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Oceanography

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Home/World’s Physical Geography/Oceanography

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Saurabh Soni
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Saurabh SoniLearner
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
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Evaluate the connection between the Indian monsoon and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena critically.

upsc: oceanography
  1. Nikhil Joshi
    Nikhil Joshi Learner

    El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs due to a periodical variation in temperatures between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-central Equatorial Pacific. It has two phases: El Niño, characterized by warmer ocean temperatures, and La Niña, characterized by cooler ocean temperatures. It signifRead more

    El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs due to a periodical variation in temperatures between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-central Equatorial Pacific. It has two phases: El Niño, characterized by warmer ocean temperatures, and La Niña, characterized by cooler ocean temperatures. It significantly influences weather patterns globally, including the Indian monsoon system.

    Relationship between ENSO Events and the Indian Monsoon

    • Rainfall Patterns: During the ENSO phenomena, the Indian subcontinent experiences altered rainfall patterns. Eg: the severe drought in 2002 was due to a strong El Niño event. Conversely, the 1988 monsoon was one of the wettest on record, a direct effect of La Niña.
    • Onset Timing: The onset of the monsoon can be significantly affected by ENSO events, a classic example being the delayed onset in 2014 due to El Niño influences, which disrupted the agricultural calendar extensively.
    • Regional Variations: ENSO events foster significant regional disparities in weather conditions across India. For instance, during the 2006 El Niño, while central India experienced a dry spell, northeast India faced heavy floods due to irregular rainfall patterns.
    • Monsoon Depressions: La Niña encourages more monsoon depressions, as seen in 2010, resulting in a better-than-average monsoon season with bountiful rains, which, while aiding agriculture, also brought about challenges like flooding in several regions, including Punjab and Haryana.
    • Historical Events: For instance, El Niño events of 1877 and 1899 affected Indian monsoon reducing rainfall and caused severe droughts, showcasing a consistent pattern of distress during such periods. Understanding this historical trend is crucial for modern predictive and preparatory strategies.

    Impact of the Relationship between ENSO events and the Indian Monsoon

    • Food Security: During ENSO events, particularly El Niño, the rainfall patterns in India become erratic which directly affects food security. For example, the El Niño event in 2002 resulted in a substantial decline in food grain production, affecting the food security of millions.
    • Water Scarcity: Water scarcity becomes a pertinent issue in El Niño years. The year 2016 was marked with acute water shortages in various parts of India, necessitating even train services to transport water to the affected areas.
    • Biodiversity: Changing monsoon patterns have adverse effects on biodiversity. The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot in India, witnessed severe disruptions in the ecosystems during the El Niño years, leading to loss of species and altered migration patterns.
    • Energy Sector: Hydroelectric power generation, which is a significant contributor to India’s energy sector, faces challenges due to irregular water availability. Eg: during 2023 summers (partially an El Niño year), power demand has touched the record height of 233 GW.
    • Rural Livelihoods: Rural populations, chiefly reliant on agriculture, face the brunt of ENSO events. The farmer distress witnessed in various states during 2002 and 2009 were largely due to the El Niño phenomena affecting the monsoons adversely.
    • Inflation: Agricultural output fluctuations lead to inflation, affecting the daily life of common people. During the 2009 El Niño event, India witnessed a surge in the prices of essential commodities, burdening the common man with increased costs, due to its double digit inflation rate (10.88%).

    Way Ahead

    • Improved Forecasting: Learning from Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology which utilizes state-of-the-art computational facilities to forecast weather patterns, India can further modernize the IMD with higher computational prowess for accurate predictions during ENSO events.
    • Water Conservation: Israel’s success story in water management through desalination and recycling of wastewater can serve as a benchmark. India can develop policies promoting these technologies to sustain water resources during erratic monsoon periods induced by ENSO events. Ex- Sujalam campaign.
    • Agricultural Adaptation: Taking cue from the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method, which proved successful in Tamil Nadu, promoting such innovative agricultural practices nationally could enhance productivity despite adverse climatic conditions.
    • International Cooperation: Collaborating with initiatives like the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) can help in assimilating data and research to better understand the ENSO events and devise strategies at a global level.
    • Leveraging technology: Promoting the development and use of Genetically Modified (GM) crops that are resistant to fluctuating weather conditions. Additionally, developing mobile apps to advise farmers on the best practices during varying climatic conditions.

