Synchronous Communication:

1. Timing: Communication occurs in real-time, with participants required to be present simultaneously.
2. Coordination: Requires tight coordination and synchronization between the communicating entities.
3. Latency: Typically has low latency because the communication happens instantly.
4. Overhead: Can have higher overhead due to the need for maintaining a consistent and continuous connection.
5. Examples: Video conferencing, VoIP (Voice over IP), live chat, instant messaging, and telephone calls.

Examples:

• Video Conferencing: Tools like Zoom or Microsoft Teams where participants interact in real-time.
• Instant Messaging: Applications like WhatsApp or Slack when used for real-time conversation.

Asynchronous Communication:

1. Timing: Communication does not require participants to be present at the same time; messages can be sent and received at any time.
2. Coordination: Less stringent coordination requirements since messages are stored and can be accessed later.
3. Latency: Can have higher latency as there is a delay between when a message is sent and when it is received and acted upon.
4. Overhead: Typically lower overhead because continuous connection is not required.
5. Examples: Email, discussion forums, SMS (when used for non-instant communication), and file sharing.

Examples:

• Email: Users send and receive messages that can be read and replied to at any time.
• Discussion Forums: Platforms like Reddit or Stack Overflow where users post messages and respond asynchronously.
• File Sharing: Services like Dropbox or Google Drive where files are uploaded and accessed by others at their convenience.