In Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with Java, companies leverage several key concepts to enhance profitability:

1. **Encapsulation**: By encapsulating data within classes and exposing only necessary methods through well-defined interfaces, companies ensure secure and controlled access to data. This reduces the risk of unintended data manipulation or corruption, enhancing system reliability and protecting sensitive information. Ultimately, this fosters customer trust and loyalty, which are crucial for sustained profitability.

2. **Inheritance**: Inheritance facilitates code reuse and promotes consistency across software modules. Companies can efficiently build upon existing, tested code to develop new features or products. This reduces development time and costs, enabling faster time-to-market and competitive pricing strategies.

3. **Polymorphism**: Polymorphism allows flexibility in design, enabling systems to accommodate diverse requirements without modifying existing code. This adaptability is essential for responding quickly to market changes and customer needs, thereby maintaining a competitive edge and maximizing revenue opportunities.

In essence, these OOP concepts contribute to cost-effective development, improved product quality, and responsiveness to market demands, all of which are crucial for driving profitability in today’s competitive business environment.