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Geography

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Home/Geography/Page 19

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Jahnavi Bordoloi
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Jahnavi BordoloiBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
  • 0

Talk about the National Logistics Policy’s advantages and disadvantages for India’s supply networks.

upsc: transport & communication
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    India's National Logistics Policy aims to streamline logistics operations by reducing costs from 14% to 10% of GDP through unified regulations, digitalization, infrastructure development, skill training and integration with global supply chains, enhancing efficiency and competitiveness. Challenges -Read more

    India’s National Logistics Policy aims to streamline logistics operations by reducing costs from 14% to 10% of GDP through unified regulations, digitalization, infrastructure development, skill training and integration with global supply chains, enhancing efficiency and competitiveness.

    Challenges –

    1. Infrastructure gaps including inadequate roads, ports, warehouses, and rail networks hinder efficient logistics operations nationwide.
    2. Complex, overlapping regulations across states and ministries create bureaucratic hurdles, delaying logistics operations and compliance.
    3. Insufficient trained professionals in logistics, transportation and supply chain management hinder industry growth and efficiency.
    4. India’s highly fragmented logistics sector with numerous small players, hinders standardization, coordination and scalability efforts.
    5. Slow adoption of digital technologies, such as blockchain, IoT and automation, limits logistics efficiency and transparency.

     

    Opportunities –

    1. Unified regulatory framework streamlines logistics operations, reducing complexity, bureaucratic hurdles and compliance costs nationwide instantly.
    2. Infrastructure development boosts logistics efficiency, connectivity and capacity, unlocking India’s economic growth and trade potential.
    3. Digitalization transforms logistics through automation, real time tracking and data analytics, enhancing efficiency, transparency and competitiveness.
    4. Skill development initiatives upskill logistics workforce, fostering expertise, innovation and employability, driving sector growth sustainably.
    5. Integration with global supply chains unlocks export potential, foreign investments and technology transfer for India.
    6. National Logistics Policy generates millions of jobs, empowering youth, boosting employment and stimulating economic growth nationwide.
    7. National Logistics Policy streamlines operations, reducing transportation costs, inventory holding and transit times by 10-15%.
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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Examine the environmental problems that India’s development has brought about and possible solutions.

upsc: industry
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    India's industries grew rapidly since 1950 bringing economic growth, jobs and modernization but also pollution, worker concerns and uneven development changing the country's landscape and people's lives dramatically. Environmental challenges -  Causes air and water pollution, harming ecosystems, humRead more

    India’s industries grew rapidly since 1950 bringing economic growth, jobs and modernization but also pollution, worker concerns and uneven development changing the country’s landscape and people’s lives dramatically.

    Environmental challenges – 

    1. Causes air and water pollution, harming ecosystems, human health and biodiversity severely nationwide.
    2. Releases toxic chemicals, heavy metals and waste, contaminating soil, threatening ecosystems and health.
    3. Destroys habitats, fragmenting ecosystems, extinction of species, disrupting delicate balance, threatening biodiversity severely.
    4. Releases CO2, methane and pollutants, fueling climate change, global warming and extreme weather.
    5. Generates massive hazardous waste, polluting land, air, water and ecosystems, threatening human health.

     

    Mitigation strategies – 

    1. India’s government initiatives mitigate industrialization’s environmental impact through regulations, pollution control laws, Clean India Mission, National Clean Energy Policy and afforestation programs.
    2. India’s industrial sector adopts sustainable practices by investing in clean technologies, renewable energy, waste reduction and eco friendly manufacturing, reducing carbon footprint significantly nationwide.
    3. Community led initiatives in India promote environmental stewardship through public awareness campaigns, waste management, reforestation and eco clubs, empowering local solutions to industrial pollution.
    4. India leverages technological innovations such as green manufacturing, electric vehicles, solar power and pollution monitoring sensors to minimize industrial environmental footprint effectively nationwide.
    5. India’s policy initiatives include stricter regulations, tax incentives for sustainability, carbon pricing and green infrastructure investments, promoting eco friendly industrial growth and development.

     

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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Talk about how India’s rural development and economic growth are impacted by small-scale industries.

upsc: industry
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Small scale industries are tiny businesses that create jobs, boost local economies and produce goods. They contribute significantly to India's growth , exporting 45% of products and include textiles, food and manufacturing.Small scale industries (SSIs) play a vital role in India's economic growth anRead more

    Small scale industries are tiny businesses that create jobs, boost local economies and produce goods. They contribute significantly to India’s growth , exporting 45% of products and include textiles, food and manufacturing.Small scale industries (SSIs) play a vital role in India’s economic growth and rural development.

