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Manufacturing Sector

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Home/Indian Economy/Manufacturing Sector

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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Anonymous
Asked: July 13, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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A positive mindset helps aspirants: Stay motivated and focused on their goals Approach challenges and obstacles with a problem-solving attitude To be an aspirants:- Maintain a healthy work-life balance and avoid burnout. Develop resilience and bounce back from failures or setbacks. Cultivate ...

  1. Akshita Singh
    Akshita Singh Begginer

    Uncertain about the Exam System and Curriculum: Get to know examination pattern and syllabus including preliminary, mains, and interview levels. Know in detail what each subject and stage entails. Develop a Study Schedule: Create a reasonable duration for all subjects which should involve time for rRead more

    Uncertain about the Exam System and Curriculum: Get to know examination pattern and syllabus including preliminary, mains, and interview levels. Know in detail what each subject and stage entails.

    Develop a Study Schedule: Create a reasonable duration for all subjects which should involve time for revision as well as practice. Come up with your daily, weekly, and monthly goals. Read Books and Materials Prescribed by Board: Follow recommended books related to each subject among standard textbooks. Current affairs magazines and online resources enhance your reading materials.

    Keep Track of Current Affairs:

    Go through newspapers on a regular basis while also following reliable news sources.

    What happened during these events? What do they mean for the exam course?

    Take Notes Regularly While Also Revising Often: Prepare short notes for each topic using minimum words possible.

    Regular review is very important in remembering things better as well as understanding them deeply

    Practice Writing Skills: To improve your answer writing skills solve previous year’s papers & take mock tests on it. Concentrate on being clear, having good structure, expressing oneself properly

    Join Coaching or Online Courses (if needed): Consider joining coaching classes or taking online courses to be guided in an organized manner.Engage yourself into group discussions with fellow mates.

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Ishan
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IshanBegginer
Asked: August 20, 2024In: , , , , , , ,
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  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    The technology sector drives economic growth, innovation and societal transformation through developing and implementing digital solutions, products and services, enhancing productivity, connectivity and quality of life globally effectively.The Indian government is actively supporting the growth ofRead more

    The technology sector drives economic growth, innovation and societal transformation through developing and implementing digital solutions, products and services, enhancing productivity, connectivity and quality of life globally effectively.The Indian government is actively supporting the growth of startups in the technology sector through various initiatives.

    Initiatives – 

    1. Atmanirbhar Bharat App Innovation Challenge boosts India’s tech sector, promoting homegrown apps, digital sovereignty and innovation, driving self reliance and growth.
    2. SAMRIDH Scheme catalyzes India’s tech growth, funding startups, fostering innovation, entrepreneurship and job creation, bridging funding gaps nationwide effectively.
    3. Startup India Seed Fund fuels tech startups’ growth providing critical early stage funding catalyzing innovation and nurturing India’s digital ecosystem.
    4. Startup India Initiative boosts tech sector growth, fostering entrepreneurship, innovation and job creation through tax incentives, simplified regulations and funding.
    5. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) drives tech advancement, cultivating innovation hubs, incubators and tinkering labs, nurturing India’s startup and entrepreneurship ecosystem.
    6. Digital India transforms the nation, leveraging technology to enhance governance, connectivity, accessibility and services, bridging digital divides and fostering growth.

     

    India’s technology sector faces challenges including digital divide, infrastructure gaps, cybersecurity threats, talent shortages, regulatory frameworks, data privacy concerns, funding constraints and intense global competition, hindering growth and innovation potential.

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Sarim Khan
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Sarim KhanBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , ,
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Discuss the socio-economic implications of widespread automation and robotics in the Indian manufacturing sector. How can policy-makers ensure a balance between technological advancement and employment opportunities for the unskilled and semi-skilled workforce?

  1. Sakshi Gupta
    Sakshi Gupta

    The widespread adoption of automation and robotics in the Indian manufacturing sector brings significant socio-economic implications. On the one hand, increased efficiency, productivity, and quality of goods can enhance India's global competitiveness. On the other hand, the displacement of unskilledRead more

    The widespread adoption of automation and robotics in the Indian manufacturing sector brings significant socio-economic implications. On the one hand, increased efficiency, productivity, and quality of goods can enhance India’s global competitiveness. On the other hand, the displacement of unskilled and semi-skilled workers poses a severe challenge, risking higher unemployment and social inequality.

    Automation could potentially widen the gap between skilled and unskilled workers, as those with advanced technical skills will benefit more from new job opportunities. This shift can exacerbate existing socio-economic disparities, leading to economic polarization and social unrest.