    Overall, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have a profound impact on the Indian monsoon, affecting various sectors in India, including agriculture, biodiversity, and health. Adopting these strategies, India can pave a forward-thinking path in managing the impacts of ENSO events on its monsoonal patterns, focusing on sustainability and resilience in various sectors.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 4, 2024In:
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Answer the question in maximum 15 to 20 words. This question carries 03 marks.[MPPSC 2023] When are the spring tides?

mppsc: oceanography
  1. Zara Mukherjee
    Zara Mukherjee Enthusiast

    Spring tides are a type of tidal phenomenon characterized by particularly high and low tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are aligned, either during the new moon or the full moon phases. During these periods, the combined gravitational pull of the Moon and the SuRead more

    Spring tides are a type of tidal phenomenon characterized by particularly high and low tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are aligned, either during the new moon or the full moon phases. During these periods, the combined gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun creates a greater difference between high and low tides compared to other times.

    Key Points:

    1. Alignment of Gravitational Forces
      Spring tides occur when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are in alignment. This alignment can happen during:

      • New Moon: When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are combined.
      • Full Moon: When the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun, the gravitational forces are also aligned.
    2. Tidal Range
      During spring tides, the tidal range (the difference between high and low tides) is at its maximum. This results in higher high tides and lower low tides. The increased tidal range can lead to more pronounced effects on coastal environments, including erosion and flooding.
    3. Recent Examples:
      • Cyclone Amphan (2020): The powerful spring tides coincided with Cyclone Amphan’s landfall, causing severe flooding in coastal areas of West Bengal and Bangladesh. The combination of spring tides and the cyclone’s storm surge exacerbated the impact on the affected regions.
      • Tsunami Events: Spring tides have been observed to influence the extent of flooding in tsunami events. For instance, the spring tide conditions during the 2011 Japan tsunami contributed to the severity of the flooding in coastal areas.
    4. Frequency and Predictability
      Spring tides occur approximately every two weeks, coinciding with the new moon and full moon phases. They are predictable and can be forecasted using tidal charts and astronomical data. Coastal communities often prepare for these high and low tides to manage potential impacts on fishing, shipping, and coastal infrastructure.
    5. Global Impact
      • United Kingdom: In the UK, spring tides are carefully monitored as they can impact maritime activities and coastal defenses. For instance, during spring tides in the winter months, there is a higher risk of coastal flooding in regions like East Anglia.
      • India: In India, spring tides can significantly affect the Sundarbans region, where the tidal variations can influence the local mangrove ecosystem and impact local communities. For example, during the spring tides of 2023, the Sundarbans saw increased salinity levels in the water, affecting agriculture and fisheries.

    Conclusion

    Spring tides are significant tidal events that occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are aligned with the Earth, leading to extreme high and low tides. These tides occur during the new moon and full moon phases and have notable impacts on coastal environments and human activities. Recent examples such as Cyclone Amphan and tsunami events demonstrate the importance of understanding and predicting spring tides for disaster preparedness and coastal management.

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Hrithika Sundar
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Hrithika SundarBegginer
Asked: January 4, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Contextualize the importance of ocean temperatures in understanding global climate, marine ecosystems, and weather patterns. Briefly define ocean temperature: Ocean temperature refers to the measure of the heat content in the ocean, which varies across different regions and ...

upsc: oceanography
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Factors Influencing Ocean Temperature Ocean temperature is influenced by several key factors: Latitude: Temperature decreases from the equator to the poles due to decreasing solar radiation (Source: Oceanographic Studies). Unequal Distribution of Land and Water: Oceans in the Northern HRead more

    Model Answer

    Factors Influencing Ocean Temperature

    Ocean temperature is influenced by several key factors:

    • Latitude: Temperature decreases from the equator to the poles due to decreasing solar radiation (Source: Oceanographic Studies).
    • Unequal Distribution of Land and Water: Oceans in the Northern Hemisphere are warmer because of greater landmass areas that absorb more heat (Source: Climatology Reports).
    • Prevailing Winds: Winds can cause upwelling, bringing cold water from the deep, or pile warm water near coasts, raising surface temperatures (Source: Marine Meteorology).
    • Ocean Currents: Warm currents like the Gulf Stream raise surface temperatures, while cold currents like the Labrador Current cool the waters (Source: Ocean Currents Analysis).
    • Other Factors: Local weather conditions, such as storms and cloud cover, can also impact temperature distribution (Source: Weather and Ocean Systems).

