Quantum superposition and entanglement are key ideas in quantum mechanics that are causing a revolution in how we encrypt and decrypt data. Quantum superposition lets particles like photons be in more than one state at once. People use this ability in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) to make and share cryptographic keys. In QKD systems such as BB84, the way photons are polarized helps create encryption keys. Because measuring a quantum system changes it, people can spot attempts to listen in. This ensures keys are shared. As a result, QKD is, in theory, safe from normal ways of intercepting data. It offers a level of security that old-style systems can’t match.

Quantum entanglement links particles making their states affect each other no matter how far apart they are. This boosts encryption methods. People far away can use entangled particles to create shared keys. If someone tries to snoop on their talk, it messes up the entanglement. This warns the real talkers about a possible security risk. We can use this to build super-safe ways to chat. The safety comes from quantum physics laws, not from how hard the math is.