Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce pulses and their significance. Mention the declaration of 2016 as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations. Body Advantage 1: Nutritional Benefits Highlight the rich nutrient profile of pulses. Fact: Pulses are rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and ...
Model Answer Introduction The Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, are not only home to nine of the ten tallest peaks but also one of the most geologically active regions. This activity makes it highly susceptible to landslides, which can cause devastating damage to life, property, anRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, are not only home to nine of the ten tallest peaks but also one of the most geologically active regions. This activity makes it highly susceptible to landslides, which can cause devastating damage to life, property, and infrastructure.
Causes of Landslides in the Himalayas
Geological Composition
The tectonic plate movements in the region contribute significantly to geological instability. For instance, the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, with a magnitude of 7.8, resulted from such movements and led to extensive destruction.
Topography
The steep terrain and high elevations of the Himalayas inherently increase landslide risks. A tragic example occurred in 2017 in Himachal Pradesh, India, where a massive landslide buried two buses, causing over 50 fatalities due to the region’s perilous slopes.
Climate Change
Climate change exacerbates the situation by altering rainfall patterns and melting glaciers. The 2018 Sikkim landslide, which resulted in multiple fatalities, underscores the link between changing climate conditions and increased landslide occurrences.
Measures of Mitigation
Early Warning Systems
Implementing early warning systems utilizing remote sensing and real-time monitoring can provide critical alerts and facilitate timely evacuations.
Landslide Zoning
Mapping high-risk areas and restricting human activities in these zones can significantly mitigate risks.
Afforestation
Planting trees and vegetation can help stabilize soil and reduce erosion, thereby lowering the likelihood of landslides.
Slope Stabilization
Techniques such as terracing, retaining walls, and effective drainage systems can enhance slope stability and prevent material loss.
Building Codes
Developing stringent building codes that consider local geological conditions can ensure that infrastructure withstands potential landslides.
Conclusion
Landslides pose a substantial threat in the Himalayan region, necessitating a collaborative approach among governments, communities, and scientists to implement effective risk reduction strategies.
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Model Answer Introduction In 2016, the United Nations declared it the International Year of Pulses to underscore the critical role these crops play in global nutrition and sustainable agriculture. Pulses, including beans, lentils, and peas, offer numerous advantages that contribute to food securityRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
In 2016, the United Nations declared it the International Year of Pulses to underscore the critical role these crops play in global nutrition and sustainable agriculture. Pulses, including beans, lentils, and peas, offer numerous advantages that contribute to food security and environmental health.
Nutritional Benefits
Pulses are a powerhouse of nutrition. They are rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and essential minerals. Their low fat and cholesterol-free nature make them an excellent choice for a healthy diet, helping combat malnutrition and promote overall health.
Soil Health
One of the remarkable characteristics of pulses is their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. This natural process enhances soil fertility, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers that can be detrimental to the environment. By enriching the soil, pulses help maintain healthy ecosystems and promote sustainable farming practices.
Water Conservation
Pulses require significantly less water compared to many other crops, making them an ideal option for regions facing water scarcity. Their drought-resistant nature helps ensure food production in challenging climates, thereby contributing to food security in vulnerable areas.
Income Generation
Cultivating pulses provides farmers with a valuable cash crop, supporting their livelihoods and bolstering local economies. This economic benefit is particularly crucial in developing countries, where pulses can be a primary source of income for smallholder farmers.
Climate Change Mitigation
The cultivation of pulses plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. Studies have shown that integrating pulses into crop rotations can enhance yields while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, a sequence of pulse-durum wheat cultivation resulted in a 34% reduction in carbon footprint by minimizing fertilizer and fuel use.
Conclusion
The advantages of pulse cultivation extend beyond nutrition; they are integral to sustainable agriculture, soil health, and climate resilience. Promoting pulses can help address malnutrition, food insecurity, and environmental degradation, paving the way for a healthier and more sustainable future.
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