Soil infertility refers to conditions where soil lacks essential nutrients and properties needed for optimal plant growth, affecting agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. Key causes include nutrient depletion due to continuous farming, soil erosion from wind and water, salinization from improper irrigation, and acidification from excessive chemical fertilizers. Compaction from heavy machinery also reduces soil’s ability to retain water and nutrients.

Symptoms of soil infertility include poor plant growth, soil color changes, and low organic matter. Solutions involve several strategies: conducting regular soil tests to determine nutrient levels and pH; using appropriate fertilizers and organic amendments to replenish nutrients; implementing erosion control practices like cover cropping and terracing; adjusting soil pH with lime or sulfur; and adding organic matter such as compost and manure.

Adopting sustainable practices, including crop rotation and reduced tillage, helps maintain soil health. By addressing these aspects, farmers can restore soil fertility, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing crop yields.