    Economic Growth – 

    1. Generate employment for millions, creating livelihoods in rural and urban areas contributing significantly to India’s economic growth.
    2. Contribute 40% to India’s industrial production and 8% to GDP, driving economic growth through diverse manufacturing sectors nationwide.
    3. Foster innovation and entrepreneurship, encouraging startups, self employment and local solutions, driving India’s economic growth and competitiveness nationwide.
    4. Promote regional development, decentralizing industrialization, reducing urban rural disparities and stimulating local economies through job creation and infrastructure growth.

     

    Rural Development – 

    1. Create local jobs in rural India, reducing migration and poverty, empowering communities sustainably.
    2. Generate rural incomes, enhancing livelihoods, improving living standards and financial stability for villagers nationwide.
    3. Utilize local resources, promoting self sufficiency, optimizing rural raw materials and skill development effectively.
    4. Stimulate rural infrastructure growth, demanding roads, electricity and services, boosting local connectivity.
    5. Empower marginalized rural communities, providing livelihoods, skills and economic independence to women, SC/ST and minorities.

     

    The Indian government initiatives like Make in India, Startup India and Mudra Yojana boost small scale industries. However, challenges persist i.e. inadequate funding, regulatory hurdles, infrastructure deficits and competition from large scale industries.

     

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Ishani Chetia
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Ishani ChetiaBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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What effects do new developments in communication technologies have on social fairness and rural connectivity?

upsc: transport & communication
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    India's communication technology has grown rapidly by connecting people through mobile phones, internet and social media. Initiatives like Digital India, 4G/5G networks and low cost smartphones have made information accessible nationwide. Impacts on Rural Connectivity -  Advances in communication teRead more

    India’s communication technology has grown rapidly by connecting people through mobile phones, internet and social media. Initiatives like Digital India, 4G/5G networks and low cost smartphones have made information accessible nationwide.

    Impacts on Rural Connectivity – 

    1. Advances in communication technology increase rural accessibility, connecting communities to services, information and global markets.
    2. Bridges geographical gaps linking rural areas to urban centers, services and global networks instantly.
    3. Telemedicine and digital health platforms enabled by communication tech, deliver quality healthcare to rural doorsteps.
    4. Digital learning platforms and online resources, facilitated by communication tech, bring quality education to rural homes.
    5. Enables rural e-commerce, digital payments and online marketplaces, fueling local economic growth instantly.

     

    Impacts on Social Equity – 

    1. Bridges digital divide through promoting social equity by connecting marginalized communities to resources equally.
    2. Empowers marginalized groups by amplifying their voices, access to services and social participation equally.
    3. Enables inclusive governance, facilitating citizen engagement, transparency and participatory decision making for all communities.
    4. Fuels social mobilization by mobilizing marginalized voices, sparking social change and promoting equitable policies.
    5. Preserves cultural heritage by promoting diversity, inclusivity and social equity through digital storytelling platforms.

     

    Advancements in communication technology face challenges impacting rural connectivity and social equity including infrastructure gaps, digital literacy barriers, affordability issues, language limitations, cybersecurity risks and content relevance, exacerbating digital divides and social exclusions in marginalized communities.

     

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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Examine how globalization has affected India’s manufacturing sector and job creation.

upsc: industry
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Globalization transformed India's economy by fostering growth, foreign investment and cultural exchange but also introducing challenges like job displacement, income inequality and environmental concerns, as India integrates into the global market and competes internationally. Impacts on ManufacturiRead more

    Globalization transformed India’s economy by fostering growth, foreign investment and cultural exchange but also introducing challenges like job displacement, income inequality and environmental concerns, as India integrates into the global market and competes internationally.

    Impacts on Manufacturing Sector – 

    1. Globalization boosted India’s manufacturing sector by attracting foreign investment, enhancing competitiveness, increasing exports, creating new job opportunities, transferring advanced technologies and promoting innovation leading to accelerated growth, modernization and increased contribution to GDP.
    2. Globalization harmed India’s manufacturing sector through cheap imports, automation led job losses, environmental degradation, dependence on global markets and unequal competition threatening domestic industries, displacing traditional workers and widening income disparities among Indians.

     

    Impacts on Employment Generation –

    1. Generated jobs in export oriented sectors, SMEs and services, but automation and import competition displaced traditional workers, reshaping employment.
    2. Globalization driven growth in automotive, electronics and pharmaceutical sectors created new jobs, skilled workforce opportunities and entrepreneurial ventures.
    3. Enabled SME growth generated jobs, stimulated entrepreneurship and increased workforce participation particularly for women and rural communities.

