Talk about the causes of the rise of environmental movements and the importance of these movements in India after independence. (Answer in 250 words)
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Environmental movement is a type of social movement that involves an array of individuals, groups and coalitions who perceive a common interest in environmental protection and act to bring about changes in environmental policies and practices.
The reasons behind the emergence of environmental movements in India are:
The significance of environmental movements in post-independent India:
Further, these movements are significant because they involve multiplicity of people and events, which contribute to reinforcement of social change even in the contemporary times.
The Environmental movement is particularly also known as a social movement and it is the term where a group of individuals, or coalitions come forward with the same interests and opinions related to environmental issues and they start protesting together and aim to need changes according to their ecological perspectives. They seek to bring about changes in environmental policies and practices according to the Environmental Protection Act.
Here are the reasons behind the emergence of environmental movements-
2. Displacements and different livelihoods- Due to the establishment of dams and mining projects people face difficulties and they shift from one place to another because of the loss of water in local areas like villages or forests. These large-scale development projects mainly affected those who live in local communities and tribal populations.
3. Loss of biodiversity- Due to the extreme use of natural resources the loss of biodiversity will rapidly increase. The major concern for the loss of biodiversity is less conservation of flora and fauna
4. Governmental policies and implementation of various plans- Due to the implementation of government policies and agricultural plans, there may be huge problems occurring in agriculture sectors and village areas. Face a lot of problems by local people who live in village areas and local biodiversity. During the period of the Green Revolution in the 1960s, the production of food increased and it degraded soil fertility, and use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There may be a shift from traditional agriculture farming to the use of commercial methods. The significance of environmental movements in the post-Independence Era-
Due to environmental movements led by local farmers, villagers, and small groups of individuals, there have been a lot of changes and developments in the agriculture sector, village areas, and biodiversity. 1. Implementing various environmental acts and policies framework- Due to environmental movements and protests, the government implements laws and policies for the upliftment of villagers, local people, and forest areas.
The establishment of key environmental rules and regulations that include the Forest Conservation Act (1980) and the Environmental Protection Act (1986)., typically the environmental movements pressured to government to make these polices to ensure the protection of the environment and aim for sustainable development.
2. Leads to the conservation of natural resources – Due to some famous movements occurred like the Chipko and Appiko movements, to ensure for save forests and promote natural resources.
Also, aims to save water, forests, and wildlife and led to the creation of protected areas and strict laws.
3. Promote awareness and education- Due to this movement, the government and the public spread awareness related to a safe environment promoting sustainable development, and describing how important the environment is.
Organize educational campaigns, workshops, and seminars to protect forests and the culture of the environment.
So, these are the significance of environmental movements in post post-independence era.
The reasons behind the emergence of environmental movements in India are:
Environmental movements in India played a vital role in protecting and saving the forests, wildlife, and villages. Aim to protect natural resources and promote sustainable development, spreading awareness about environmental issues.
Here are some key environmental movements in India:
Reasons for the Emergence of Environmental Movements in Post-Independent India:
The rise of environmental movements in post-independent India can be attributed to several key factors,
1. Increasing Confrontation with Nature
The rapid industrialization, resource exploitation, and development policies of the government led to growing environmental degradation, resource depletion, and imbalances in the ecosystem. This increasing confrontation with nature spurred local communities to organize and resist these harmful practices.
Right of Access to Natural Resources
Many movements emerged from local communities’ struggles to maintain their traditional rights and access to forests, land, and other natural resources. The false development policies of the government often threatened these customary rights, leading to protests.
2. Environmental Degradation and Destruction
The widespread environmental destruction caused by industrial growth, deforestation, pollution, and natural resource exploitation was a major driver behind the environmental movements. These movements aimed to raise awareness and advocate for environmental protection.
3. Spread of Environmental Awareness
The growth of environmental consciousness, aided by the media and civil society organizations, helped mobilize public support for these movements. People became more aware of the impacts of human activities on the environment.
These environmental movements played a crucial role in post-independent India:
1. Influencing Policy and Legislation
The sustained pressure from movements like the Chipko, Silent Valley, and Narmada Bachao Andolan led to the enactment of important environmental laws and policies, such as the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and the National Green Tribunal.
2.Raising Awareness and Mobilizing Public Support
The movements helped raise awareness about environmental issues and mobilized widespread public support for conservation efforts. This increased societal engagement with environmental protection.
3. Protecting Ecosystems and Natural Resources
Movements like the Chipko and Silent Valley succeeded in preventing deforestation and protecting fragile ecosystems, demonstrating the power of grassroots action in environmental preservation.
4. Empowering Local Communities
Many movements empowered local communities to assert their rights over natural resources and participate in decision-making processes affecting their environment.
The environmental movements that emerged in post-independent India were a response to the growing environmental crisis and played a pivotal role in shaping the country’s environmental policies, raising public consciousness, and protecting natural resources.