    Horizontal Distribution of Temperature

    Surface ocean temperatures are highest near the equator, averaging around 27°C, and decrease towards the poles at about 0.5°C per latitude. The temperature is higher in the Northern Hemisphere (around 19°C) compared to the Southern Hemisphere (around 16°C) due to unequal land-water distribution (Source: Climatological Studies).

    Vertical Distribution of Temperature

    • First Layer (0-500m): Warm surface water, ranging from 20°C to 25°C, is present in tropical and subtropical regions.
    • Second Layer (300m-1000m): The thermocline shows a rapid temperature drop.
    • Third Layer (below 1000m): Cold, dense water, typically near 4°C, dominates the deep ocean (Source: Ocean Temperature Profiles).
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Shivam tiwari
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Shivam tiwariLearner
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
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Describe the idea of ocean acidification and list the effects it has on marine ecosystems.

upsc: oceanography
  1. Yashika Bhatia
    Yashika Bhatia Begginer

    Ocean acidification is the process where the ocean becomes more acidic due to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. When CO₂ dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, which then breaks down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, increasing the water's acidity.C onsequences foRead more

    Ocean acidification is the process where the ocean becomes more acidic due to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. When CO₂ dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, which then breaks down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, increasing the water’s acidity.C

    onsequences for Marine Ecosystems

    1. Calcifying Organisms: Species like corals, mollusks, and some plankton need calcium carbonate to build their shells and skeletons. Higher acidity reduces carbonate ion availability, making it difficult for these organisms to maintain their structures.

    2. Coral Reefs: Coral reefs are highly sensitive to acidification. Weakened coral skeletons result in less stable reef ecosystems, which serve as crucial habitats for a wide variety of marine species.

    3. Food Web Disruption: Many marine animals depend on calcifying organisms for food. A decline in these primary producers and prey items can disrupt the entire food web, affecting fish, marine mammals, and human industries that depend on seafood.

    4. Behavior and Physiology Changes: Increased CO₂ levels can alter the behavior and physiology of marine life. For instance, some fish show a reduced ability to detect predators and navigate, impacting their survival.

    5. Marine Plants and Algae: Some marine plants and algae might benefit from higher CO₂ levels due to enhanced photosynthesis. However, this benefit does not outweigh the broader ecological disruptions caused by acidification.

    6. Biodiversity Loss: Struggling to adapt to more acidic conditions, various marine species may decline, leading to reduced biodiversity. This loss can make ecosystems more vulnerable to other stressors like overfishing and climate change.

    7. Economic Impact: Human communities relying on the ocean for their livelihoods, particularly through fishing and tourism, may face significant economic challenges as marine ecosystems degrade, fish stocks dwindle, and coral reefs suffer damage.

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Dheeraj Kumar
  • 2
Dheeraj KumarBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In:
  • 2

Examine the complex interactions between climatic variables and physical processes that shape the formation and dissipation of oceanic eddies, and evaluate the significant impacts these processes have on marine ecosystems and global climate patterns.

upsc: oceanography
  1. Nishant Desai
    Nishant Desai Learner

    Oceanic eddies are like underwater tornadoes. They swirl around and can move warm or cold water across the ocean. For example, eddies in the Gulf Stream help carry warm water from the tropics up towards the North Atlantic. They're important for ocean health and climate. Interplay between physical prRead more

    Oceanic eddies are like underwater tornadoes. They swirl around and can move warm or cold water across the ocean. For example, eddies in the Gulf Stream help carry warm water from the tropics up towards the North Atlantic. They’re important for ocean health and climate.