     

    Globalization poses challenges to India’s manufacturing sector including skill gaps, infrastructure deficits and unequal competition. Recommendations include investing in vocational training, infrastructure development, simplifying regulations and promoting innovation and entrepreneurship to harness globalization’s benefits.

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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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What effects does India’s industrial structure have on regional growth and economic inequality?

upsc: industry
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    India's industrial structure includes manufacturing (autos, textiles, pharmaceuticals), services (IT, finance), and small scale industries. Key sectors include textiles, steel, cement, automotive, electronics and chemicals. Contributing 22% to GDP, it fuels growth, employment and innovation nationwiRead more

    India’s industrial structure includes manufacturing (autos, textiles, pharmaceuticals), services (IT, finance), and small scale industries. Key sectors include textiles, steel, cement, automotive, electronics and chemicals. Contributing 22% to GDP, it fuels growth, employment and innovation nationwide.India’s industrial structure influences regional economic disparities and development through –

    1. Regional industry concentration in India widens economic disparities by favoring developed regions (Mumbai, Bengaluru) over underdeveloped ones (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh),exacerbating unequal growth, migration and resource allocation.
    2. India’s uneven infrastructure distribution perpetuates regional disparities as developed regions (coastal areas) enjoy better connectivity, energy and transportation while underdeveloped regions (rural, landlocked areas) lag behind.
    3. Skilled labor clustering in India’s urban areas exacerbates regional disparities by draining talent from rural regions, worsening brain drain and limiting access to quality workforce, entrepreneurship and innovation.
    4. Limited access to finance and technology in India’s rural regions hinders development by restricting entrepreneurship, innovation and growth, perpetuating disparities through reduced investment, lower productivity and limited job opportunities.
    5. Disparities in education and healthcare in India’s rural regions hinder economic development, perpetuating regional disparities through low skilled workforce, poor health outcomes, reduced productivity and limited economic mobility.

     

    India’s initiatives to overcome regional disparities include Make in India, Smart Cities Mission, Atmanirbhar Bharat, National Investment and Manufacturing Zone (NIMZ) policy, Bharatmala and Digital India. These initiatives aim to decentralize industry, enhance infrastructure, skill development and entrepreneurship, promoting inclusive growth and bridging regional gaps.

     

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Ishani Chetia
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Ishani ChetiaBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Examine how India’s transportation network contributes to the country’s economic growth.

upsc: transport & communication
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    India's transport infrastructure comprises 63000 km of railways, 1.15 million km of roads, 13 major ports, 7500 km of inland waterways and 148 airports. Ongoing initiatives like Bharatmala, Sagarmala and Dedicated Freight Corridors enhance connectivity, efficiency and economic growth.Transport infraRead more

    India’s transport infrastructure comprises 63000 km of railways, 1.15 million km of roads, 13 major ports, 7500 km of inland waterways and 148 airports. Ongoing initiatives like Bharatmala, Sagarmala and Dedicated Freight Corridors enhance connectivity, efficiency and economic growth.Transport infrastructure plays a vital role in facilitating economic development in India by –

    1. Transport infrastructure enhances India’s connectivity by linking businesses, markets and people, facilitating trade, investment and economic growth through efficient movement of goods and services.
    2. India’s transport infrastructure boosts efficiency by reducing transit times, costs and logistics hurdles, enabling faster delivery, increased productivity and competitiveness nationwide.
    3. Transport infrastructure fuels India’s economic growth by stimulating trade, investment and job creation, while increasing GDP, industrial production and foreign exchange earnings significantly.
    4. India’s transport infrastructure generates employment through construction, operations and logistics, creating direct and indirect jobs in transportation, manufacturing and services, boosting livelihoods nationwide.
    5. Transport infrastructure bridges India’s regional disparities by connecting rural and urban areas, stimulating local economies and promoting inclusive growth through improved accessibility and connectivity.

     

    India’s transport infrastructure faces challenges i.e. inadequate funding, capacity constraints, congestion, inefficiencies, land acquisition issues, environmental concerns, project delays and lack of last mile connectivity, hindering economic growth and regional development.

     

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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Evaluate how well international agreements are working to address how climate change is affecting ice caps and water bodies.

upsc: changes in geographical features
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Climate change causes rising sea levels, melting ice caps, glacier retreat, altered water cycles and warmer waters, impacting water bodies, threatening marine ecosystems and affecting human livelihoods globally.International agreements have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in addressing climatRead more

    Climate change causes rising sea levels, melting ice caps, glacier retreat, altered water cycles and warmer waters, impacting water bodies, threatening marine ecosystems and affecting human livelihoods globally.International agreements have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in addressing climate change impacts on water bodies and ice caps –

    1. Global cooperation under UNFCCC, Paris Agreement and Arctic Council unites nations to share knowledge, technology and best practices, protecting water bodies and ice caps through collaborative research.
    2. Emissions reduction under Paris Agreement targets limit global warming to 1.5°C, slowing ice cap melting, sea level rise and water cycle disruptions, protecting aquatic ecosystems and human livelihoods.
    3. Climate finance mobilizes global funding for vulnerable regions, supporting water infrastructure, ice cap conservation and aquatic ecosystem restoration through initiatives like Green Climate Fund and Adaptation Fund.
    4. Adaptation planning under UNFCCC’s National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) helps countries develop resilient water management, ice cap monitoring and ecosystem conservation strategies, enhancing climate resilience and water security.

