How cryptography works?
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Cryptography is a method of secure communication by transforming plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (unreadable data). Here’s a simplified overview of how cryptography works:
*Encryption:*
1. *Key generation:* A secret key or a pair of keys (public and private) is generated.
2. *Plaintext:* The message or data to be encrypted.
3. *Encryption algorithm:* A mathematical formula, like AES or RSA, that scrambles the plaintext using the key.
4. *Ciphertext:* The encrypted output, which appears random and unintelligible.
*Decryption:*
1. *Ciphertext:* The encrypted message or data.
2. *Decryption algorithm:* The same algorithm used for encryption, but with the corresponding decryption key.
3. *Key:* The secret key or private key used to decrypt the ciphertext.
4. *Plaintext:* The original message or data, now decrypted and readable.
*Types of cryptography:*
1. *Symmetric-key cryptography:* Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption (e.g., AES).
2. *Asymmetric-key cryptography:* Uses a pair of keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption (e.g., RSA).
3. *Hash functions:* One-way encryption, used for data integrity and authenticity (e.g., SHA-256).
*Cryptography applications:*
1. *Secure communication:* Encrypted messaging, emails, and online transactions.
2. *Data protection:* Encrypted storage, backups, and databases.
3. *Digital signatures:* Authenticating the source and integrity of data.
4. *Cryptocurrencies:* Secure financial transactions and blockchain technology.
1. Definition: Cryptography secures information by converting it into an unreadable form, accessible only to those with a special key.
2. Encryption : Plaintext data is transformed into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key, making the data unintelligible without the corresponding decryption key.
3. Transmission and Storage: The encrypted data can be safely transmitted or stored, as it remains unreadable to unauthorized parties.
4. Mathematical Principles: Modern cryptography relies on complex mathematical algorithms to ensure data security.
5. Symmetric Key Algorithms: These algorithms, such as AES, use the same key for both encryption and decryption.
6. Asymmetric Key Algorithms: These algorithms, such as RSA, use a pair of keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption.
7. Data Confidentiality: Cryptography ensures that sensitive information remains confidential and inaccessible to unauthorized users.
8. Data Integrity: It protects the data from being altered or tampered with.
9. Data Authenticity: Cryptography verifies the identity of the parties involved in communication, ensuring the data comes from a legitimate source.
10. Applications: Used in secure communication, data storage, online transactions, and many other digital security contexts.
Cryptography secures communication by transforming readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using algorithms and keys. There are two main types: symmetric and asymmetric cryptography.
Symmetric cryptography uses a single key for both encryption and decryption. This method is efficient but requires secure key exchange. Examples include AES and DES.
Asymmetric cryptography uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. It enhances security as the private key is never shared. RSA and ECC are common asymmetric algorithms.
Cryptographic techniques also involve hashing, which converts data into a fixed-size string, ensuring data integrity by detecting changes. Digital signatures verify the authenticity and integrity of messages, combining hashing and asymmetric encryption.
Overall, cryptography ensures data confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation in digital communications.
Cryptography secures information by transforming it into an unreadable format, ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. It involves mathematical algorithms and protocols that encrypt and decrypt data. The two main types of cryptography are symmetric-key and asymmetric-key. In symmetric-key cryptography, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, requiring secure key exchange between parties. Asymmetric-key cryptography, also known as public-key cryptography, uses a pair of keys – a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This method enhances security by allowing public keys to be shared openly while keeping private keys confidential. Cryptographic techniques also include hashing, which converts data into a fixed-length string, making it difficult to reverse-engineer. Cryptography is essential for securing communications, protecting sensitive information, and ensuring the authenticity of digital transactions in various applications, from online banking to secure messaging.