    Interplay between physical processes and climatic factors influences the genesis of oceanic eddies

    • Ocean Currents: Strong ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, can create eddies when the flow of water gets disturbed. It’s similar to the swirls you see when a fast-moving river hits a big rock.
    • Wind: Wind blowing over the ocean surface can stir the water, creating ripples that can grow into bigger eddies. For example, when winds from a storm blow over the ocean, they can help form eddies.
    • Water Density Differences: Eddies can also form when water of different temperatures or salinity (saltiness) meet. Imagine pouring syrup into water; it doesn’t mix well and creates swirls— that’s like an eddy.
    • Tides: The regular push and pull of the ocean’s tides can generate eddies. Just as tide changes can cause ripples in a bay or estuary, they can also create larger-scale eddies in the open ocean.
    • El Niño or La Niña: These climate patterns change wind and ocean current patterns. These shifts can lead to more or less eddy formation, depending on the conditions.
    • Ocean Fronts: These are boundaries where different bodies of water meet—like warm water meeting cold water. This clash can create instabilities that lead to the formation of eddies.
    • Atmospheric Pressure Changes: Large-scale changes in atmospheric pressure, such as those caused by moving weather systems, can cause changes in sea surface height, leading to eddy formation.

    Interplay between physical processes and climatic factors influences the dissipation of oceanic eddies

    • Friction with Seabed: When an eddy encounters shallow waters or an uneven ocean floor, it can slow down due to friction. This process gradually reduces the energy of the eddy, leading to its dissipation.
    • Encountering Coastlines: If an eddy moves towards a coast, the coastline can disrupt its circular motion, leading to its eventual disintegration. For instance, eddies in the Gulf Stream often dissipate when they hit the eastern coast of North America.
    • Merging with Other Eddies: Sometimes, when two eddies come close, they can merge into one larger eddy. While this new eddy might be bigger, the overall energy is conserved, leading to the original eddies’ dissipation.
    • Heat Exchange: Eddies can lose energy through heat exchange with the atmosphere, which can lead to their dissipation. In colder regions, this heat loss can be significant and cause the eddy to break down faster.
    • Wind Stress: Strong winds can either aid in eddy formation or contribute to their decay. If winds blow in a direction opposite to the eddy’s spin, they can disrupt its motion and contribute to its dissipation.
    • Sea Surface Temperature: Changes in sea surface temperature, often influenced by seasons or larger climate processes, can impact the stability of eddies and influence their dissipation.
    • Changes in Water Density: Just as differences in water density can create eddies, changes in these differences (due to warming or cooling, for instance) can destabilize and help dissipate them.

    Profound effects of oceanic eddies on marine ecosystems and global climate patterns

    • Nutrient Distribution: Oceanic eddies can churn up nutrients from the ocean’s depths and spread them around. This is like giving the ocean a big stir, helping feed small plants and animals living in the water.
    • Marine Food Chain: By bringing up these nutrients, eddies help boost the growth of tiny plants called phytoplankton, the base of the ocean’s food chain. This can lead to more fish and other sea creatures in those areas.
    • Heat Transport: Eddies help move heat around in the ocean. For example, eddies formed in the Gulf Stream transport warm water and heat from the tropics towards the colder North Atlantic, influencing the region’s climate.
    • Carbon Storage: The ocean absorbs a lot of the Earth’s carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas. Eddies can carry this CO2 deep into the ocean, storing it away from the atmosphere and helping to combat climate change.
    • Oxygen Supply: When eddies stir up the water, they also bring oxygen down into the deeper ocean. This is crucial for the survival of marine creatures living at depth.
    • Climate Buffer: By moving heat and CO2 around, eddies help the ocean act as a buffer against rapid climate change. Without them, Earth’s climate could change much more quickly.
    • Marine Migration: Some marine animals, like turtles and seals, use eddies as ‘rest stops’ during long migrations. They’re like underwater pit stops, providing a bounty of food for the journey.

    Going ahead, given the complexity and global scale of these processes, the study of oceanic eddies is of paramount importance for improving our understanding and prediction of climate change and its impacts on marine ecosystems.

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Kamini g
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Kamini gLearner
Asked: June 24, 2024In:
  • 0

What is the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and how does it work? Describe the causes and consequences of the most recent drop in AMOC. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: oceanography
  1. Khushi saini
    Khushi saini Learner

    The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a large system of ocean currents, like a conveyor belt, driven by differences in temperature and salinity. It is a thermocline circulation that carries warm surface waters from the tropics towards the Northern Hemisphere, where it cools and sRead more

    The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a large system of ocean currents, like a conveyor belt, driven by differences in temperature and salinity. It is a thermocline circulation that carries warm surface waters from the tropics towards the Northern Hemisphere, where it cools and sinks. It then returns to the tropics and then to the South Atlantic as a bottom current. From there it is distributed to all ocean basins via the Antarctic circumpolar current. This global process makes sure that the world’s oceans are continually mixed, and that heat and energy are distributed around the earth. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its recent report highlighted that AMOC is losing its stability and is very likely to decline over the 21st century due to the following reasons:

