internal affairs of the States, if deemed necessary, and exercise a degree of control over the administrative machinery of the States. This is seen as an important tool for the Union government to ensure national unity and security.

    It is important to note that the exercise of these powers by the Union government has often been a subject of debate, with concerns raised about the potential for misuse and encroachment on the autonomy of the States. The balance between the Union’s need for administrative control and the States’ demands for greater federalism remains an ongoing challenge in India’s federal system.

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Gaurav Reddy
  • 0
Gaurav ReddyBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine how the Union government protects historical sites, fosters the arts and literature, and controls the media and information to preserve and promote India’s rich cultural legacy.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
  1. Jugunu Kamran
    Jugunu Kamran Begginer

    The Union government of India plays a significant role in preserving and promoting the country's rich cultural heritage. Here's an analysis of its efforts in this regard: Protection of Historical Monuments: Archeological Survey of India (ASI): The ASI is a premier organization responsible for the coRead more

    The Union government of India plays a significant role in preserving and promoting the country’s rich cultural heritage. Here’s an analysis of its efforts in this regard:

    Protection of Historical Monuments:

    Archeological Survey of India (ASI): The ASI is a premier organization responsible for the conservation, preservation, and maintenance of historical monuments and archaeological sites across India. It is responsible for protecting over 3,600 monuments, including the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, and Ajanta Ellora Caves.
    Monumental Protection Act: The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, provides legal framework for the protection and preservation of historical monuments.
    National Monuments Authority: Established in 1990, the National Monuments Authority (NMA) advises the government on matters related to the conservation and protection of monuments.
    Support for Arts and Literature:

    Cultural institutions: The Union government supports various cultural institutions, such as the National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum, and Sangeet Natak Akademi, which promote Indian art, literature, music, and dance.
    Scholarships and Fellowships: The government offers scholarships and fellowships to encourage young artists, writers, and researchers to pursue their creative pursuits.
    Festivals and Celebrations: The government organizes various festivals and celebrations, such as the Republic Day Parade, Independence Day Celebrations, and the International Film Festival of India (IFFI), to promote Indian culture.
    Regulation of Media and Information:

    Press Council of India: The Press Council of India (PCI) is an autonomous body that regulates the print media in India, ensuring press freedom while promoting responsible journalism.
    Central Board of Film Certification: The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) regulates the film industry by certifying films based on their content and suitability for public consumption.
    Information Technology Act: The Information Technology Act (2000) regulates online content, including social media platforms, to prevent misuse and promote responsible online behavior.
    Challenges and Limitations:

    Lack of Resources: Despite efforts to preserve cultural heritage, lack of resources, including funding and infrastructure, remains a significant challenge.
    Lack of Public Awareness: Many historical monuments and cultural institutions face neglect due to a lack of public awareness about their significance.
    Censorship Concerns: The regulation of media and information can sometimes raise concerns about censorship, limiting artistic expression and freedom of speech.
    Conclusion:

    The Union government plays a crucial role in preserving and promoting India’s rich cultural heritage. While there are challenges and limitations, the government’s efforts have helped protect historical monuments, support the arts and literature, and regulate media and information. However, it is essential to address these challenges by increasing funding, enhancing public awareness, and ensuring a balance between regulation and freedom of expression.

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Abhishek Gupta
  • 0
Abhishek GuptaLearner
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Talk about how the Union government manages both conventional and renewable energy resources, as well as how the energy industry is developed and regulated.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
Rajnish Singh
  • 0
Rajnish SinghBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the roles that the Union government plays in managing elections, such as supervising the Election Commission and controlling political parties and election procedures.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
  1. Urvi Nair
    Urvi Nair Begginer

    The Union government in India has significant responsibilities in the realm of election management and oversight. Here's an overview of the key aspects: Oversight of the Election Commission: The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional body responsible for conducting free aRead more

    The Union government in India has significant responsibilities in the realm of election management and oversight. Here’s an overview of the key aspects:

    Oversight of the Election Commission:

    The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional body responsible for conducting free and fair elections in the country. The Union government is responsible for appointing the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. However, the ECI functions independently and is not subject to the direction of the government in the discharge of its constitutional duties.

    Regulation of Political Parties:

    The Union government, through the Representation of the People Act, 1951, regulates the registration and functioning of political parties in India. This includes setting requirements for a party to be recognized as a ‘national’ or ‘state’ party, laying down guidelines for party symbols, financial reporting, and electoral conduct.

    Regulation of Electoral Processes:

    The Union government is responsible for enacting laws and policies that govern the electoral process, such as:

    • Delimitation of constituencies
    • Voter registration and roll maintenance
    • Regulation of campaign finance and expenditure
    • Appointment of returning officers and other electoral staff
    • Enforcement of the Model Code of Conduct during Elections

    Additionally, the government provides logistical and security support to the ECI for the smooth conduct of elections across the country.