    To ensure a balance between technological advancement and employment opportunities, policy-makers must adopt a multi-faceted approach. Policies should encourage industries to reskill and upskill their employees rather than resort to layoffs.

    Additionally, promoting sectors that are less susceptible to automation, such as creative industries, healthcare, and personal services, can create alternative employment opportunities. Implementing social safety nets, like unemployment benefits and retraining programs, will help cushion the transition.

    Public-private partnerships can also play a role in fostering innovation while ensuring inclusivity. By balancing these elements, policy-makers can harness the benefits of automation while mitigating its adverse effects on the workforce.

     

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Rajat Gupta
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Rajat GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Humans have always been a developing as per their requirements and circumstances offered by nature and situations. They have introduced computers, rockets, energy mining, infrastructure etc. but Is it enough for survival? No. For the further survival humankind have to keep evolving ...

energy resourcehuman developmenthuman resourceindustryinfrastructuremanufactruingmineral resourcesmobilisaton of resourcesresources/sciencescience and technologyspacetechnology
  1. kevinvagadiya
    kevinvagadiya Begginer

    Universal Matter Replication: Imagine a device that can scan and replicate any object at an atomic level. This would revolutionize manufacturing, eliminating waste and creating anything on demand. Food scarcity, resource limitations, and dependence on complex supply chains could become relics of theRead more

    • Universal Matter Replication: Imagine a device that can scan and replicate any object at an atomic level. This would revolutionize manufacturing, eliminating waste and creating anything on demand. Food scarcity, resource limitations, and dependence on complex supply chains could become relics of the past. Shelter, clothing, and even complex tools could be readily available, fundamentally changing how we live and interact with the world.

    • Advanced Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A seamless interface between the human brain and computers could unlock unimaginable potential. Imagine controlling technology with thought, directly accessing and storing information in the brain, or even enhancing our cognitive abilities. This could revolutionize education, communication, and scientific exploration. However, ethical considerations regarding privacy and human augmentation would need to be carefully addressed.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the context: Industrial growth in relation to GDP growth in India post-reforms. State the significance of the industrial sector in the economy. 2. Reasons for Lagging Industrial Growth A. Inadequate Infrastructure Discuss the challenges posed by insufficient physical infrastructure. Fact: ...

upsc: manufacturing sectors
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The industrial growth rate in India has lagged behind the overall growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the post-reform period. While the industrial sector contributes significantly to the economy, accounting for 27.6% of GDP, its growth has remained stagnant at aroundRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The industrial growth rate in India has lagged behind the overall growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the post-reform period. While the industrial sector contributes significantly to the economy, accounting for 27.6% of GDP, its growth has remained stagnant at around 2-3%, compared to GDP growth rates exceeding 6-7%.

    Reasons for Lagging Industrial Growth

    1. Inadequate Infrastructure:
      The industrial sector suffers from a significant deficit in physical infrastructure, necessitating an investment of $1 trillion to improve capacities and efficiency.
    2. High Logistics Costs:
      Poor quality of industrial infrastructure has led to high logistics costs, making Indian goods less competitive globally. India spends 2-3 times more on logistics than its competitors.
    3. Restrictive Labour Laws:
      Complex and rigid labour laws create challenges for employers, often leading to legal complications that hinder industrial growth.
    4. Complicated Business Environment:
      A multi-layered tax system with high compliance costs adversely affects the competitiveness of manufacturing. India ranks poorly in regulatory aspects according to the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) 2020 report.
    5. Low Investment in Technology:
      The reliance on inefficient and outdated technologies results in low productivity and higher costs, further disadvantaging Indian products in international markets.

    Recent Changes in Industrial Policy

    The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) has introduced several initiatives aimed at revitalizing industrial growth:

    • Policy Goals: The National Manufacturing Policy aims to increase the manufacturing sector’s contribution to GDP to 25% by 2025, while the foreign trade policy aims to double exports.
    • Investment in Technology: The policy seeks to attract $100 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) annually, up from $60 billion in 2016-17, to enhance technological access.
    • Targeting Key Sectors: Focus on sectors like automobiles, electronics, and renewable energy to create commercially viable industries.
    • Tax Benefits: New manufacturing units benefit from a reduced corporate tax rate of 15%.
    • Labour Market Flexibility: Enhancements in labour market policies aim to increase job creation in the formal sector.

    While these initiatives are long-term measures, they are expected to positively impact industrial growth in the future.

