Sign Up

Have an account?

Sign In

Don't have account,

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.


Have an account?

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask a question.

Need An Account,

Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.

Search
Ask A Question

Geography

Share
Followers
146 Answers
1k Questions
Home/Geography

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Lala Ram
  • 0
Lala RamLearner
Asked: June 14, 2024In:
  • 0

Describe in brief the different landforms that are the result of glacier movement in terms of erosion and depositional processes. (Answer in 200 words)

upsc: geomorphology
  1. PS
    PS Begginer

    Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion and deposition, shaping landscapes through their movement and the ice melt processes. Erosional landforms include: Glacial Valleys (U-shaped valleys): Carved out by the erosive action of glaciers, these valleys have steep sides and a broad, flat bottom, contraRead more

    Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion and deposition, shaping landscapes through their movement and the ice melt processes. Erosional landforms include:

    1. Glacial Valleys (U-shaped valleys): Carved out by the erosive action of glaciers, these valleys have steep sides and a broad, flat bottom, contrasting with V-shaped river valleys.
    2. Cirques: Bowl-shaped depressions at the head of glacial valleys, formed by the plucking and abrasion of ice. They often contain tarns (small mountain lakes).
    3. Arêtes: Sharp ridges formed between two glacial valleys or cirques, as the ice erodes both sides.
    4. Horns: Pyramid-shaped peaks formed when several cirques erode a mountain peak from multiple sides.

    Depositional landforms include:

    1. Moraines: Accumulations of unsorted rock debris carried and deposited by glaciers. Types include terminal moraines (at the glacier’s end), lateral moraines (along the sides), and medial moraines (formed when two glaciers merge).
    2. Drumlins: Smooth, elongated hills of glacial till, shaped by the movement of ice sheets over older moraines.
    3. Erratics: Large boulders transported and deposited by glaciers, often composed of rock different from the surrounding terrain.
    4. Outwash Plains: Flat areas of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater streams from glaciers.

    Glaciers continually reshape landscapes through a combination of erosional and depositional processes, leaving behind distinctive landforms that reflect their dynamic movement and influence on the Earth’s surface.

    See less
Faraan Ahmed
  • 0
Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
  • 0

Analyze the connection between urbanization and industrial growth in Indian cities.

upsc: industry
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Industrial growth and urbanization in Indian cities are interdependent and have a symbiotic relationship.Industrial growth fuels Indian urbanization, driving migration, economic growth and infrastructure development in cities nationwide. Fuels job creation by attracting rural migrants and driving urRead more

    Industrial growth and urbanization in Indian cities are interdependent and have a symbiotic relationship.Industrial growth fuels Indian urbanization, driving migration, economic growth and infrastructure development in cities nationwide.

    1. Fuels job creation by attracting rural migrants and driving urbanization with 10 million plus jobs created annually contributing to 30% plus urban population growth transforming cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad.
    2. Triggers infrastructure development including roads, transportation, housing, utilities and amenities with investments exceeding $1 trillion transforming urban landscapes in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Ahmedabad.
    3. Stimulates economic growth by boosting urban GDP by 20-30%, increasing per capita income and contributing 60-70% to national GDP as seen in cities like Bengaluru, Pune and Hyderabad.
    4. Fosters diversification by spawning services sectors like IT, finance, logistics and tourism, accounting for 50-60% of urban GDP and transforming cities like Chennai, Kolkata and Gurugram.

     

    Industrial growth and urbanization in Indian cities pose challenges including environmental degradation, infrastructure strain, housing shortages, traffic congestion, social inequality and health concerns, affecting quality of life and sustainability in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bengaluru.

    See less
Harshita
  • 0
HarshitaBegginer
Asked: July 14, 2024In:
  • 0

  1. Manasvi Varshneya
    Manasvi Varshneya Begginer

    Farmers can protect crops from pests and diseases without harming the environment by employing a variety of sustainable agricultural practices. One method is crop rotation, where different crops are planted in a specific sequence to disrupt the life cycle of pests and diseases. Intercropping, or plaRead more

    Farmers can protect crops from pests and diseases without harming the environment by employing a variety of sustainable agricultural practices. One method is crop rotation, where different crops are planted in a specific sequence to disrupt the life cycle of pests and diseases. Intercropping, or planting different crops in close proximity, can also help deter pests by confusing them and providing habitat for beneficial insects.

     

    Another approach is the use of natural predators and beneficial insects to control pest populations, such as ladybugs or parasitic wasps. Traps, barriers, and pheromone-based lures can also be used to monitor and manage pest populations without resorting to harmful chemicals. Additionally, organic farming methods such as the use of compost, mulch, and cover crops can improve soil health and plant immunity, making crops more resilient to pests and diseases.

     

    When pesticides are necessary, farmers can opt for more environmentally-friendly options such as biopesticides or organic-approved chemicals. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques can also be employed, which involve monitoring pest populations and using a combination of methods to minimize pesticide use.