    • Melting of Arctic ice sheets: Global warming has led to an increase in freshwater due to the melting of Greenland and Arctic ice sheets. It can make circulation weaker as it reduces the salinity and density of the water, making it unable to sink to the bottom.
    • Weakening of the Gulf Stream: Anthropogenic factors such as global warming have led to a weakening of the Gulf Stream, which has further led to instability and decline of AMOC.
    • Increasing precipitation and river run-off: It can change the salinity and density of the ocean water, leading to unstable or not-so-strong AMOC circulation.

    Impact of the Decline of AMOC

    • Change in regional climate: The weakening of AMOC and Gulf Stream will trigger a cooling effect on climate and a decrease in rainfall over the North Atlantic region, as the northward heat supply is slowed down. It may also lead to an increase in winter storms over Europe and stronger hurricanes in the US.
    • Sea level rise: The northward surface flow of the AMOC leads to the deflection of water masses to the right, away from the US east coast. As the current slows down, this effect weakens and more water can pile up at the US east coast, leading to an enhanced sea level rise.
    • Severe consequences for Atlantic marine ecosystems: The North Atlantic ecosystem is adapted to the existence of the overturning circulation, which sets the conditions like the seasonal cycle, the temperature, and the nutrient conditions. Any changes in these conditions would disrupt fish populations and other marine life.
    • Other impacts: The collapse of the AMOC may induce changes in ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) characteristics, dieback of the Amazon rainforest, and shrinking of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet due to the seesaw effect, etc.

    There is a need to reconcile climate models with the presented observational evidence to assess how far or how close the AMOC really is to its critical threshold. Further, there is an urgent need to ensure the effective implementation of environmental commitments under the Paris climate deal by every country to address climate change and slow down the weakening of AMOC.

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Anirudh Singh
  • 0
Anirudh SinghLearner
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
  • 0

What effects do ocean currents have on weather systems and global climate patterns?

upsc: oceanography
  1. Chintan Trivedi
    Chintan Trivedi Begginer

    Introduction Ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns and influencing weather systems. They are large-scale movements of seawater that distribute heat across the planet, significantly impacting regional climates and weather events. Mechanism of Ocean Currents ThermalRead more

    Introduction

    Ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns and influencing weather systems. They are large-scale movements of seawater that distribute heat across the planet, significantly impacting regional climates and weather events.

    Mechanism of Ocean Currents

    1. Thermal Regulation: Ocean currents help in the redistribution of solar energy from the equator to the poles. Warm currents, like the Gulf Stream, transport heat northward, influencing climates in Europe and North America.
    2. Influence on Precipitation: Currents can alter evaporation rates and subsequently affect rainfall patterns. For example, the Kuroshio Current impacts weather in Japan, leading to heavy rainfall during certain seasons.
    3. Interaction with Atmospheric Patterns: Ocean currents influence atmospheric pressure systems, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can trigger extreme weather events globally.

    Impact on Global Climate Patterns

    1. El Niño and La Niña: These phenomena, driven by changes in ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean, can lead to significant climatic variations. For instance, the 2023 El Niño has been linked to increased temperatures and extreme weather events worldwide, including droughts in Indonesia and heavy rains in South America.
    2. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO): Variations in ocean currents in the North Atlantic affect winter weather in Europe and North America. In recent years, shifts in the NAO have been associated with unusually cold winters in the U.S. and Europe.

    Influence on Weather Systems

    1. Hurricanes and Cyclones: Warm ocean waters serve as fuel for tropical storms. The 2023 Atlantic hurricane season was particularly active due to warmer waters, leading to storms like Hurricane Idalia which impacted Florida.
    2. Monsoonal Patterns: Ocean currents affect monsoon patterns in South Asia. For example, the Indian Ocean Dipole influences the strength and timing of the Indian monsoon, with 2023 witnessing erratic rainfall patterns linked to current fluctuations.

