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Socio-economic Issues

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Home/Indian Economy/Socio-economic Issues/Page 3

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Rudra prasad bhuyan
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Rudra prasad bhuyanBegginer
Asked: July 31, 2024In: , , , , , , , , ,
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crisiseconomy.water
  1. Rohit RG
    Rohit RG Begginer

    Groundwater depletion is a significant factor exacerbating the water crisis in Delhi and Bangalore. Both cities rely heavily on groundwater to meet their growing water demands due to population growth, urbanization, and inadequate surface water resources. Over-extraction has led to rapidly decliningRead more

    Groundwater depletion is a significant factor exacerbating the water crisis in Delhi and Bangalore. Both cities rely heavily on groundwater to meet their growing water demands due to population growth, urbanization, and inadequate surface water resources. Over-extraction has led to rapidly declining water tables, making groundwater harder to access and diminishing its availability. In Delhi, groundwater levels have dropped by 1-2 meters annually in some areas, while Bangalore has seen borewells reaching depths of over 1,000 feet.

    This depletion has several consequences: reduced water availability for residents, increased costs for water extraction, land subsidence, and a greater vulnerability to droughts. It also threatens the quality of groundwater, as deeper aquifers may contain higher concentrations of contaminants.

    To manage groundwater resources more sustainably, several measures can be implemented:

    1. Rainwater Harvesting: Mandating rainwater harvesting in urban areas to replenish aquifers.
    2. Regulation: Enforcing stricter regulations on groundwater extraction, especially for commercial and industrial use.
    3. Public Awareness: Educating citizens about water conservation and the importance of sustainable water use.
    4. Wastewater Recycling: Promoting the use of treated wastewater for non-potable purposes, reducing dependence on groundwater.
    5. Integrated Water Management: Implementing integrated water resource management strategies that balance the use of surface and groundwater.
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Achieving social fairness requires a development strategy that includes financial inclusion. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]

uppsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Krishna Vasudev
    Krishna Vasudev Learner

    Comment: Financial inclusion is vital for achieving social justice by ensuring equitable access to financial services for all segments of society, including the marginalized and economically disadvantaged. It promotes social equity by providing individuals with access to savings accounts, credit, inRead more

    Comment:

    Financial inclusion is vital for achieving social justice by ensuring equitable access to financial services for all segments of society, including the marginalized and economically disadvantaged. It promotes social equity by providing individuals with access to savings accounts, credit, insurance, and investment opportunities, enabling them to participate in the economic mainstream.

    Benefits:

    1. Empowerment: Access to financial services empowers low-income households to save, invest, and manage risks, fostering economic stability and reducing poverty.
    2. Economic Growth: Financial inclusion drives entrepreneurship and job creation, contributing to broader economic development and reducing inequality.
    3. Social Stability: By integrating marginalized groups into the financial system, financial inclusion supports social cohesion and helps bridge the economic divide.

    In essence, financial inclusion facilitates social justice by providing financial opportunities and resources to underrepresented communities, promoting a more equitable and inclusive society.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define mob violence and its significance as a law and order problem in India. Introduce notable examples, such as the Dadri lynching (2015) and Alwar violence (2017), to illustrate the issue. 2. Causes of Mob Violence A. Communal Tensions Discuss ...

upsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Mob violence is increasingly becoming a serious law and order problem in India, characterized by uncontrolled public disorder and chaos. Notable incidents, such as the Dadri lynching in 2015 and the Alwar violence in 2017, highlight the severity of this issue. Causes of MobRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Mob violence is increasingly becoming a serious law and order problem in India, characterized by uncontrolled public disorder and chaos. Notable incidents, such as the Dadri lynching in 2015 and the Alwar violence in 2017, highlight the severity of this issue.

    Causes of Mob Violence

    1. Communal Tensions:
      Many incidents of mob violence stem from deep-rooted religious and caste conflicts, often exacerbated by divisive politics. For instance, the Alwar lynching in Rajasthan in 2017 was fueled by suspicions of cow smuggling, leading to a tragic mob attack on a dairy farmer motivated by religious sentiments .
    2. Social Media Misinformation:
      The rapid spread of rumors and fake news through social media platforms can incite violence. The 2018 WhatsApp lynchings serve as a stark example, where unfounded rumors about child kidnappings resulted in numerous deadly mob attacks across the country .
    3. Weak Law Enforcement:
      The inadequate response or reluctance of law enforcement agencies to act decisively often allows situations to escalate. The 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots in Uttar Pradesh exemplify this failure, where law enforcement’s inaction contributed to widespread violence .