     

    Overall, by utilizing these sustainable methods and techniques, farmers can protect their crops from pests and diseases while also preserving the health of the environment.

    See less
Harshita
  • 0
HarshitaBegginer
Asked: July 14, 2024In:
  • 0

agriculture
  1. Rashi Singh
    Rashi Singh Begginer

    Organic farming and conventional farming differ primarily in their approaches to soil health, pest and weed management, fertilizer use, and overall agricultural practices: Organic Farming: 1. Methods: Relies on natural methods like crop rotation, biological pest control, and composting. 2. FertilizeRead more

    Organic farming and conventional farming differ primarily in their approaches to soil health, pest and weed management, fertilizer use, and overall agricultural practices:

    Organic Farming:

    1. Methods: Relies on natural methods like crop rotation, biological pest control, and composting.

    2. Fertilizers: Uses natural fertilizers (compost, manure) and avoids synthetic chemicals.

    3. Pesticides: Limits the use of synthetic pesticides and herbicides.

    4. GMOs: Prohibits genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

    5. Soil Health: Focuses on enhancing soil fertility and biodiversity.

    •Benefits of Organic Farming:

    – Environmental: Reduces pollution, conserves water, and promotes biodiversity.

    – Health: Limits exposure to synthetic chemicals in food and the environment.

    – Soil: Enhances soil fertility and structure over time.

    Conventional Farming:

    1. Methods: Uses modern techniques and technologies, including synthetic chemicals.

    2. Fertilizers: Uses synthetic fertilizers to provide specific nutrients.

    3. Pesticides: Relies on synthetic pesticides and herbicides to control pests and weeds.

    4. GMOs: Allows for the use of genetically modified crops where approved.

    5. Yield: Often associated with higher yields per acre in certain crops.

    •Benefits of Conventional Farming:

    – Efficiency: Generally achieves higher yields per unit of land.

    – Cost-Effectiveness: Can be more economically viable in some cases.

    – Availability: Provides a more consistent supply of produce year-round.

     

    Choosing between the two often depends on factors such as environmental impact, consumer preferences, market demands, and economic feasibility for farmers.

    See less
Shivani Chaudhari
  • 0
Shivani ChaudhariBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In: ,
  • 0

How can communities be effectively involved in disaster preparedness and risk reduction efforts, and what strategies can be employed to insure their active participation and resilience ?

disaster managementupsc mains
  1. Krishna Karthikeya Jujjavarapu
    Krishna Karthikeya Jujjavarapu Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    "Empowering Communities: Strategies for Effective Disaster Preparedness and Resilience".... Effective community involvement in disaster preparedness and risk reduction is crucial for building resilience. First, education and awareness programs play a pivotal role. By conducting workshops, training sRead more

    “Empowering Communities: Strategies for Effective Disaster Preparedness and Resilience”….

    Effective community involvement in disaster preparedness and risk reduction is crucial for building resilience. First, education and awareness programs play a pivotal role. By conducting workshops, training sessions, and drills, communities can learn about potential hazards, evacuation procedures, and basic first aid. This knowledge empowers individuals to take proactive measures and respond effectively during emergencies.

    Second, fostering community networks and partnerships enhances resilience. Establishing local disaster management committees or neighborhood watch groups encourages collaboration among residents, local authorities, and NGOs. These networks facilitate communication, information sharing, and coordinated response efforts before, during, and after disasters.

    Third, integrating traditional knowledge and practices into modern disaster management strategies is beneficial. Indigenous communities often possess valuable insights and adaptive strategies based on their historical experiences with natural hazards. Incorporating these practices into official disaster plans can improve effectiveness and community buy-in.

    Furthermore, incentivizing community involvement through recognition and support encourages active participation. Providing resources, funding for infrastructure improvements, or insurance incentives for disaster-resilient housing motivates communities to invest in preparedness measures.

    Overall, empowering communities to take ownership of their safety and resilience through education, collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and tangible support fosters a proactive approach to disaster management. This grassroots engagement not only enhances response capabilities but also strengthens social cohesion and solidarity in times of crisis.

    See less
Gunjarani Lakra
  • 0
Gunjarani LakraBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , ,
  • 0

Factors affecting indian farmers agricuktural practices after the harvest season.

question
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    Post-harvest practices involving processing contribute a great deal to the income and livelihood of Indian farmers. This is how: -Antidote to Losses: A major part of the produce is lost to the country for post-harvest damage by inadvertent handling, poor storage, and inept transportation. European fRead more

    Post-harvest practices involving processing contribute a great deal to the income and livelihood of Indian farmers. This is how:

    -Antidote to Losses: A major part of the produce is lost to the country for post-harvest damage by inadvertent handling, poor storage, and inept transportation. European farmers are suffering huge losses of economic resources due to post-harvest losses. Proper sorting, grading, cleaning, and storage in an effective post-harvest management scheme must, therefore, take the lead in reducing these losses while helping to increase farmers’ returns.