     

    International agreements face challenges i.e. inconsistent implementation, inadequate funding, lack of enforcement mechanisms, conflicting national interests, limited scope and slow pace of negotiations, hindering effective action to mitigate climate change impacts on water bodies and ice caps.

     

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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Talk about the links between the decline in biodiversity and ecosystems’ ability to withstand environmental changes.

upsc: changes in geographical features
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    India faces severe environmental changes i.e.rising temperatures, melting Himalayan glaciers, erratic monsoons, droughts, water scarcity, air and water pollution, deforestation, land degradation and biodiversity loss, threatening ecosystems and human livelihoods.Biodiversity loss and ecosystem resilRead more

    India faces severe environmental changes i.e.rising temperatures, melting Himalayan glaciers, erratic monsoons, droughts, water scarcity, air and water pollution, deforestation, land degradation and biodiversity loss, threatening ecosystems and human livelihoods.Biodiversity loss and ecosystem resilience are intricately linked. Here’s how –

    1. Species diversity enhances ecosystem services by providing pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling and climate regulation, ensuring resilience to environmental changes and ecosystem stability.
    2. Ecosystems with high biodiversity exhibit enhanced resilience to environmental changes due to functional redundancy, adaptive capacity and niche diversification, buffering against disturbances.
    3. Loss of keystone species triggers cascading effects, disrupting ecosystem processes and leading to population declines, extinctions and reduced ecosystem resilience, exacerbating vulnerability.
    4. Functional redundancy where multiple species perform similar roles, ensures ecosystem resilience by maintaining essential processes, compensating for species loss and adapting to environmental changes.
    5. Habitat destruction and fragmentation reduce biodiversity by isolating populations, disrupting species interactions and eliminating niches, leading to population decline, extinction and ecosystem degradation.

     

    To address biodiversity loss and enhance ecosystem resilience, recommendations include conserving natural habitats, restoring degraded lands and promoting sustainable practices. International agreements like the Paris Agreement, Convention on Biological Diversity and Sustainable Development Goals support these efforts, fostering ecosystem resilience and adaptive capacity to environmental changes.

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Divaan Oberoi
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Divaan OberoiBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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What effects does the spread of deserts have on local climate and farming methods?

upsc: changes in geographical features
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Desert expansion occurs through land degradation, overgrazing, deforestation and climate change leading to soil erosion, reduced vegetation and water scarcity, transforming productive land into arid and unproductive areas.The expansion of deserts also known as desertification, significantly impactsRead more

    Desert expansion occurs through land degradation, overgrazing, deforestation and climate change leading to soil erosion, reduced vegetation and water scarcity, transforming productive land into arid and unproductive areas.The expansion of deserts also known as desertification, significantly impacts regional climate and agricultural practices.

    Climate Impacts – 

    1. Desert expansion amplifies local temperature rise, intensifying heatwaves, altering precipitation patterns and exacerbating climate change.
    2. Reduces precipitation, intensifying droughts, disrupting regional water cycles and amplifying climate variability greatly.
    3. Generates massive dust and sand storms, reducing air quality, blocking solar radiation, cooling locally.
    4. Alters energy balance by absorbing/releasing heat differently, amplifying regional temperature fluctuations and climate extremes.

     

    Agricultural Impacts – 

    1. Degrades fertile land, reducing crop yields, soil fertility and water retention, threatening food security.
    2. Exacerbates water scarcity, limiting irrigation, reducing crop growth and threatening agricultural productivity and livelihoods.
    3. Converts productive arable land to barren terrain, reducing agricultural output and food availability.
    4. Prompts farmers to adopt drought tolerant crops, altering agricultural diversity and local food systems.
    5. Forces herders to adapt grazing practices, reducing livestock numbers and altering pastoral livelihoods.

     

    To mitigate desert expansion strategies include reforestation, sustainable land management and climate smart agriculture. Initiatives such as afforestation, soil conservation and efficient irrigation systems help reduce desert influences on regional climate and agricultural practices, promoting resilience and food security.

     

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