    Consequences of Mob Violence

    1. Loss of Lives and Property:
      The most immediate consequence is the tragic loss of lives and extensive damage to property during such violent outbreaks.
    2. Social Disintegration:
      Mob violence can create lasting divisions within communities, fostering fear and mistrust among different groups, leading to social fragmentation.
    3. Law and Order Breakdown:
      Frequent mob violence undermines public faith in law enforcement and the judicial system, eroding the rule of law and creating a cycle of impunity.
    4. Economic Impact:
      The disruption caused by mob violence negatively affects local economies, leading to business closures, loss of livelihoods, and an environment that discourages investment.

    Conclusion

    Mob violence in India is a complex issue driven by social, technological, and institutional factors. Addressing it effectively requires improved law enforcement, judicial accountability, and social awareness campaigns to counter misinformation and promote communal harmony.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Purpose: Introduce the concept of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) and its intended role in improving subsidy delivery in India. Key Point: Highlight the potential changes in the subsidy scenario with the replacement of price subsidies by DBT. Relevant ...

upsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The introduction of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in India aims to streamline the flow of funds and information to beneficiaries, minimizing fraud in the subsidy delivery system. Replacing price subsidies with DBT could significantly transform the subsidy landscape in the cRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The introduction of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in India aims to streamline the flow of funds and information to beneficiaries, minimizing fraud in the subsidy delivery system. Replacing price subsidies with DBT could significantly transform the subsidy landscape in the country.

    Changes in the Subsidy Scenario

    1. Reduction in Leakage

    • Issue with Price Subsidies: Price subsidies often suffer from diversion to open markets due to price differentials and the involvement of middlemen.
    • Impact of DBT: With DBT, funds are transferred directly to beneficiaries’ accounts, eliminating intermediaries and ensuring that the intended recipients receive the full benefit. This could substantially reduce leakage.

    2. Better Targeting of Benefits

    • Inclusion and Exclusion Errors: Price subsidies have high rates of inclusion and exclusion errors. According to the Economic Survey 2015, the bottom 50% of the population consumes only 25% of LPG.
    • DBT Advantage: By utilizing biometric identification, DBT can better target beneficiaries, ensuring that subsidies reach those who genuinely need them.

    3. Reduction in Fiscal Deficit

    • Cost Savings: The Pahal scheme for LPG demonstrated that the government saved ₹14,000 crore by eliminating ghost beneficiaries.
    • Broader Implications: The funds saved through DBT could reduce the fiscal deficit and be redirected towards expanding rural infrastructure, which the Planning Commission reports can be 30% more effective in alleviating poverty compared to price subsidies.

    4. Empowering Beneficiaries

    • Freedom of Choice: DBT offers a more democratic approach to subsidies, allowing beneficiaries to use their funds as they see fit rather than being restricted to specific products dictated by the state.

    Conclusion

    The transition from price subsidies to Direct Benefit Transfer aims not to eliminate subsidies but to enhance their effectiveness by ensuring that funds reach the intended beneficiaries. DBT has the potential to significantly reduce subsidy amounts, minimize leakage, and empower individuals, making it a transformative tool for India’s subsidy reform.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Context of Rural Credit Introduce the significance of agriculture and primary sector lending in India and the government’s role in prioritizing this area. Mention the findings of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) study, highlighting the low percentage (3%) ...

upsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Government of India has prioritized agriculture and primary sector lending, increasing fund allocations over the years. However, a study by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reveals that only about 3% of the credit offtake reserved for the primary sector is utilized by smRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Government of India has prioritized agriculture and primary sector lending, increasing fund allocations over the years. However, a study by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reveals that only about 3% of the credit offtake reserved for the primary sector is utilized by small and medium farmers. Instead, large farmers and agriculture-based industries have become the primary beneficiaries of expanded credit. This highlights the need for alternative credit mechanisms, such as cooperative societies.

    Reasons Why Banks Struggle to Finance Agriculture

    1. Lack of Documentation
      • Many small and marginal farmers lack the necessary Know Your Customer (KYC) documentation required by banks, making it difficult for them to access loans. In contrast, cooperative societies maintain detailed records of their members, allowing them to forgo complex documentation requirements.
    2. Unpredictability of Agriculture
      • Agriculture is inherently unpredictable, with crop failures due to inadequate irrigation or erratic monsoons leading to significant distress in rural communities. While banks often resort to dispossession for loan recovery, cooperative societies typically seek alternative recovery methods that consider the farmers’ circumstances.
    3. Accessibility of Local Moneylenders
      • Local moneylenders are more accessible for small farmers, despite charging high-interest rates. The urgency of adopting Green Revolution techniques, which require substantial capital, forces farmers to rely on these lenders, often sacrificing their financial stability.
    4. Limited Financial Returns for Banks
      • Agricultural lending does not yield significant profits for banks, leading to inadequate services for rural clients. The risk of farm loan waivers further complicates recovery efforts, deterring banks from engaging with agricultural credit.