    Conclusion

    The industrial growth rate in India has lagged due to various structural challenges. However, recent policy changes by the DIPP aim to address these issues and stimulate growth in the industrial sector.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction: Briefly define the manufacturing sector’s contribution to GDP and the significance of MSMEs. State the purpose of the answer: to assess how current policies support growth in this sector. Importance of Increasing Manufacturing Sector Share: Rural Development: Explain how manufacturing ...

upsc: manufacturing sectors
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The manufacturing sector is vital for India’s economic landscape, contributing approximately 17% to the GDP in 2022. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) account for about 40% of manufacturing output, playing a significant role in job creation, exports, and overallRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The manufacturing sector is vital for India’s economic landscape, contributing approximately 17% to the GDP in 2022. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) account for about 40% of manufacturing output, playing a significant role in job creation, exports, and overall economic growth. Recognizing this importance, the Indian government has implemented various policies aimed at bolstering this sector.

    Importance of Increasing Manufacturing Sector Share

    1. Rural Development: Manufacturing is essential for rural upliftment. Initiatives such as Agro-based industries and Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs) empower rural entrepreneurs, thereby enhancing economic conditions in these areas.
    2. Economic Resilience: A diverse manufacturing sector can provide stability during economic downturns. For example, small enterprises adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic to produce essential goods like masks and sanitizers, showcasing resilience.
    3. Employment Generation: According to the Ministry of MSMEs, this sector has created around 11 crore jobs in India. Small manufacturing units, tailoring shops, and handicrafts provide extensive employment opportunities.
    4. Innovation: MSMEs often serve as incubators for innovation. Companies like Flipkart and Zoho started as small enterprises and have revolutionized the e-commerce and software sectors.
    5. Exports: MSMEs contribute approximately 48% to India’s total exports, showcasing products like jewelry and spices, which are in high global demand.

    Government Policies Supporting the Manufacturing Sector

    1. Make in India (2014): This initiative promotes India as a global manufacturing hub, exemplified by Samsung’s establishment of its largest mobile factory in Noida.
    2. MSME Samadhaan: A platform for MSMEs to address delayed payments, enhancing financial stability and operational continuity.
    3. Udyam Registration: Simplifies the registration process, encouraging new ventures to formalize and access government benefits.
    4. GST Implementation: Streamlined tax structures reduce the tax burden on MSMEs, promoting compliance and encouraging formalization.
    5. Startup India: This initiative fosters entrepreneurial growth by providing fiscal incentives and support, leading to notable success stories like Zomato.
    6. Cluster Development Program: Enhances competitiveness through the development of industry clusters, such as in Kanpur’s leather sector.
    7. Government e-Marketplace (GeM): Facilitates market access for MSMEs by connecting them with government buyers, thus expanding their reach.
    8. Digital MSME Scheme: Promotes digital literacy and technology adoption, helping businesses streamline operations and improve efficiency.

    Conclusion

    The current policies reflect a robust framework aimed at enhancing the manufacturing sector’s contribution to India’s GDP. By creating a supportive environment through effective implementation of these initiatives, the government can significantly accelerate the growth of MSMEs and manufacturing, ultimately driving economic development.

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Eshan Fernandes
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Eshan FernandesBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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Analyze how the manufacturing sector contributes to India’s export performance and the government’s efforts to diversify export markets, increase the sector’s export competitiveness, and deal with supply chain disruptions and conflicts in the global trade arena.

upsc: manufacturing sector
  1. Yash Sihare
    Yash Sihare Begginer
Ritu tyagi
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Ritu tyagiLearner
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine the government’s initiatives to support the establishment of specialized manufacturing hubs, such as the National Investment and Manufacturing Zones and the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, and determine how they have impacted local economic growth as well as the manufacturing industry ...

upsc: manufacturing sector
  1. Shreyas Rao
    Shreyas Rao Begginer

    Government Efforts to Promote Specialized Manufacturing Hubs Introduction The Indian government has undertaken several initiatives to boost the manufacturing sector by developing specialized manufacturing hubs. Key among these are the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and the National InvestmeRead more

    Government Efforts to Promote Specialized Manufacturing Hubs

    Introduction

    The Indian government has undertaken several initiatives to boost the manufacturing sector by developing specialized manufacturing hubs. Key among these are the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and the National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs). This evaluation examines these efforts, their impact on regional economic development, and their contributions to the overall growth of the manufacturing sector.

