Rapid urbanization in India presents several environmental challenges due to increased population density, infrastructure demands, and resource consumption. Some of the key environmental challenges include:

1. **Air Pollution**: Urban areas in India often face high levels of air pollution due to increased vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and construction dust. This pollution can lead to respiratory issues and other health problems.

2. **Water Scarcity**: Rapid urbanization strains water resources, leading to water scarcity in many cities. Increased demand for water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes can deplete water sources and lead to water stress.

3. **Waste Management**: The generation of solid waste in urban areas increases with population growth. Inadequate waste management systems can result in littering, pollution of water bodies, and the release of harmful chemicals into the environment.

4. **Loss of Green Spaces**: Urban expansion often leads to the loss of green spaces and natural habitats. Deforestation and the conversion of land for construction can reduce biodiversity and disrupt ecosystems.

5. **Traffic Congestion**: The rapid increase in vehicles in urban areas contributes to traffic congestion, which not only affects air quality but also leads to increased fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Addressing these environmental challenges requires sustainable urban planning, investment in green infrastructure, promotion of public transportation, efficient waste management systems, and policies that prioritize environmental conservation alongside urban development.