Governance

Recent train accidents in India have exposed a series of serious problems:

Principal Reasons:

-Outdated Infrastructure: The tracks, bridges, and signaling systems are getting more and older, and accidents occur.
Human Error: The social issue that arises from your business organization is that staff negligence, which is a result of complacency or inadequate training somehow leads to an occurrence of accident which results in deaths.
Maintenance: Rails, wheels, engines and coaches do not receive proper attention as far as maintenance is concerned and therefore pose a threat to lives.
Excessive Speed: This speed is still high at the areas where the tracks are poorly done causing derailment and collision.
-Signaling Failures: When the signaling system malfunctions there will be confusion and random occurrences of mishaps on the rail track.

Safety Enhancement Measures:

-Modernization: Restructuring the existing systems such as railway line maintenance and in the datum bridges, effective signaling system among others.
-Safety Maintenance: Raising maintenance standards and carrying out examinations to check on the staibility of railway properties.
-Training and Skill Development: Providing complete training to railway employees, especially the actual and prospective locomotive drivers, signal Heritage operators, and railway line maintenance employees.
-Strict Adherence to Safety Rules: Such measures as maintenance of a strict standard of safety in the organizations and Sunbelts imposition of fines for recklessness with a view of discouraging negligence.
-Real-time Monitoring: High-technology ways in the monitoring of train and tracks.
Independent Safety Audits: Development of a safety management system and engaging independent experts for a regular safety audit with regards to possible hazards and measures preventions thereof.
Public Awareness: To enthuse the people about railway safety rules and regulation with a view of avoiding the occurrence of such a disaster.

Taking this into consideration, and recognizing the essential means of identifying shortcomings, implementing changes and precautions which can convert the railway system of India safer in the future, some key problems of safety should be mentioned.

One essential aspect of health is the implementation of public health policies as they assist in curtailing the spread of infectious diseases by exploring the avenues which may transmit the disease as well as enhancing the health of the people or given population. These include;

-Vaccination Programs: The vast vaccination programs, aimed at providing herd immunity against measles, polio and flu as well as other diseases.
-Sanitation and Hygiene: By providing access to clean water, proper sanitation and hygiene to prevent the transmission of water and faeces related diseases.
-Development of Surveillance and Monitoring: Building up of appropriate control and monitoring systems to keep trace of infectious disease outbreaks and therefore initiate control measures early enough.
-Diseases Control through Isolation/Quarantine: Containment or control of outbreak of infections through quarantine and isolation of the identified infected persons.
-Health Policy’s Contextualization: Introduce health policies seeking to coordinate national practices on health, within a global spectrum, to avoid any possibilities of trans-boundary diseases.
-Public Health Education: Awareness campaigns to the public on management of the disease, its prevention, and the administration of the vaccines.

With respect to enhancing Nation’s health policy, certain strategies for improvement include the following;

-Strength of Health Systems: Preparedness and response by strengthening the health system components of infrastructure, human resources and research.
-Intersectoral Collaboration: Build relationships between the health sector and those responsible for social determinants of health including education and work in order to promote equity and lessen health differences.
-Empowerment of Communities: Enhancing their involvement, where they are encouraged to take an active role in policy formulation concerning health and actual health practices, where they stand to gain.
-Policy Change: Sustaining the present scientific knowledge and modifying them when necessary to cope with new communicable diseases and resistance to antimicrobial agents.

– Equity Focused: Equipping every individual with the necessary health services and resources without regard to their location or social class.

This may be particularly true regarding the burden of infectious diseases which can be greatly reduced through the introduction of adequate public health measures and controlling the socioeconomic conditions which promote the disease.

Although it is agreeable that India does require a National Security Strategy (NSS) for managing its security environment, both external and internal, from threats from aggressive neighbor countries, internal insurgencies, cyber security threats and other regional instabilities. An NSS would offer a structure for integrating the defense, intelligence and law enforcement branches of government for organized goal-directed counterterrorism activity. It would also enrich India’s diplomacy speaking points by understanding its security interests and approaches.

That is, the problems of an NSS are deep-rooted in the gigantic bureaucracy and coordination between agencies that oversee the process. However, the meeting of defense requirements with the economy results in funding complications. Political and electoral transferring and shifting may cause an interruption in security management. Also, central power and states are meant to create the appropriate cooperation because states manage specific affairs concerning internal security, like extremism or bordering in some areas. An NSS is feasible only when it can overcome these; this will be possible as its analytical and anticipatory capability to address emerging threats for India will be boosted up.