    Recent Examples

    1. Heatwaves and Floods: The 2023 heatwave across Europe has been partly attributed to shifts in ocean currents, causing unusual temperature spikes. Conversely, heavy flooding in parts of eastern Africa is connected to changes in ocean temperatures affecting regional currents.
    2. Climate Change Impact: Climate change is altering ocean currents, leading to unpredictable weather patterns. The Gulf Stream is slowing down, which may contribute to more extreme weather in Europe and North America.

    Conclusion

    In summary, ocean currents are vital in shaping global climate and weather systems. Understanding their dynamics is essential for predicting and mitigating the effects of climate change and extreme weather events. Continuous monitoring and research are imperative as these currents are increasingly influenced by global warming, impacting life across the planet.

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Aditya Nair
  • 2
Aditya NairBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In:
  • 2

What does moving away from a mid-ocean ridge say about sea floor spreading, and how does the age of oceanic crust change?

upsc: oceanography
  1. Akriti Pandey
    Akriti Pandey Enthusiast
Shyamlal Sharma
  • 0
Shyamlal SharmaLearner
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the fundamental causes of the “Dead Zones” that are appearing more frequently in marine environments.

upsc: oceanography
  1. Dhanashree Thakur
    Dhanashree Thakur Begginer

    Marine organisms need oxygen to survive and if there is deficiency of oxygen demand it causes that area as a dead zone which also lead to a nutrient pollution in Marine water ecosystem. 1. climate change: temperature increases and water becomes warm and lighter and lose the ability to hold oxygen anRead more

    Marine organisms need oxygen to survive and if there is deficiency of oxygen demand it causes that area as a dead zone which also lead to a nutrient pollution in Marine water ecosystem.
    1. climate change: temperature increases and water becomes warm and lighter and lose the ability to hold oxygen and restrict the distribution of oxygen into the water.
    2. Eutrophication: It creates hypoxic condition in water due to algae bloom.
    3. Nutrient pollution: surplus of nutrients from agricultural run off, usage of fertilizers ,sewage through this enters into the water body and consume oxygen which leads to less oxygen supply.
    4. Pollution: Other than nutrient pollution heavy metals, chemicals, oil skills, industrial waste, domestic waste, can also pollute marine ecosystem and creates dead zone areas.
    example , Mexico experiences one of the largest dead zone globally due to nutrient rich to run out from the Mississippi River basi
    Dead zones in Marine ecosystem requires efforts to reduce pollution eutrophication climate change and need to improve water quality through proper waste water management good environmental policies and mindful agricultural practices.

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Anirudh Singh
  • 1
Anirudh SinghLearner
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
  • 1

What role do marine resources play in the sustainability and economic growth of coastal communities?

upsc: oceanography
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Marine resources include fish, coral reefs, mangroves, seaweeds, minerals and energy sources. They provide food, livelihoods, tourism, coastal protection, climate regulation and revenue, supporting economic growth and sustainable development. Economic benefits - Fisheries and aquaculture generate ecRead more

    Marine resources include fish, coral reefs, mangroves, seaweeds, minerals and energy sources. They provide food, livelihoods, tourism, coastal protection, climate regulation and revenue, supporting economic growth and sustainable development.

    Economic benefits –

    1. Fisheries and aquaculture generate economic benefits through job creation, export revenue, food security and income for millions of people worldwide.
    2. Coastal tourism fueled by marine attractions generates revenue through hotel bookings, recreational activities and local entrepreneurship.
    3. Shipping and ports facilitate international trade by generating revenue through cargo handling, freight forwarding and logistics.
    4. Offshore oil and gas extraction generates significant revenue through crude oil and natural gas exports, royalties and job creation, boosting GDP.

    Sustainable benefits –

    1. Food security through sustainable fishing and aquaculture, ensuring nutritious seafood for millions, improving health and well being.
    2. Coastal protection through mangroves, coral reefs and dunes, shielding communities from erosion, storms,and tsunamis, ensuring safety.
    3. Conserve biodiversity, preserving ecosystem services, habitats and species, maintaining ocean health, resilience and ecological balance naturally.
    4. Regulate climate by absorbing carbon dioxide, moderating weather patterns and producing oxygen, mitigating global warming and climate change impacts.
    5. Support recreation and well being through swimming, surfing and scenic views, promoting mental health, relaxation and quality of life.

     

    Marine resources are crucial for our future, supporting livelihoods, feeding millions and shielding us from climate change. Sustainable management is essential to preserve these life giving ocean treasures forever.

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