    1. Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)

    a. Overview and Objectives

    Strategic Infrastructure Development: DMIC is a major infrastructure project aimed at creating an industrial zone along the Delhi-Mumbai freight corridor. This 1,500-kilometer corridor is designed to improve connectivity and facilitate the movement of goods between the capital and financial hubs.
    Economic Growth Driver: The DMIC is expected to spur industrial growth by developing new industrial cities and supporting infrastructure along the route.
    b. Key Developments

    Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City): One of the major projects under DMIC, GIFT City aims to create a global financial and IT services hub in Gujarat. It is expected to enhance financial services, attract global investments, and create numerous jobs.
    Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR): Located in Gujarat, Dholera SIR is a flagship project under DMIC. It focuses on industrial development, including smart infrastructure, with plans for high-tech manufacturing and logistics facilities.
    c. Contribution to Regional Economic Development

    Boost to Industrialization: DMIC has catalyzed the development of industrial hubs in states along the corridor, including Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. This has led to increased industrial activity and employment opportunities in these regions.
    Infrastructure Enhancement: Improved transportation and logistics infrastructure along DMIC enhances the efficiency of supply chains, benefiting both manufacturers and consumers.
    d. Challenges and Considerations

    Implementation Delays: Some projects under DMIC have faced delays due to regulatory, financial, and land acquisition issues.
    Environmental and Social Impact: The large-scale development associated with DMIC raises concerns about environmental sustainability and displacement of local communities.
    2. National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)

    a. Overview and Objectives

    Creation of Manufacturing Hubs: NIMZs are designated areas aimed at boosting industrial production by providing world-class infrastructure, regulatory support, and incentives for manufacturers.
    Focused Development: NIMZs are designed to cater to specific sectors, including textiles, electronics, and automotive industries.
    b. Key Developments

    Kakinada SEZ (Special Economic Zone): In Andhra Pradesh, the Kakinada SEZ has been established to support industrial activities, including the manufacturing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. It offers a range of incentives and infrastructure support to attract investment.
    Patalganga Industrial Area: Located in Maharashtra, this area focuses on fostering industries related to chemicals and engineering, providing advanced infrastructure and facilities for manufacturing.
    c. Contribution to Regional Economic Development

    Industrial Growth: NIMZs contribute to regional economic growth by attracting investments and developing industrial infrastructure. For instance, the Patalganga Industrial Area has generated significant employment and enhanced the regional industrial base.
    Enhanced Infrastructure: NIMZs provide modern infrastructure, including roads, power, and water supply, which supports industrial activities and boosts regional economic development.
    d. Challenges and Considerations

    Inconsistent Development: The progress of NIMZs has been uneven across states, with some zones facing slower development due to bureaucratic and logistical hurdles.
    Need for Policy Alignment: Effective implementation of NIMZs requires coordination between central and state governments to ensure seamless execution of projects and policies.
    3. Overall Impact on Manufacturing Sector Growth

    a. Industrial Expansion and Competitiveness

    Increased Investment: Both DMIC and NIMZs have attracted significant domestic and foreign investment, contributing to the growth of the manufacturing sector. For example, the DMIC’s focus on high-tech industries has attracted global companies to invest in India.
    Enhanced Productivity: The development of specialized manufacturing hubs enhances productivity through improved infrastructure and streamlined processes.
    b. Regional Economic Balance

    Reduction in Regional Disparities: By promoting industrial development in various states, these hubs help balance economic growth across regions. This is crucial for reducing regional disparities and fostering inclusive growth.
    c. Long-term Sustainability

    Focus on Sustainable Practices: There is an increasing emphasis on integrating sustainable practices in these hubs to address environmental concerns and ensure long-term viability.
    Conclusion

    The government’s initiatives to develop specialized manufacturing hubs such as the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor and National Investment and Manufacturing Zones have significantly impacted the Indian manufacturing sector. These efforts have spurred industrial growth, enhanced infrastructure, and contributed to regional economic development. However, addressing challenges related to implementation and sustainability will be crucial for maximizing the benefits of these initiatives and achieving long-term growth in the manufacturing sector.

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Vihaan Choudhury
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Vihaan ChoudhuryLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction: Briefly introduce the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and its role in strengthening India’s manufacturing sector. Mention the long-standing nature of India’s industrial policy, with the last major update in 1991. Pose the central question: whether a new ...

upsc: manufacturing sector
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been a game-changer in strengthening India's manufacturing sector, attracting both domestic and foreign investments. However, despite its success, the need for a comprehensive industrial policy remains critical to ensure sustRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been a game-changer in strengthening India’s manufacturing sector, attracting both domestic and foreign investments. However, despite its success, the need for a comprehensive industrial policy remains critical to ensure sustained and inclusive industrial growth. Below is an assessment of the role of the PLI scheme and the necessity for a new industrial policy.