    Conclusion

    In rural areas, cooperative societies serve as an ideal credit organization, addressing the unique needs of local farmers. They have deep community roots, enabling better-targeted coverage and improved loan recovery. While formal banking is essential, banks must develop tailored products for rural credit, leveraging technology to enhance accessibility and reduce transaction costs. By doing so, they can effectively support the agricultural sector and empower local economies.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly define antibiotic resistance and its significance. State the thesis: Overuse and free availability of antibiotics contribute to drug resistance in India. 2. Body A. Contributors to Drug Resistance Overuse of Antibiotics: Explain how unnecessary use for viral infections leads to ...

upsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Overuse and free availability of antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription significantly contribute to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India. This issue, known as antibiotic resistance, poses a severe global health threat. Contributors to Drug Resistance OveruRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Overuse and free availability of antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription significantly contribute to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India. This issue, known as antibiotic resistance, poses a severe global health threat.

    Contributors to Drug Resistance

    Overuse of Antibiotics

    Unnecessary use of antibiotics, particularly for viral infections, accelerates resistance. For example, antibiotics are often misprescribed for common colds, which are viral in nature and not treatable with antibiotics (World Health Organization, 2021).

    Availability Without Prescription

    In many regions of India, antibiotics can be purchased easily without a prescription, fostering self-medication. This practice leads to misuse and incorrect dosing, further contributing to resistance (National Centre for Disease Control, 2020).

    Incomplete Courses

    Patients often fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics, allowing some bacteria to survive and develop resistance, complicating future treatments (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020).

    Mechanisms for Monitoring and Control

    Schedule H1

    India has classified certain antibiotics under Schedule H1, mandating pharmacists to keep records of sales and prescriptions. This regulation aims to control distribution but often lacks effective enforcement (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2019).

    National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR)

    The Indian government, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), has initiated the NAP-AMR to combat antimicrobial resistance. However, its efficacy is hampered by poor implementation and lack of public awareness (WHO, 2022).

    Issues Involved

    Lack of Awareness

    Public ignorance regarding proper antibiotic usage and the consequences of misuse is widespread. Many individuals are unaware of the dangers posed by self-medication.

    Inadequate Healthcare Infrastructure

    The shortage of healthcare professionals, especially in rural areas, forces individuals to self-medicate, exacerbating misuse (Indian Medical Association, 2021).

    Poor Regulation

    Despite existing regulations, many pharmacies continue to sell antibiotics without prescriptions, undermining efforts to manage antibiotic use effectively.

    Agricultural Use

    The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry and aquaculture further contributes to resistance, as these substances enter the human food chain (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2020).

    Conclusion

    The overuse and unrestricted availability of antibiotics without prescriptions are significant contributors to drug-resistant diseases in India. Although mechanisms for control exist, their effectiveness is undermined by various systemic issues. Addressing these challenges is essential to combat the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 27, 2024In:
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Talk about India’s poverty measurement system. Analyze the actions made to end India’s extreme poverty. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2019]

uppsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Sanaya Gowda
    Sanaya Gowda Begginer

    Measurement of Poverty in India and Steps to Overcome Rural Poverty **1. Measurement of Poverty: Poverty Line: Poverty in India is primarily measured by the poverty line, which is defined based on income and consumption. The Tendulkar Committee (2009) and Rangarajan Committee (2014) have provided upRead more

    Measurement of Poverty in India and Steps to Overcome Rural Poverty

    **1. Measurement of Poverty:

    • Poverty Line: Poverty in India is primarily measured by the poverty line, which is defined based on income and consumption. The Tendulkar Committee (2009) and Rangarajan Committee (2014) have provided updated poverty lines. These lines are used to assess whether individuals or households fall below a certain income threshold, indicating poverty.
    • NSSO Surveys: The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) conducts periodic surveys to collect data on household consumption and income, which helps in measuring poverty levels.

    **2. Steps to Overcome Rural Poverty:

    • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Provides guaranteed employment of 100 days per year to rural households, enhancing income security.
    • Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin): Aims to provide affordable housing to the rural poor, improving living conditions.
    • Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM): Focuses on enhancing self-employment and income through formation of self-help groups (SHGs).

    Conclusion: India measures poverty through income-based thresholds and national surveys. Efforts to alleviate rural poverty include employment guarantees, housing schemes, and self-employment programs.

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Himanshi Mehra
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Himanshi MehraBegginer
Asked: August 29, 2024In: ,
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karl marxquestionssociologytheory of alienation
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Marxism's alienation theory posits that capitalism disconnects individuals from their humanity, creative labor and fellow beings resulting in four types of alienation i.e. from labor, product, others and human potential, stifling self realization and freedom. Key aspects of Alienation - In Marx's alRead more

    Marxism’s alienation theory posits that capitalism disconnects individuals from their humanity, creative labor and fellow beings resulting in four types of alienation i.e. from labor, product, others and human potential, stifling self realization and freedom.