    The Union government also plays a role in ensuring the independence and integrity of the electoral process. This includes safeguarding the autonomy of the ECI, providing adequate resources and infrastructure, and addressing any issues or irregularities that may arise during elections.

    It’s worth noting that the specific roles and responsibilities of the Union government in election management are subject to ongoing debates and discussions, particularly around the need to further strengthen the autonomy and effectiveness of the ECI.

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Rajnish Singh
  • 0
Rajnish SinghBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Discuss the Union government’s responsibilities in the realm of national security, including the command of the armed forces, the management of internal security, and the coordination of disaster response and mitigation efforts.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
  1. Rachna Chopra
    Rachna Chopra Begginer

    In the realm of national security, the responsibilities of the Union government in India are multifaceted and encompass the command of the armed forces, the management of internal security, and the coordination of disaster response and mitigation efforts. Command of the Armed Forces: The Union goverRead more

    In the realm of national security, the responsibilities of the Union government in India are multifaceted and encompass the command of the armed forces, the management of internal security, and the coordination of disaster response and mitigation efforts.

    Command of the Armed Forces:

    The Union government, through the Ministry of Defence, exercises supreme command and control over the Indian Armed Forces, which consist of the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, and the Indian Air Force. This includes:

    • Formulating defense policies and strategies
    • Allocating budgetary resources for military modernization and operations
    • Appointing and managing the leadership of the armed forces
    • Overseeing the training, equipping, and deployment of military personnel
    • Ensuring the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country against external threats

    Management of Internal Security:

    The Union government, through the Ministry of Home Affairs, is responsible for maintaining internal security within the country. This involves:

    • Overseeing the functioning of central law enforcement agencies like the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Border Security Force (BSF)
    • Coordinating with state governments to address issues of public order, crime, and terrorism
    • Formulating policies and guidelines for the effective management of internal security challenges
    • Monitoring the intelligence gathering and sharing mechanisms to preempt and respond to threats

    Coordination of Disaster Response and Mitigation:

    Through the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), the Union government is responsible for the overall coordination of disaster response and mitigation efforts across the country. This includes:

    • Developing national-level disaster management policies and guidelines
      Mobilizing and deploying resources, including specialized teams and equipment, for disaster relief and rehabilitation
    • Facilitating the coordination between various central and state-level agencies involved in disaster management
    • Providing financial and technical assistance to state governments to strengthen their disaster preparedness and response capabilities
    • Promoting disaster risk reduction measures and ensuring the integration of disaster management into developmental planning

    By exercising its constitutional powers and responsibilities, the Union government plays a crucial role in safeguarding the national security interests of India, both from external and internal threats, as well as in effectively responding to and mitigating the impact of natural and man-made disasters.

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Rajnish Singh
  • 0
Rajnish SinghBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Evaluate the Union government’s role in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy, including the negotiation of international treaties and the representation of India in multilateral organizations.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
Rajnish Singh
  • 0
Rajnish SinghBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Evaluate the Union government’s role in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy, including the negotiation of international treaties and the representation of India in multilateral organizations.

upsc: functions & responsibilities of the union and the states
  1. Sakshi Rao
    Sakshi Rao Begginer

    The Union government, led by the Prime Minister and the Ministry of External Affairs, plays a central role in the formulation and implementation of India's foreign policy. This includes: Formulation of Foreign Policy: The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet Committee on Security, sets tRead more

    The Union government, led by the Prime Minister and the Ministry of External Affairs, plays a central role in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy. This includes:

    Formulation of Foreign Policy:

    • The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet Committee on Security, sets the broad strategic direction and priorities for India’s foreign relations.
    • The Ministry of External Affairs, headed by the Minister of External Affairs, is the nodal agency responsible for advising the government on foreign policy matters and coordinating the implementation of foreign policy.
    • The Foreign Secretary, as the top civil servant in the MEA, acts as the principal adviser to the government on foreign policy issues.
    • Various other ministries and government agencies, such as the Ministries of Defense, Commerce, Finance, etc. also provide inputs that shape India’s foreign policy based on their respective domains.

    Negotiation of International Treaties:

    • The Union government, through the MEA, is responsible for negotiating and signing bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements with other countries and international organizations.
    • The Prime Minister and the Minister of External Affairs lead high-level diplomatic negotiations for major treaties and agreements.
    • The legal and technical aspects of treaty negotiations are handled by the MEA’s treaty division in coordination with other relevant ministries.

    Representation in Multilateral Organizations:

    • India’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other multilateral bodies is appointed by the Union government and reports to the MEA.
    • India’s positions and interventions in multilateral forums like the UN, G20, WTO, etc. are formulated by the MEA in consultation with other ministries and agencies.
    • The Union government also nominates Indian nationals to leadership positions in various UN-specialized agencies and other international organizations.

    Overall, the Union government, through the Prime Minister’s Office and the Ministry of External Affairs, plays a central coordinating role in the formulation, implementation, and representation of India’s foreign policy interests globally. This allows for a coherent and consistent approach to India’s engagement with the world.

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