    -Higher Quality: Post-harvest handling upgrades the quality and shelf life. Consumers may prefer this quality, and therefore the price in the market may increase.

    -Value Addition: Different processes provide raw produce added value. Such processes, for instance, include drying, canning, pasteurization, and freezing; these methods turn raw produce into finished products like juice, jam, and pickles. This adds value and gives farmers alternative income.

    -Market Access: Improvement in post-harvest practices allows farmers to gain increased access to multiple markets. The produce being cultivated takes off to other levels, enhancing quality and safety that allows farmers to sell in higher-end markets, meeting high-demand buyers like processors, exporters, and retailers.

    -Reduced dependence on middlemen: Value addition activities can sever these ties and reduce futility-reaching middlemen who predominantly determine prices and bargain with farmers on low-cost options. Better prices for produce and incomes shall be realized.


    Critical Points Affecting Indian Post-Harvest Practices
    Post-harvest losses: There isn’t enough infrastructure regarding cold storages.     Poor transport infrastructure and a lack of the presence of processing units thus lead to huge post-harvest losses.

    Lack of awareness: Most farmers lack knowledge of suitable post-harvest handling techniques and the need for quality management.

    Limited access to technology: Smallholder farmers do not have access to modern post-harvest technologies such as refrigeration, cold storage, and processing equipment.


    Lack of market information: Most farmers lack access to market information, which leads to poor decision-making on pricing, marketing channels, and value-addition opportunities.

    See less
Devdipro Bhaduri
  • 0
Devdipro BhaduriBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In: ,
  • 0

technology
  1. Alankritha Goud
    Alankritha Goud Begginer

    Oceanography:it is a science of oceans,which provides us information about oceans of the world.It covers about 71 % of the Earth's surface. In the study of oceanography it includes all the parameters,it's physical properties i.e salinity, temperature,ocean currents etc,it's chemical properties i.e gRead more

    Oceanography:it is a science of oceans,which provides us information about oceans of the world.It covers about 71 % of the Earth’s surface.

    In the study of oceanography it includes all the parameters,it’s physical properties i.e salinity, temperature,ocean currents etc,it’s chemical properties i.e gases present in it, nutrients etc,andong with these we also need to consider the living organisms, microorganisms,plants,animals etc.

    Improvement of oceanography

    For the improvement of oceanography we need to consider broad range of aspects such as,

    1) Proper data collection:by installing more advanced sensors, underwater vehicles, satellites etc. to gather more advanced and apt data for the scientists to analyse and work upon it.

    2) Modelling and prediction:by developing accurate models that can predict ocean behaviour such as it’s climate changes and its impact,oceanic currents circulation,water sea level rise,patterns of currents.

    3) Collaborations:by interdisciplinary collaborations between the biologists, climatologists, oceanographers and scientists related to relevant fields will bring more holistic approach and understanding of the oceans.

    4) Technology advancement: Innovative ideas through new technologies such as AI,etc,will help in smart solutions in timely manner.

    5) Conservation: Promoting sustainable use of oceans in public,make them understand the importance of it ,and make scientific way of conservation efforts.

    6) Policy support: bringing up policies that are informed by oceanographers to overcome challenges such as climate change, overfishing,marine pollution etc.

    By understanding these areas we can bring changes in the oceangraphy.

    Technological application

    Moniter systems:to keep an eye on migration of maine beings.It will help in monitoring there behaviour and migration patterns.

    Drones:it will give real time high resolution information about ocean,that will help in improving fisheries , identify threatened species,oil spills and also observe coral reefs.

    Geographical information systems(GIS) -to monitor the real time movements of the marine animals.

    Animal telemetry -involves marine animals to carry electric tags which enables us to know how these animals interact with oceans and also reach unreachable areas of oceans through it.

    It is important to improve the oceans through various approaches and technologies as it is an essential and major part of our earth surface.

    See less
Load More Questions

Resources & Suggestions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Articles

On: April 18, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (18 April 2025)

Do you agree with the claim that indecision and risk aversion are prevalent issues in Indian bureaucracy? Support your answer with logical reasoning. (150 words) ऐसा कहा जाता है कि भारतीय नौकरशाही में अनिर्णय और जोखिम से बचने की प्रवृत्ति ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

Strengthening India’s Cyber Defence

Rising Threats Digital Era Challenges: 2024 marks a significant rise in digital threats, particularly from AI and cyberattacks. Key Issues: Disinformation campaigns. Cyber fraud affecting daily life. Current Major Cyber Threats Ransomware Rampage: Over 48,000 instances of WannaCry ransomware detected ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

भारत की साइबर सुरक्षा

बढ़ते खतरे कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI) और साइबर हमले: 2024 में AI और साइबर हमलों के खतरे में वृद्धि। महत्वपूर्ण अवसंरचना पर हमले: डिजिटल हमलों और दुष्प्रचार अभियानों की संभावना बढ़ी है। प्रमुख साइबर खतरें रैनसमवेयर का प्रकोप: 48,000 से अधिक ...

Explore Our Blog