    Key aspects of Alienation –

    1. In Marx’s alienation theory, alienation of labor occurs when workers are disconnected from their creative potential becoming commodities exploited for profit, losing control and meaning.
    2. Marx’s alienation from product occurs when workers do not own or control the goods/services they produce, separating them from their creative output and intellectual property.
    3. Marx’s alienation from others arises when capitalist competition and wage labor replace cooperative relationships, isolating individuals and converting social interactions into market transactions and exploitation.
    4. Marx’s alienation from human potential occurs when capitalism stifles individuals creative freedom, autonomy and self realization reducing them to specialized, mechanized labor, hindering personal growth and fulfillment.

     

    Karl Marx’s alienation theory still holds truth today. Modern issues like gig work, social media and automation continue to disconnect people from their creativity, community and true potential, fueling feelings of isolation and disempowerment.

     

     

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Prashant Kumar
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Poll
Prashant KumarBegginer
Asked: September 2, 2024In: , , , ,
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Discuss Marx’s theory of dialectical materialism in the contrast of Indian society. (200 words)

questionsocial theoriessocietysociology
  1. Akriti Pandey
    Akriti Pandey Enthusiast

    dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For Marx and Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the senses, has objective reality independent of mind or spirit. They did not deny the reality of mRead more

    dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For Marx and Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the senses, has objective reality independent of mind or spirit. They did not deny the reality of mental or spiritual processes but affirmed that ideas could arise, therefore, only as products and reflections of material conditions. Marx and Engels understood materialism as the opposite of idealism, by which they meant any theory that treats matter as dependent on mind or spirit, or mind or spirit as capable of existing independently of matter. For them, the materialist and idealist views were irreconcilably opposed throughout the historical development of philosophy. They adopted a thoroughgoing materialist approach, holding that any attempt to combine or reconcile materialism with idealism must result in confusion and inconsistency.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 5, 2024In:
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Answer the question in maximum 15 to 20 words. This question carries 03 marks.[MPPSC 2022] Which portal offers residents and other stakeholders a single point of access to the data and services offered by the Indian government?

mppsc: socio-economic issues
  1. Aadhav Murthy
    Aadhav Murthy Learner

    Single Window Portal for Indian Government Services Introduction The Indian government has established various digital platforms to streamline access to information and services for citizens and other stakeholders. Among these, the Government of India’s Digital Portal, the commonly known as India.goRead more

    Single Window Portal for Indian Government Services

    Introduction The Indian government has established various digital platforms to streamline access to information and services for citizens and other stakeholders. Among these, the Government of India’s Digital Portal, the commonly known as India.gov.in, serves as the primary single-window portal.

    Features of India.gov.in

    1. Centralized Access: India.gov.in provides centralized access to a wide range of information and services offered by different government departments and ministries. It acts as a one-stop shop for accessing various governmental services, policies, and updates.
    2. Comprehensive Information: The portal hosts detailed information about government schemes, policies, and services, including those related to health, education, employment, and public welfare. It also provides updates on government initiatives and announcements.
    3. User-Friendly Interface: Designed to be user-friendly, India.gov.in allows citizens to easily navigate through different sections and find the information or services they need. The portal is designed to be accessible and helpful to users across various demographics.
    4. Interactive Services: It includes interactive services such as e-Governance tools, grievance redressal mechanisms, and online application forms for various services like passports, PAN cards, and more.

    Recent Examples and Developments

    1. Digital India Initiative: Under the Digital India program, the portal has seen numerous enhancements to improve accessibility and functionality. For example, integration with various digital services like Aadhaar and e-Governance applications has streamlined the process of accessing government services.
    2. COVID-19 Response: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the portal provided critical information and updates regarding health advisories, vaccination schedules, and emergency services. It also facilitated access to resources such as the Arogya Setu app, which was pivotal for contact tracing and health monitoring.
    3. Integration with MyGov Portal: India.gov.in is integrated with the MyGov portal, which allows citizens to engage in governance through discussions, feedback, and participation in public consultations. This integration enhances the transparency and inclusiveness of the government’s decision-making processes.
    4. Support for Startups and Entrepreneurs: Recent updates include dedicated sections for startups and entrepreneurs, providing information on government schemes, funding opportunities, and regulatory guidelines, thus supporting the ease of doing business in India.

    Conclusion India.gov.in stands out as a crucial single-window portal, offering comprehensive access to a myriad of government services and information. Its role in facilitating seamless interaction between the government and citizens is pivotal in promoting transparency, efficiency, and public engagement. The portal continues to evolve, incorporating new technologies and responding to contemporary challenges, thus reaffirming its significance in the digital governance landscape of India.

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