Write brief, 30-word notes on each of the following topics: Constitutional morality, conflicts of interest, probity in public life, difficulties with digitalization, and devotion to duty are all mentioned.
Model Answer Introduction Moral intuition and moral reasoning are crucial cognitive processes that shape our moral judgments. While moral intuition serves as an immediate, emotion-driven response, moral reasoning involves a deliberate, rational analysis before reaching a moral decision. For instanceRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Moral intuition and moral reasoning are crucial cognitive processes that shape our moral judgments. While moral intuition serves as an immediate, emotion-driven response, moral reasoning involves a deliberate, rational analysis before reaching a moral decision. For instance, in a distressing situation, moral intuition may prompt immediate assistance, while moral reasoning assesses potential risks and benefits before deciding on the appropriate action.
Difference between Moral Intuition and Moral Reasoning
| Aspects | Moral Intuition | Moral Reasoning |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Immediate and automatic judgment about right or wrong, often driven by emotions. | Deliberate process of determining right or wrong through logical analysis. |
| Characteristic | Often instantaneous, arising from gut feelings without conscious reasoning. | Involves conscious thought, applying moral principles and ethical theories. |
| Importance in Moral Judgments | Forms the immediate judgment that can later be analyzed through reasoning. | Justifies moral judgments and engages in moral discussions and debates. |
| Psychological Basis | Grounded in innate tendencies, shaped by culture and personal experiences. | Relies on cognitive processes and employs moral philosophies like utilitarianism or deontology. |
| Objectivity | Can be biased and influenced by personal prejudices, potentially leading to incorrect judgments. | Can be influenced by moral intuition but strives for objectivity through critical analysis. |
| Moral Development | Develops early in life, with children displaying basic moral intuitions. | Evolves with cognitive development and education, refining with maturity. |
Examples
- Moral Intuition:
- An instant feeling of disapproval upon witnessing someone steal, reflecting an immediate emotional response rather than a thoughtful evaluation.
- A spontaneous urge to donate to a charitable cause after hearing about a natural disaster, prompted by empathy and instinct.
- Moral Reasoning:
- Critically evaluating the implications of a policy on various stakeholders, making decisions based on principles of justice and fairness.
- Deliberating on the allocation of limited medical resources during a pandemic, considering equity and the greater good.
Conclusion
Moral intuition and moral reasoning are distinct yet interconnected processes guiding moral decision-making. While moral intuition acts as the instinctive compass, moral reasoning provides the necessary calibration. Understanding these processes fosters a comprehensive approach to ethical dilemmas, enhancing well-rounded moral judgment.
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(i) Constitutional Morality Constitutional Morality refers to adherence to the core principles and values enshrined in the Constitution, beyond legal compliance. For instance, upholding fundamental rights and democratic values ensures that governance aligns with constitutional ideals, as seen in theRead more
(i) Constitutional Morality
Constitutional Morality refers to adherence to the core principles and values enshrined in the Constitution, beyond legal compliance. For instance, upholding fundamental rights and democratic values ensures that governance aligns with constitutional ideals, as seen in the Supreme Court’s declaration of LGBTQ+ rights in India.
(ii) Conflict of Interest
Conflict of Interest occurs when personal interests interfere with official duties. For example, a public official involved in awarding contracts to a company they have a financial stake in creates a conflict, undermining ethical governance and transparency.
(iii) Probity in Public Life
Probity in Public Life means maintaining honesty, integrity, and transparency in public service. The Vijay Mallya case highlighted the importance of probity, as financial mismanagement by public figures can erode trust in institutions.
(iv) Challenges of Digitalization
Challenges of Digitalization include data privacy, cybersecurity risks, and digital divide. The data breaches in various organizations, like Cambridge Analytica, demonstrate the need for stringent cybersecurity measures and equitable access.
(v) Devotion to Duty
Devotion to Duty involves unwavering commitment and dedication to one’s responsibilities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers displayed extraordinary devotion, working tirelessly under high risk to provide critical care and services.
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