    Role of the PLI Scheme

    1. Wide Coverage: The PLI scheme targets 14 key sectors like electronics, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. This wide reach covers a substantial portion of the economy, fostering growth in diverse industries.
      Example: Electronics, automobiles, and textiles are all major sectors benefitting from the PLI scheme.
    2. Large-Scale Investments: By offering incentives, the PLI scheme has attracted over INR 1.03 lakh crore in investments, bolstering India’s manufacturing capabilities. Fact: By November 2023, the scheme had attracted INR 1.03 lakh crore in investments.
    3. Job Creation: The PLI scheme has the potential to create approximately 60 lakh new jobs across various sectors in the next five years. Example: The scheme is expected to stimulate job creation, particularly in manufacturing hubs.

    Need for a New Industrial Policy

    While the PLI scheme has delivered impressive results, a new industrial policy is crucial to address broader and long-term challenges:

    1. Comprehensive Framework: A new industrial policy would provide a more comprehensive framework, addressing not just sector-specific growth but also infrastructure development, skill enhancement, and research and development. Example: Infrastructure and skill development are key areas that need policy attention beyond the scope of the PLI scheme.
    2. Long-Term Vision: The PLI scheme focuses on short-to-medium-term objectives. A new industrial policy could outline strategic long-term goals for industrial transformation, guiding India’s manufacturing sector for decades to come.
    3. Inclusive Growth: The PLI scheme predominantly benefits large firms in certain sectors, but a new policy could promote inclusive growth by supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Example: MSMEs could benefit from tailored incentives and support structures.
    4. Environmental and Social Considerations: A modern industrial policy should integrate sustainability, environmental standards, and social welfare considerations, ensuring equitable industrial growth. Example: Ensuring that industrialization also supports environmental goals and benefits all sections of society is vital.

    Conclusion

    While the PLI scheme is an important tool for boosting India’s manufacturing sector, a new industrial policy is essential to provide a broader, more inclusive, and sustainable framework for industrial development. Instead of replacing the PLI, the new policy can complement it, focusing on long-term strategic goals and addressing areas that the PLI does not cover.

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Anita Ratnam
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Anita RatnamLearner
Asked: January 20, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction (Contextualization) Begin by acknowledging India’s growing working-age population and the potential of labour-intensive manufacturing in addressing employment challenges. Provide relevant data to highlight the need for employment generation. For example: India’s working-age population (15-64 years) stood at 950.2 ...

upsc: manufacturing sector
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer India's growing working-age population, expected to increase by about 9.7 million annually from 2021 to 2031, presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Labour-intensive manufacturing could help create jobs, but several barriers hinder this strategy. 1. Capital-Intensive Focus in ManRead more

    Model Answer

    India’s growing working-age population, expected to increase by about 9.7 million annually from 2021 to 2031, presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Labour-intensive manufacturing could help create jobs, but several barriers hinder this strategy.

    1. Capital-Intensive Focus in Manufacturing

    India’s manufacturing sector has been more capital-intensive than labour-intensive. The workforce in manufacturing shrank from 51 million in 2017 to 27.3 million in 2021, as industries focus more on automation and capital-heavy production processesmits the potential for job creation in sectors that traditionally employ large numbers of workers.

    2. Policy Gaps and Lack of Support for MSMEs

    While initiatives like Make in India and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes primarily target capital-intensive industries, the bulk of employment in manufacturing lies in MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). However, MSMEs struggle with inadequate banking, financial, and infrastructure support . There for policies that provide tailored support to MSMEs, especially in labour-intensive sectors like textiles, food processing, and footwear.

    3. Structural Bottlenecks

    India’s complex labour laws, restrictive land acquisition regulations, and high logistics costs (14% of GDP compared to under 10% in developed nations) further complicate the path to scaling labour-intensive manufacturing . These barriersnt and make manufacturing less competitive.

    4. Competition from Emerging Markets

    Countries like Bangladesh and Vietnam, which have benefited from lower production costs and better market access, are increasingly competing with India in global markets for labour-intensive products . India must address this rising coto retain its market share.

    5. Unskilled Workforce and Technology Upgradation

    A lack of formal skills training—only 21.2% of India’s workforce had such training in 2019 —limits productivity in labour-intensive secover, sectors like textiles have increasingly adopted automation, reducing the need for manual labour and hindering job creation.

    To tackle these challenges, India must focus on supporting MSMEs, improving infrastructure, and upskilling its workforce, creating a more favorable environment for labour-intensive manufacturing to thrive.

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